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M

Desired

Elevator

Angle

Control Signal

Output Angular

Control

Sensor

Column

Actual

Controller

Angle

Input

Angular

Measured Angle

Sensor

Hydraulic

Electrohydraulic

Cylinder

Servovalve

Fluid

Desired

Error

Control

Flow-rate

Hydraulic

Actual

3

Angle

Signal

Signal

(m

/s)

Force

Angle

(deg)

Input

(V) + (V)

(V)

Servo-

Hydraulic

(N)

(deg)

Angular

Controller

Elevator

valve

Cylinder

Sensor

Output

(V)

Angular

Sensor

Computer

Controller

Machine Table Movement

Shaft

Computer

Encoder

Program

DC-Servomotor

Lead-Screw

Digital

Power

Bearing

Tachogenerator

Controller

Amplifier

Digital Positional Feedback

Analogue Velocity Feedback


Digital

Control

Actual

Desired Position

Actual

Digital

Signal

Torque

Velocity

Error

(V)

(Nm)

(m/s)

Position

+ (V)

(m)

+

DC

Computer

Digital

Power

Machine

Integrator

Program

Controller

Amplifier

Servo

Table

motor

Analogue

Tacho-

Velocity Feedback

generator

Digital Positional

Shaft

Feedback

Encoder

Desired Heading

Actual rudder-angle

Gyro-compass

Auto-pilot

Steering-gear

Sensor

Error

Actual Heading

Demanded rudder-angle

Measured rudder-angle


Actual

Disturbance

Demanded

Moment

Course

Rudder

Actual

Desired

(Nm)

Error

Rudder

Angle

Heading

Heading

(V)

Angle

(deg)

Rudder

+

+

(deg)

(deg)

Potentio-

Autopilot

+

Steering

Charact-

Hull

meter

(V)–

(Controller) (V)–

Gear

eristics

Rudder

Rudder

Angle

Moment

Sensor

(Nm)

Measured

Gyro-

Heading (V)

Compass


START

Define System

Performance

Specification

Identify System

Components

Model Behaviour

of Plant and

System

Components

No

Is Component

Response Acceptable?

Yes

Define Control

Strategy

Simulate

System

Response

Does Simulated

No

Response Meet

Yes

Performance Specification?

Implement

Physical System

Select

Alternative

Components

Modify

Control

Strategy

Measure System

Modify Control

Response

Strategy

Does System

No

Yes

Response Meet

Performance Specification?

FINISH


$

$

$

$

$

$

Forward Speed u(t) (m/s)

a

Accelerator angle θ(t) (degrees)

$

$

$

# $

$

$

# $

#

# $

#

#

# $