Файл: Миньяр-Белоручев Курс устного перевода.pdf

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6

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1. HaBblKH aY.!lHpOBaHHH IflpaHUY3CKOro TeKCTa, npe.!lHé13HalJeHHOrO

.!lJlH nepeBO.!la. HaBblKH aY.!lHpOBaHHH IflpaHuy3CKOH pelJH Bo06IUe y ylJaIUHXCH .!lOJ1)/(Hbl 6blTb y)/(e CIflOpMHpOBaHbJ. Ho O.!lHO .!leJ10 nOHHMaTb IflpaHuy3cKyJO yCTHyJO pelJb, a .!lpyroe - BocnpHHHMaTb ee Ha cnyx TaK, lJT06bl 6blJlO MO)/(HO nepeBeCTlt. B :nOM cnylJae Ha.!lO yMeTb Bbl.!leJ1HTb KJlJO'ieByJO HHlflopMaUIiJO, 3aKJlJOlJeHHyJO B TeKCTe, 3anOMHliTb npellH3HOHHbIe CJlOBa, paJ6HpaTbCH B KOHKpeTHblX H rpaMMaTHlJeCKHX TPY.!lHOCTHX, BCTPelJaeMblX B TeKCTax .!lJlH yCTHOro nepeBO.!la. I1MeHHo 3TH HaBblKH H yMeHHH OTPa6aTbiBaJOTCH B ylJe6HHKe. ,l1;rui 3TOro npe.!lycMOTPeHbl HeKOTopbJe cneUHaJJbHble ynpa)/(HeHHH.

-Ynpa)/(HeHHe «nepeBOJl-.!lHKTOBKa». Ynpa)/(HeHHe HalJaJJbHoro 3Tana. YlJaIUHeCH nHCbMeHHO nepeBO.!lHT Ha pyCCKHH H3blK IflpaHUY3CKHe Iflpa3bl, Ka)/(.!laH H3 KOTOpblX 3a'iHTblBaeTCH npenOJlaBaTeJleM OJlHH paJ. Day3bl Me)/(JlY lJTeHHeM Ka)/(.!lOH IflPaJbl CJle.!lyeT nOCTeneHHO COKpalllaTb, ylJHTblBaH, OJlHaKO, B03MO)/(HOCTb 60JlbUlHHCTBa ylJaIUHXCH. DocJle 3aBepUleHHH .!lHKTOBKH Bcero TeKCTa BapHaHTbl nepeBO.!la, npe.!lJlO)/(eHHble ylJaIUHMCH, 06CY)/(.!laJOTCH BceH rpynnoH .

-Ynpa)/(HeHHe B nOHHMaHHH 06IUeCTBeHHO-nOJlHTH'ieCKOH JleKCHKH, BocnpHHHMaeMOH Ha CJlyX. I1MeeTcH B BH.!ly yCTHblH nepeBO.!l He60JlbUlHX IflpaJ, B KOTOpblX COJlep)/(aTCH THnH'IHble .!lJlH 06UleCT- BeHHO-nOJlHTH'leCKHXTeKCTOB H3blKOBble TPY.!lHOCTH. 3TH TPYJlHOCTH Bbl.!leJleHbl B TeKCTax ynpa)/(HeHHH cneUHaJJbHo .!lJ1H npenOJlaBaTeJ1H. Ynpa)/(HeHHH peKOMeHJlyeTcH npOBOJlHTb B J1HHraIflOHHOM Ka6HHeTe. 3anHcaHHble Ha MarHHTolfloHHYJO JleHTy IflPaJbl (mm lJHTaeMble B MHKpolfloH npenO.!laBaTeJIeM), COCTaBJIHJOIUHe TeKCT ynpa)/(HeHHH, npe.!lJlaraJOTCH y'laIUHMCH,KOTopble MX TYT )/(e nepeBOJlHT. DpenoJlaBaTeJIb, KOHTPOJIHpyeT OJlHH H3 nepeBOJlOB H HanOMHHaeT npaBHJIbHblW BapHaHT nepeBOJla BbIJleJIeHHOH JIeKCHKH. DpaBHJIbHblH BapHaHT nepeBO.!la BbI.!leJIeHHOH JIeKCHKH MO)/(eT 6bITb 3apaHee 3anHcaH Ha TOH )/(e MarHHTHOH JIeHTe. B 3TOM CJIyqae ylJaIUHeCH MOryT JleJIaTb 3TO ynpa)/(HeHHe caMOCTOHTeJIbHO.

-DHCbMeHHblH nepeBOJl 3ByK03anl1CH npe.!lCTaBJIHeT C060H YHI1BepCaJJbHoe ynpa)/(HeHHe, KOTopoe CJIeJlyeT npaKTHKOBaTb B TelJeHHe nO'lTHBcero Kypca yCTHOro nepeBOJla. DpH 3TOM YCJIO)/(HHJOTCH TeKCTbJ, KOTopble nO.!lJle)/(aT nepeBOJlY. Ynpa)/(HeHHe HCnOJIb3yeTcH B

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Ka'leCTBeilOMaUlHerO 3ailaHHlI. Y'IaUlHeCliMoryT CJlywaTb TeKCT HeOrpaHH'IeHHOe 'IHCJlO paJ H nepeBOilHTb ero no 'IaCTlIM. CJleilyeT npeilOCTepe'IbyqamHxcli OT nOnblTOK 3anHcaTb ilOCJlOBHO Ha cppaH - U)'3CKOM lI3bIKe TeKCT ynpa)l(HeHHlI: H 3aTeM nepeBO.!lHTb ero, KaK 06bI'lHO,npH 3pHTeJlbHOM BocnpHlITHH. B 3TOM CJlyqae 3Ha'IHTeJlbHO CHH)I(aeTCli 3cpcpeKTHBHOCTb ynpa)l(HeHHlI.

2. HaBbIKH TpaHccpopMaUHH. OepeBO.!l eCTb, BO MHorOM, HCKYCCTBO TPaHccpopMauHH H He TOJlbKO Me)l(bll3bIKOBOH, HO H BHYTpHll3bIKOBOH. B nOHCKax OnTHMaJIbHOro BapHaHTa nepeBO.!la nepeBO.!l'IHKnepe6HpaeT CHHOHHMbl , HmeT onHCaTeJlbHble 060POTbl , oT6paCblBaeT CJlOBa C nOBTopHOH HHcpopMaUHeH H T ..!l. ,[VIli Toro 'IT06bl3anOMHHTb BocnpHHHMaeMblH Ha CJlyx TeKCT, OH BbI.!leJllleT CJlOBa C KJl/O'leBOH HHcpopMaUHeH, npe06pa3yeT .!l1lHHHble pe'IeHHlI,HIlleT eMKHe JleKCH- 'IeCKHee.!lHHHUbl .!lJlll onopHbIX nyHKTOB naMlITH, .!lJlll 3anHceH B noCJle.!lOBaTellbHOM nepeBO.!le. B CHHXpOHHOM nepeBO.!le nepeBO.!l'lHKy 'IaCTO npHXO.!lHTCli KOMnpeCCHpOBaTb TeKCT, 'IT06bI He OTCTaTb OT opaTopa, BO Bcex CJlyqalix pa60Ta/OT HaBblKH TPaHccpopMaUHH TeKCTa .

B y'Ie6HHKe.!l1lll cpOpMHpOBaHHlI HaBblKOB TpaHccpopMaUHH npe.!lHa3Ha'IeHblCneUHaJIbHble ynpa)l(HeHHlI.

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-TpaHccpopMaUHOHHoe 'ITeHHe.Ynpa)l(HeHHe TaK)I(e He CO.!lep)l(HT Me)l(bll3blKOBoro nepeBO.!la. Y'lamHeCli .!lOJl)l(Hbl nepeCKa3aTb TeKCT ynpa)l(HeHHlI Ha pyCCKOM Sl3bIKe, He nepeBO.!lll, 3a HCKJl/O'leHHeMUHcpp H HeKOTopbIX .!lpyrux npeUH3HOHHblX CllOB, y)l(e HCnOJlb30BaHHbIe B TeKCTe CJlOBa. HanpHMep : «B A)lJJ.HC-A6e6e Ha'IaJIOCb COBemaHHe

KpaTKOH cpOpMyJlHpOBKOH. Ynpa)l(HeHHe npaKTI1KyeTcli Ha pyCCKOM H cppaHU)'3CKOMSl3bIKax.

3. HaBbIKI1 nepeKll/O'IeHHlIC O.!lHOro lI3bIKa Ha .!lpyroH. HaSbIKH 11 yMeHHlI 6bICTPO nepeXO.!lHTb C O.!lHOrO lI3bIKa Ha .!lpyroH, HaXO.!lHTb CpaJy HHOSl3bI"IHbIH 3KBI1BaJIeHT, COBMemaTb ceMaHTH'IeCKHeCHCTeMbI

8

,UByX S!3blKOB, COBepWeHHO He06xo,UJilMbl B yCTHOM nepeBO,Ue. 3TH HaBblKH H yMeHIDI OTPa6aTbIBaIOTCli B pll,Ue ynpmKHeHHH .

- Ynpa»ŒeHHe C 'ŒCJlHTeJlbHblMH. Ynpa)l(HeHHe OTPa6aTbIBaeT m6KOCTb MbllllJleHIDI B yCJlOBIDIX ,UByS!3bI4ID1. Ynpa)l(HeHHe HMeeT HeCKOJlbKO BapHaHTOB HCnOJlHeHHlI: 6erJloe 4Tem!e 4HCJlHTeJlbHblX, 3anHCb 4HCJlHTeJlbHbIX, BOCnpHHHMaeMblX Ha cnyx, KOTopble 4HTaIOTCS! Ha pyCCKOM S!3bIKe, yCTHblii nepeBO,U 4HCJlHTeJlbHblX npH ay,UHpOBaHHH.

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-Ynpa)l(HeHHe B aBTOMaTH3HpOBaHHOM ynOTPe6J1eHHH 06lI.\eCT- BeHHO-nOJlHTH4eCKoii JleKCHKH C03,UaeT CBS!3H Me)l('uY JleKCH4eCKHMH e,UHHHUaMH pyccKoro H Q>paHu,y3cKoro 1I3bIKOB. Ynpa)l(HeHHe Bblpa6aTblBaeT Bep6arIbHytO peaKu,HIO Ha npe,UbS!BJleHHblH CTHMyJl.

-Ynpa)l(HeHHe C npeUH3HOHHblMH CJlOBaMH. IlpeUH3HOHHblMH CJlOBaMH S!BJllIIOTCSI CJlOBa, Tpe6ytOlI.\He oc06oii T04HOCTH B ynoTpe6-

JleHHH H yCHJlHH ,UJlS! HX y,Uep»ŒHHSI B naMS!TH. K npeu,H3HOHHblM CJlOBaM OTHOCS!TCS! 4HCJlHTeJlbHble (OHH Bbl,UeJleHbl B OT,UeJlbHOe ynpa)l(HeHHe), HMeHa c06CTBeHHble, ,UHH He,UeJlH, Ha3BaHHe MecS!u,eB. HeKOTopble HMeHa co6CTBeHHble (reorpaQ>H4eCKHe Ha3BaHHS!) Bbl,UeJllIlOTCli H OTPa6aTbIBaIOTCli Ha reorpaQ>H4eCKOH KapTe, 'leM,UOCTHraeTCli KOHKpeTH3aUIDI npeUH3HOHHoro CJlOBa, a, CJle,UOBaTeJlbHO, H C03)1aIOTCS! npe)lnOCblJlKH .lIJIS! y,Uep)l(aHHS! ero B naMliTH.

4. HaBblKH ynpaBJleHHS! pe4eBblMH MexaHH3MaMH. ITepeBo)l4HKy npHXO)lHTCS! pa60TaTb B pa3HblX yCJlOBHlIX: B CHHXpOHHOM nepeBo,Ue OH O,UHOBpeMeHHO H CJlywaeT, H rOBopHT, B nOCJle)lOBaTeJlbHOM nepeBo,Ue cJlywaeT H ,UeJlaeT 3anHCH, 4HTaeT 3anHCH H rOBopHT, y)lep)l(H- BaSi 4aCTb TeKCTa B naMS!TH H nO)lblCKHBaS! B ,UOJlrOBpeMeHHOH naMS!TH HHOSl3bl4Hble 3KBHBarIeHTbl, H T.,U. ITpH 3TOM pa60TalOT pa3J1H4Hble pe4eBble MexaHH3MbI. MMH HY)I(HO Hay4HTbclI ynpaBJlSlTb: HeiiTParIH30BaTb, B cJly4ae He06xo,UHMOCTH, nporOBapHBaHHe, Bbl)leJlSlTb KJlIO4eBylO HHQ>opMaUHIO H KOMnpeCCHpOBaTb nocrynalOlI.\HM TeKCT, nporH03HpOBaTb pe4b HCT04HHKa H T .n . YnpaBJlS!Tb pe4eBblMH MexaHH3MaMH B03MO)l(HO JlHWb npH Q>OpMHpOBaHHH COOTBeTCTBytOlI.\HX HaBblKOB, 4TO 06bl4HO ,UOCTHraeTCS! B npaKTHKe nepeBO)la. 3TOMy CneUHarIbHO cJly)l(aT )lBa ynpa)l(HeHHSI .

- Ynpa)l(HeHHe B 4TeHHH co C'leTOM.Y4aUlHecSi C4HTaIOT (Ha nepBblX 3aIDITHSIX no-pYCCKH, 3aTeM nO-Q>paHu,Y3CKH), np06eraSi rJla3aMH, Q>paHuy3cKHii TeKCT. Ilo HCTe4eHHH BpeMeHH, He06xo,UHMoro .lIJIS! 'lTeHHSITeKCTa, O)lHH H3 Y4alI.\HXCSI paCCKa3blBaeT ero cO)lep)l(aHHe .

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- YnpalKHeHl1e B CnOIKHOM ay.u.HpoBaHHH. Ha 3TOT paJ y'law.Hecli C'lHTaIOTH o.u.HoBpeMeHHo cnywalOT 'lepe3HaywHHKH IPpaHUy3cKHM TeKCT. nOcJ1e npocnywHBaHIDI Bce yqaw.HeclI, KalK.u.bIM B CBOM MHKpOIPOH, nepe.u.alOT 06111ee co.u.eplKaHHe BocnpHHHMaeMoro TeKCTa. YnpaJKHeHHe nOCTeneHHO ycnolKHlIeTclI: CHa'lanay'law.HecliC'lHTaIOT no-pyccKH, nOTOM nO-lPpaHUy3cKH, 3aTeM npH ay.u.lipoBaHHH 'IHTaIOT Bcnyx pyCCKliM TeKCT H, HaKOHeu, IPpaHUy3cKHM TeKCT. YnpalKHeHHe BBO.u.HTClI B KOHue YQe6HliKa H npaKTHKyeTcli .u.o KOHua Kypca yCTHOro nepeBo.u.a.

5. HaBbIKI1 TeXHHKI1 yCTHOM pe'fli. nepeBo.u.'lHK.u.onlKeH 06J1a.u.aTb xopoweM .u.HKUHeM, BbICOKOM KynbrypoM yCTHOM pe'lH,yMeHlieM rpaMOTHO 3aBepwaTb RlO60e npe.ll.JlOlKeHHe, 3anonIDITb «nycTbIe MeCTa» H

.u.OMbIcnHBaTb HeBOCnpHHlITbIe orpe3KH pe'lH,HMeTb .u.ocTaTO'lHbIM3anac penpo.u.yKTHBHoro MaTepHana (3nHTeTb/, 06HXo.u.Hble pe'leHHlI,CHryaUHoHHbIe KnHwe). 3TOM ueJ1H CnylKHT 6onbwoe 'lHCnOynpalKHeHHM B TeXHHKe pelfH H pHTOpHlJeCKHX ynpalKHeHHM. K HHM OTHOCliTClI:

-cKoporoBopKH;

-BbIpaJliTenbHoe 'ITeHlie;

-nepelPopMynlipoBKa npe.u.nolKeHHlI;

-cHTyaUHoHHbIe BbICKaJbIBaHlill (no nOBo.u.y nplie3.u.a .u.eJ1eraUHM, HX OThe3.u.a, paJnHlJHbIX uepeMoHHM li T. .u..);

-3anonHeHHe nponycKoB B pe'lli;

-ynpalKHeHHe B npe06paJoBaHliH 3anliceM B pe'lb. EonbwHHcTBO ynpaJKHeHliM MOryT npaKTHKOBaTbClI KaK .u.OMa, TaK

H B Knacce.

KpoMe onHcaHHbIX no.u.rOTOBliTenbHblX ynpalKHeHliM, y'law.HeCli nonyqalOT npaKTHKy B TaKliX Bli.u.ax nepeBo.u.a KaK nepeBo.u. CnHCTa li a63aUHo-lPpaJOBbIH nepeBo.u.. 3Tli Bli.u.bI nepeBo.u.a HMelOT He TonbKO caMOCTOliTenbHoe 3HalfeHHe, HO H COBepweHcTBylOT MHorHe HaBb/KH H yMeHH1I yCTHoro nepeBo.u.a.

B KOHue ylfe6HliKa ylfaw.lieClI nony'lalOTHeKOTopoe nOHliTHe 0 3anHCH B nocne.u.OBaTenbHOM nepeBo.u.e H np06YlQT CBOli ClinbI B npoCTeHweM CHHXpOHHOM nepeBo.u.e. ,IVIli OBJ1a.u.eHlili 3anl1ClIMH B nocne-

.u.OBaTenbHOM nepeBo.u.e y'law.HeClIMOryT HCn0J1b30BaTb yqe6HHK aBTopa 3TOH KHHrli «3anHCH B nocne.u.OBaTenbHOM nepeBo.u.e». <l>opMHpoBaHHe HaBbIKOB li yMeHHH CHHxpOHHoro nepeBo.u.a 3aBepwaeTCli B Ka6HHax nHHralPOHHOrO Ka6liHeTa Ha TeKCTax COOTseTCTBylOw.dî TeMaTHKH.

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