Файл: Исаченко А.Г. Ландшафтоведение и физико-географическое районирование 1991.pdf

ВУЗ: Не указан

Категория: Не указан

Дисциплина: Не указана

Добавлен: 28.05.2019

Просмотров: 9005

Скачиваний: 19

ВНИМАНИЕ! Если данный файл нарушает Ваши авторские права, то обязательно сообщите нам.
background image

7,+,9&A( -,7-,6".2$( .3#":"<33( :,'+b,=."/F( N,**,-<&( '&+""?&'3/,:(
'&"6>"+31"*.@( 37$9&'3;( /7,31"*/;7&A( 1&c+$( 2"1#"'&'.,13( :,'+b,=.,( 3(
#-31&'&'3;( <&'&.39&*2"<"( #"+>"+,F( K,'+b,=.( $( '&<"( /0*.$#,&.( '&( 2,2(
?&:"*.',;( 1,.&-3,:@',;( *3*.&1,a( ,( 2,2( -&7$:@.,.( 1&>,'39&*2"<"( ',:"c&'3;(
#-"*.-,'*./a( 7,';.0>( ".+&:@'013( 2"1#"'&'.,13F( g'( +"#$*2,:( *$6n&2.3/371(
#-3(/0+&:&'33(:,'+b,=."/F((

L3732"]<&"<-,=39&*2"&( -,A"'3-"/,'3&( .,2c&( '&( #":$93:"( -,7/3.3;( ',(

j,#,+&a(&*:3('&(*93.,.@('&2"."-0>(-,6".(,'<:3A*23>(<&"<-,="/a(/0#":'&''0>(
/(+$>&(kF(!cF()&-6&-.*"',F((

N"c,:$Aa( ',36":&&( 3'.&-&*'0( -&7$:@.,.0( '&2"."-0>(+&.,:@'0>( #":&/0>(

3**:&+"/,'3Aa( #-&+#-3'31,/b3>*;( /( #-32:,+'0>( ?&:;>a( "*"6&''"(
:&*"/"+*./&''0>F( `'<:3A*23A( 3**:&+"/,.&:@( 5F( B$-'( ',( "*'"/&( "#0.,(
#"+"6'0>( 3**:&+"/,'3A( #-3b&:( /( SWVS( <F( 2( #-&+*.,/:&'38( "6( d:&1&'.,-'0>(
#-3-"+'0>( 2"1#:&2*,>a( 2"."-0&( "'( "6"7',9,:( .&-13'"1( e*,A.f( M•€•‚PF(
j,2"'"1&-'0&( *"9&.,'3;( .,23>( $9,*.2"/( "6-,7$8.a( #"( &<"( 1'&'38a(
*,1"*.";.&:@'0&( -,A"'0( 2,2( ?&:"*.'0&( #-3-"+'0&( &+3'*./,F( R( d.3>(
*$c+&'3;>(10("6',-$c3/,&1(6:37"*.@(2(3+&;1(KF()F(5,1&'*2"<"a("+',2"("'3(
'&(#-3/:&2:3(."<+,(/'31,'3;(<&"<-,="/F(

(

B)*$+),&-.#$#*/#':-7(#'.&-"-R'%/"-.-R'.-R*2(

N&-/0&(

#"*:&/"&''0&(

<"+0(

/(

*"/&.*2"1(

:,'+b,=."/&+&'33(

"7',1&'"/,:3*@( /"7"6'"/:&'3&1( 3( -,*#-"*.-,'&'3&1( :,'+b,=.'0>( *n&1"2F(
H'3?3,."-,13( 3>( /0*.$#3:3( <&"<-,=0( O"*2"/*2"<"( $'3/&-*3.&.,( #"+(
-$2"/"+*./"1( QF( `F( 4":'?&/,a( ,( /( ',9,:&( IT]>( <"+"/( *n&123( /&:3*@( $c&(
<-$##,13(*".-$+'32"/(K&'3'<-,+*2"<"a(K@/"/*2"<"a(K,./3A*2"<"(3('&2"."-0>(
+-$<3>( $'3/&-*3.&."/F( 5,7/&-.0/,'3&( #":&/0>( :,'+b,=.'0>( 3**:&+"/,'3A(
31&:"( -&b,8%&&( 7',9&'3&( +:;( +,:@'&Ab&A( -,7-,6".23( .&"-33( :,'+b,=.,F( R(
SWU^( <F( QF( `F( 4":'?&/( /0*.$#3:( ',( YY( R*&*"87'"1( <&"<-,=39&*2"1( *n&7+&( /(
K&'3'<-,+&(*(+"2:,+"1a(/(2"."-"1("6"6%3:(#&-/0&(-&7$:@.,.0(#":&/0>(-,6".(
1"*2"/*23>(:,'+b,=."/&+"/(

S

F(5,7/3/,;(3+&3(KF()F(5,1&'*2"<"a("'("6"*'"/,:(

-&<3"',:@'"&( #-&+*.,/:&'3&( "( :,'+b,=.&( 3( &<"( 1"-=":"<33F( 4"<:,*'"( &<"(
"#-&+&:&'38a( :,'+b,=.( X( "*'"/',;( .,2*"'"139&*2,;( &+3'3?,( /( -;+$(
#-3-"+'0>( .&--3."-3,:@'0>( 2"1#:&2*"/i( d."( X( <&'&.39&*23( &+3',;(
.&--3."-3,:@',;( *3*.&1,a( #"*.-"&'',;( 37( 7,2"'"1&-'"( *"9&.,8%3>*;(
1"-=":"<39&*23>(9,*.&AX($-"93%(3(=,?3AF((

l,231( "6-,7"1a( "6%,;( 3+&;( KF( 4F( B&-<,( "( :,'+b,=.&( 2,2( <,-1"'39&*2"1(

&+3'*./&( #-3-"+'0>( 2"1#"'&'."/( #":$93:,( +,:@'&Ab&&( -,7/3.3&( 3(
2"'2-&.37,?38(

/(

#-&+*.,/:&'33(

"6(

3&-,->39'"*.3(

#-3-"+'0>(

.&--3."-3,:@'0>( 2"1#:&2*"/( 3( "( :,'+b,=.&( 2,2( $#"-;+"9&''"A( *3*.&1&(
.&--3."-3,:@'0>(&+3'*./('37b3>(-,'<"/(

D

F((

S

( 4":'?&/( E>/ `F( N-3-"+'0A( :,'+b,=.( 3( '&2"."-0&( &<"( "6%3&( 7,2"'"1&-'"*.3( pp( l-F( YY(

R*&*"87'"<"(<&"<-F(*n&7+,F(lF(SF(OFa(SWUGF((

D

(h%&(/(ƒWUI(<F(KF(4F(B&-<(/'&*(/2:,+(/(d.$(2"'2-&.37,?38a($2,7,/a(9."(:,'+b,=.(*"*."3.(37(

=,?3A(X(+,:&&('&+&:310>(<&"<-,=39&*23>(&+3'3?F(UE(

(


background image

o2,7,''"&( #-&+*.,/:&'3&( *"7+,/,:"( .&"-&.39&*2$8( "*'"/$( +:;(

:,'+b,=.'"A(*n&123(3(*"7+,'3;(:,'+b,=.'0>(2,-.(-,7'0>(1,*b.,6"/F(L,?33(
60:3(#-37','0('&#"*-&+*./&''01("6n&2."1(#":&/"A(*n&123(/(*,10>(2-$#'0>(
1,*b.,6,>a( $-"93%,( X( /( *-&+'3>a( *"6*./&''"( :,'+b,=.0( "2,70/,:3*@(
"#.31,:@'013(

"6n&2.,13(

1&:2"]1,*b.,6'"<"(

M"67"-'"<"P(

2,-."<-,=3-"/,'3;F((

R( #&-/"&( #"*:&/"&''"&( +&*;.3:&.3&( 7,1&.'"( "c3/3:*;( 3'.&-&*( 2(

.&"-&.39&*231( /"#-"*,1( :,'+b,=."/&+&'3;F( R( $9&6'0&( #:,'0( /&+$%3>(
$'3/&-*3.&."/( //"+3.*;( 2$-*( eo9&'3&( "( :,'+b,=.,>fF( g*'"/'"&( /'31,'3&(
#-3/:&2,:3( /"#-"*0a( */;7,''0&( *( :,'+b,=.'"A( *n&12"A( 3( *"7+,'3&1(
:,'+b,=.'0>( 2,-.J( 1"-=":"<3;( :,'+b,=.,a( #-3'?3#0( /0+&:&'3;( =,?3A( 3(
$-"93%a( 3>( *3*.&1,.32,a( 2-3.&-33( 3( "6n&1( :,'+b,=.,a( #-"6:&1,(
:,'+b,=.'0>(<-,'3?(3(.F(#F((

R(SWUU(X(SWUE(<<F(BF(BF(N":0'"/(-,7-,6".,:("*'"/0(<&">3133(:,'+b,=.,(

X( '"/"<"( ',$9'"<"( ',#-,/:&'3;a( 31&8%&<"( +&:"( *( 37$9&'3&1( 13<-,?33(
>3139&*23>( d:&1&'."/( /( :,'+b,=.&( X( /,c'"<"( ,*#&2.,( #"7','3;(
/&-.32,:@'0>( 3( <"-37"'.,:@'0>( <&"<-,=39&*23>( /7,31"*/;7&AF( !-$<"&( '"/"&(
',#-,/:&'3&a( 31&8%&&( 6:372"&( ".'"b&'3&( 2( :,'+b,=."/&+&'38a( ,( 31&''"(
63"<&"?&'":"<3;a(*/;7,'"(*(31&'&1(RF(QF(4$2,9&/,(MSGGT(X(SWE^PF(R/&+&''"&(
31(/(UT]>(<"+,>(#"';.3&(e63"<&"?&'"7f(#-,2.39&*23(."c+&*./&''"(=,?33a('"(
<:,/'"&( /'31,'3&( "6-,%,:"*@( ',( 63"2"1#"'&'.0( 3( 3>( /&%&*./&''"]
d'&-<&.39&*23A("61&'(*"(*-&+"AF(R,c'&Ab31(1&."+"1(37$9&'3;(63"<&"?&'"7,(
RF( QF( 4$2,9&/( *93.,:( *.,?3"',-'0Aa( 3( #"( &<"( 3'3?3,.3/&( ',9,:,*@(
"-<,'37,?3;(63"<&"?&'":"<39&*23>(*.,?3"',-"/F((

R( SWU^( <F( /0b:"( /( */&.( -,7-,6".,''"&( 2"::&2.3/"1( *#&?3,:3*."/(

`2,+&133(',$2(4445(eh*.&*./&''"]3*."-39&*2"&(-,A"'3-"/,'3&(4445fa(3(/(
."1( c&( <"+$( 60:( 37+,'( 6":@b"A( .-$+( 4F( NF( 4$*:"/,( MSGWV( X( SWIVP(
eL3739&*2,;(<&"<-,=3;(4445f(M,73,.*2,;(9,*.@P(*"(*>&1"A(-,A"'3-"/,'3;F(R(
d.3>( -,6".,>( /#&-/0&( ',-;+$( *( .-,+3?3"''01( 7"',:@'01( +&:&'3&1( ',b&:(
".-,c&'3&( ,7"',:@'0A( #-3'?3#( /( /3+&( /0+&:&'3;( 2-$#'0>( -&<3"',:@'0>(
&+3'3?( X( *.-,'F( R( SWUE( <F( `F( HF( s$'#$.'3'@( "#$6:32"/,:( 3'.&-&*'0A( "#0.(
-,A"'3-"/,'3;( /*&A( *$b3( 7&1'"<"( b,-,a( -,7+&:3/( 1,.&-323( ',( =3732"]
<&"<-,=39&*23&(*&2."-0(3(*.-,'0F((

o9&'3&("(:,'+b,=.&(3(=3732"]<&"<-,=39&*2"&(-,A"'3-"/,'3&(/(d.3(<"+0(

-,7-,6,.0/,:3*@(#"(*$%&*./$('&7,/3*31"("+'"(".(+-$<"<"F(4$%&*./"/,:"(+,c&(
1'&'3&a( 9."( :,'+b,=."/&+&'3&( +":c'"( "<-,'393/,.@*;( 37$9&'3&1( .":@2"(
e1,:0>f(#-3-"+'0>(.&--3."-3,:@'0>(2"1#:&2*"/a(.F(&F(*"6*./&''"(:,'+b,=.,(
3( &<"( 1"-=":"<39&*23>( 9,*.&AF( N-3( -,A"'3-"/,'33( c&( "*'"/'"&( /'31,'3&(
$+&:;:"*@(2-$#'&Ab31(-&<3"',:@'01(&+3'*./,1(X(7"',1a(*&2."-,1a(*.-,',1a(
,( #-3( #"#0.2,>( 6":&&( +-"6'"<"( +&:&'3;( "6',-$c3/,:"*@( ".*$.*./3&( 2,23>]
:36"( &+3'0>( #-3'?3#"/( 3( 1&."+"/F( 4"7+,/,:*;a( .,231( "6-,7"1a( -,7-0/a(
'&+"*.,/,:"(*/;7$8%&<"(7/&',a(2,2"/01(+":c'"(60.@($9&](

U^(

(


background image

5*'/ $/ :(-$5$6'%5$,#=</ #'%%*#$%*(175$./ 4*))'%'5?*(?**/ &'$&%()*+',-$./

$0$1$+-*>/ N&-/0&( 2"'.$-0( d."<"( $9&'3;( $c&( *.,:3( ',1&9,.@*;( /( /3+&(
#-&+*.,/:&'3A( "( &+3'*./&( 7"',:@'0>( 3( ,7"',:@'0>( 7,2"'"1&-'"*.&Aa( "(
:,'+b,=.&(2,2(e$7:"/"Af(&+3'3?&a("+'"/-&1&''"(7"',:@'"A(3(,7"',:@'"Aa(3("(
*3*.&1&( -,A"'3-"/,'3;( 2,2( e<-$##3-"/2&( :,'+b,=."/( /( .&--3."-3,:@'0&(
"6n&+3'&'3;( /0*b&<"( #"-;+2,FFF( ',( "*'"/,'33( "#-&+&:&''0>( 3*."-39&*23>( 3(
#-"*.-,'*./&''0>(

1&c:,'+b,=.'0>(

*/;7&Af

S

F(

R7<:;+(

',(

=3732"]

<&"<-,=39&*2"&( -,A"'3-"/,'3&( '&( .":@2"( 2,2( ',( ".-,c&'3&( +3==&-&'?3,?33(
<&"<-,=39&*2"A( "6":"923a( '"( 3( 2,2( ',( #-";/:&'3&( 3:3( -&7$:@.,.a( *:&+*./3&(
#-"?&**"/( 3'.&<-,?33( :,'+b,=."/( *"7+,/,:( #&-*#&2.3/0( +:;( "6n&+3'&'3;(
".+&:@'0>(=3732"]<&"<-,=39&*23>(2"'?&#?3Aa(".'"*;%3>*;(2(<&"<-,=39&*2"A(
"6":"92&( /( ?&:"1a( 2( &&( 2-$#'01( -&<3"',:@'01( #"+-,7+&:&'3;1( 3( 2(
:,'+b,=.,1a(/(&+3'$8(=3732"]<&"<-,=39&*2$8(.&"-38F((

R,c'01(31#$:@*"1(+:;(,2.3/37,?33(:,'+b,=.'0>(3**:&+"/,'3A(/(',b&A(

*.-,'&( #"*:$c3:"( Y( R*&*"87'"&( *"/&%,'3&( #"( :,'+b,=."/&+&'38a(
"-<,'37"/,''"&( )&"<-,=39&*231( "6%&*./"1( /( SWII( <F( /( K&'3'<-,+&F( 4( d."<"(
/-&1&'3(/(.&9&'3&(-;+,(:&.(*"/&%,'3;(:,'+b,=."/&+"/(*"70/,:3*@(/(-,7'0>(
<"-"+,>( #"9.3( &c&<"+'"( M/( SWIEa( SWIGa( SWIWa( SWESa( SWEV( xxFPa( ,( *( SWET( <F(
:,'+b,=."/&+9&*2,;( .&1,.32,( />"+3.( /( #-"<-,11$( /*&>( *n&7+"/(
)&"<-,=39&*2"<"( "6%&*./,( 4445a( *"70/,&10>( 2,c+0&( I( :&.F( !&*;.3:&.3&(
SWII( X( SWEI( <<F( >,-,2.&-37"/,:"*@( '&60/,:01( -"*."1( #"#$:;-'"*.3(
:,'+b,=."/&+&'3;( 3( 1,2*31,:@'"A( ,2.3/'"*.@8( *"/&.*23>( <&"<-,="/( /( d."A(
*=&-&F((

Q,( <&"<-,=39&*23>( *"/&%,'3;>a( *n&7+,>( 3( /( #&-3"+39&*2"A( #&9,.3(

"c3/:&''"( "6*$c+,:3*@( .&"-&.39&*23&( /"#-"*0( :,'+b,=."/&+&'3;a( 1&."+0(
3**:&+"/,'3Aa( #-32:,+'0&( ,*#&2.0( $9&'3;( "( :,'+b,=.&a( '"( /( ?&'.-&(
/'31,'3;( #-"+":c,:3( "*.,/,.@*;( :,'+b,=.',;( *n&12,( 3( -,7-,6".2,(
:,'+b,=.'0>( 2,-.F( O'"<313( 2"::&2.3/,13( *"7+,/,:3*@( +&.,:@'0&(
:,'+b,=.'0&( 2,-.0a( 9,*."( *( #-32:,+'01( ',7',9&'3&1a( #-&31$%&*./&''"( /(
2,9&*./&( ',$9'"A( "*'"/0( +:;( *&:@*2">"7;A*./&''"A( "?&'23( 7&1&:@( 3(
7&1:&$*.-"A*./,F( R( SWEV( X( SWEU( <<F( /#&-/0&( #";/3:3*@( "67"-'0&(
:,'+b,=.'0&( 2,-.0( ".+&:@'0>( -&*#$6:32( 3( "6:,*.&A( 2,2( d:&1&'.0(
*"+&-c,'3;( 2"1#:&2*'0>( ,.:,*"/F( R( SWES( <F( /( K&'3'<-,+*2"1( $'3/&-*3.&.&(
60:"(',9,."(*"*.,/:&'3&(K,'+b,=.'"A(2,-.0(4445(/(1,*b.,6&(SJU(TTT(TTTa(/(
SWEU(<F(-&7$:@.,.0(d."A(-,6".0(+"2:,+0/,:3*@(',(Y|(*n&7+&()&"<-,=39&*2"<"(
"6%&*./,( 3( ',( }}( O&c+$',-"+'"1( <&"<-,=39&*2"1( 2"'<-&**&( /( K"'+"'&

D

F( R(

SWES( X( SWED( <<F( K&'3'<-,+*231( 3( O"*2"/*231( $'3/&-*3.&.,13( 60:3(
"#$6:32"/,'0(

#&-/0&(

-$2"/"+*./,(

#"(

:,'+b,=.'"A(

*n&12&(

3(

2,-."<-,=3-"/,'38a( /( SWEI( <F( /0b:"( /( */&.( #&-/"&( $9&6'"&( #"*"63&( #"(
"*'"/,1(:,'+b,=."/&+&'3;F((

R(*/;73(*(*"7+,'3&1("67"-'0>(:,'+b,=.'0>(2,-.(/*.,:,(',((

S

/^,(+'5-$/`F(W>/g*'"/'0&(/"#-"*0(=3739&*2"A(<&"<-,=33F(KFa(SWIVF(4F(DVU(X(DVIF((

D

(K,'+b,=.',;(2,-.,(4445(+:;(/0*b3>($9&6'0>(7,/&+&'3A(/(1,*b.,6&(SJU(TTTTTT(37+,',():,/'01(

$#-,/:&'3&1(<&"+&733(3(2,-."<-,=33(#-3(4"/&.&(O3'3*.-"/(4445(:3b@(/(SWGG(<F((
(

UG(

(


background image

"9&-&+@( #-"6:&1,( 2:,**3=32,?33( :,'+b,=."/F( Q,36":&&( #"+-"6',;(
2:,**3=32,?3;(60:,(-,7-,6".,',(+:;(/*&A(.&--3."-33(4445(#-31&'3.&:@'"(2(
2,-.&( /( 1,*b.,6&( SJU( TTT( TTTF( R( O"*2"/*2"1( $'3/&-*3.&.&( 60:,( #-"/&+&',(
6":@b,;(-,6".,(#"(*3*.&1,.32&(M',("*'"/&(7"',:@'0>(3(*&2."-'0>(#-37',2"/P(
:,'+b,=."/(/*&A(*$b3F(5&7$:@.,.0(',b:3(*/"&(".-,c&'3&(',(2,-.,>(eL3732"]
<&"<-,=39&*2"<"(,.:,*,(O3-,f(MSWEUP(F((

R( "6:,*.3( =3732"]<&"<-,=39&*2"<"( -,A"'3-"/,'3;( -,**1,.-3/,&10A(

#&-3"+( .,2c&( >,-,2.&-37"/,:*;( 7',93.&:@'01( "c3/:&'3&1a( /( "*"6&''"*.3(
#"*:&( SWIE( <Fa( 2"<+,( ',9,:3*@( 1&c/$7"/*23&( -,6".0( #"( =3732"]
<&"<-,=39&*2"1$( -,A"'3-"/,'38( 4445( +:;( ?&:&A( #&-*#&2.3/'"<"(
#:,'3-"/,'3;( *&:@*2"<"( >"7;A*./,F( 4( SWES( <F( #$6:32$8.*;( -&7$:@.,.0( d.3>(
-,6".( /( /3+&( 1"'"<-,=3A( *( +&.,:@'01( "#3*,'3&1( =3732"]<&"<-,=39&*23>(
-,A"'"/(m&-'"7&1'"<"(?&'.-,a(Q&9&-'"7&1'"<"(?&'.-,a(4&/&-"]j,#,+,(4445(3(
+-F((

o*3:&'3&( 3'.&-&*,( 2( :,'+b,=."/&+&'38( ',6:8+,&.*;( #"*:&( /."-"A(

13-"/"A(/"A'0(/('&2"."-0>(7,-$6&c'0>(*.-,',>F(R(2"'?&(UT]>(X(',9,:&(IT]>(
<"+"/( "( :,'+b,=.&( +"/":@'"( 1'"<"( #3b$.( 7,#,+'"<&-1,'*23&a( ,( .,2c&(
,/*.-3A*23&( 3( b/&A?,-*23&( <&"<-,=0F( Q"( #"+( :,'+b,=."1( 313( '&-&+2"(
#"'31,:"*@( '&2"&( #-"37/":@'"( /0+&:&''"&( #-"*.-,'*./"a( ">/,.0/,8%&&( 2,2(
#-3-"+$a( .,2( 3( 9&:"/&2,( *( &<"( >"7;A*./"1( 3( 2$:@.$-"AF( Q,36":&&( 3'.&-&*'0(
/7<:;+0(CF(l-"::;(MSGWW(X(SW^IPa(-,7/3/,8%&<"(#-&+*.,/:&'3&("(:,'+b,=.&(
2,2( #-3-"+'"1( &+3'*./&a( 31&8%&1( &*.&*./&''0&( <-,'3?0F( l-":@( -,7:39,:(
1"-=":"<38(3(d2":"<38(:,'+b,=.,(M2(#"*:&+'&A("'(".'"*3:(=$'2?3"',:@'0A(
,',:37(:,'+b,=.,a(37$9&'3&(/7,31"+&A*./3;(2"1#"'&'."/a(6,:,'*,(/&%&*./,Pi(
"'( //&:( .,2c&( #"';.3&( "6( d2"."#&( 2,2( d:&1&'.,-'"A( ;9&A2&( :,'+b,=.,(
Md2/3/,:&'.(=,?33PF((

H**:&+"/,'3;(#"(ed2":"<33(:,'+b,=.,f(#":$93:3(-,7/3.3&(*(',9,:,(ET]>(

<"+"/( /( )!5F( g'3( .&*'"( */;70/,:3*@( *( 7,+,9,13( *&:@*2"<"( >"7;A*./,( 3(
<3+-"1&:3"-,?33a( 3( "*'"/'"&( /'31,'3&( "6-,%,:"*@( ',( /7,31"".'"b&'3;(
1&c+$( #"9/"Aa( -,*.3.&:@'"*.@8( 3( /"+'01( -&c31"1( /( -,7:39'0>( d2"."#,>F(
j',93.&:@'"&( 1&*."( /( -,6".,>( <&"<-,="/( )!5( 7,'31,8.( .,2c&( /"#-"*0(
.,2*"'"133( :,'+b,=.'0>( &+3'3?F( kF( Q&&=$( #-3',+:&c3.( 3+&;( .-&>(
e-,71&-'"*.&Afa( 3:3( $-"/'&Aa( :,'+b,=.'"A( 3&-,->33J( ."#":"<39&*2"<"(
M"+'"-"+',;( &+3'3?,a( .F( &F( d2"."#Pa( >"-":"<39&*2"<"( M"6n&+3'&'3;(
<&.&-"<&''0>(d2"."#"/(-,7'"<"(-,'<,a(3:3(<&">"-0P(3(<&"*=&-'"<"(M<&"*=&-,a(
.F(&F(<&"<-,=39&*2,;("6":"92,PF((

4(IT]>(<"+"/(:,'+b,=.'0&(3**:&+"/,'3;(-,7/3/,8.*;(/(N":@b&a(,(#"7+'&&(

X(3(/(+-$<3>(*.-,',>F((

o( <&"<-,="/( ,'<:";709'0>( *.-,'( $9&'3&( "( :,'+b,=.&( '&( #":@7$&.*;(

#"#$:;-'"*.@8a( "+',2"( 3+&;( #-3-"+'"<"( .&--3."-3,:@'"<"( 2"1#:&2*,(
*.3>3A'"( #-"63/,&.( *&6&( #$.@( ".( #-,2.323( #-32:,+'0>( .&--3."-3,:@'0>(
3**:&+"/,'3Aa(/("*"6&''"*.3(*(2"'?,(UT]>(<"+"/(/(4r`a(`/*.-,:33a(C,',+&F(R(
#-"?&**&( 37$9&'3;( #-3-"+'0>( -&*$-*"/a( 2:,**3=32,?33( 3( "?&'23(
*&:@*2">"7;A*./&''0>(7&1&:@a(3'](
(


background image

/&'.,-37,?33( :&*"/( #"*.&#&''"( /0-,6,.0/,:,*@( 1&."+32,a( 6:372,;( 2(

:,'+b,=.'"A( *n&12&i( 3**:&+"/,.&:3( *.,:3( #-3>"+3.@( 2( /0/"+$a( 9."(
'&"6>"+31"( /0;/:;.@a( 2,-.3-"/,.@( 3( "#3*0/,.@( d:&1&'.,-'0&( #-3-"+'0&(
2"1#:&2*0(M"'3(#":$93:3(-,7'0&(',7/,'3;J(•€•‚a(„…€•(†x‚†a(ƒ†…‡(„…€•PF((

Q,(j,#,+&(3+&;(/7,31"*/;73(2"1#"'&'."/(c3/"A(3('&c3/"A(#-3-"+0(9,*."(

*/;70/,&.*;('&(*(<&"<-,=3&Aa(,(*(d2":"<3&A(2,2($9&'3&1("6(d2"*3*.&1,>F(}".;(
/( ?&'.-&( /'31,'3;( d2":"<,( '&( <&"<-,=39&*23A( 2"1#:&2*a( ,( :3b@( &<"(
63".39&*2,;(9,*.@a(d2":"<3;(/(37/&*.'"A(1&-&(1"c&.(*#"*"6*./"/,.@(-,7/3.38(
2"1#:&2*'"<"( :,'+b,=.'"]<&"<-,=39&*2"<"( #"+>"+,( .,1a( <+&( +"( *3>( #"-(
<"*#"+*./"/,:(93*."(>"-":"<39&*23A(/7<:;+(',(<&"<-,=38F((

l,231( "6-,7"1a( /"( 1'"<3>( *.-,',>( j,#,+,( 3+&;( #-3-"+'"<"(

<&"<-,=39&*2"<"( 2"1#:&2*,( #-3/'"*3.*;( /( <&"<-,=38( 37/'&( X( 37(
#-,2.39&*2"<"("#0.,(3(d2":"<33F(

(

?-."#%#**2R'S&):'")A./&/0'()*$+),&-.#$#*/0(

k.,#0( -,7/3.3;( ',$23( '&( -,7+&:;8.*;( -&72313( /-&1&''013( -$6&c,13a( 3(

'&( /*&<+,( :&<2"( "#-&+&:3.@( 1"1&'.( *1&'0( "+'"<"( d.,#,( +-$<31F( g*"6&''"(
*:"c'"(',A.3(."92$(".*9&.,(+:;(e*"/-&1&''"<"f(d.,#,a(36"(.-$+'"(#-&+/3+&.@(
7',9&'3&( .&2$%3>( *"60.3A( 3( #-"?&**"/( +:;( +,:@'&Ab&<"( -,7/3.3;(
:,'+b,=."/&+&'3;F( K3b@( 6$+$%&&( #"2,c&.a( 2,23&( +"*.3c&'3;( #"*:&+'&<"(
/-&1&'3( "2,c$.*;( #&-&:"1'013F( 4&A9,*( c&( +"*.,."9'"( "#-&+&:&''"( 1"c'"(
$./&-c+,.@a( 9."( *$%&*./&''0A( #&-&:"1( /( -,7/3.33( :,'+b,=."/&+&'3;(
',1&.3:*;( "2":"( *&-&+3'0( ET]>( <"+"/a( 3( >".;( *( ."<"( /-&1&'3( $c&( #-"b:"(
'&1,:"(:&.a(6$+&1($*:"/'"(*93.,.@(&<"(',9,:"1(*"/-&1&''"<"(#&-3"+,F((

R(IT]>(X(',9,:&(ET]>(<"+"/(:,'+b,=."/&+&'3&(/(4445(#&-&c3/,:"(*/"&<"(

-"+,( 6$1a( "'"( #-3"6-&:"( >,-,2.&-( 1,**"/"<"( +/3c&'3;a( #-">"+3/b&<"( '&(
/*&<+,( ',( +":c'"1( #-"=&**3"',:@'"1( $-"/'&F( 5,7/3.3&( :,'+b,=."/&+&'3;( /(
.&( <"+0( b:"( d2*.&'*3/'"a( .F( &F( 6":@b&( /b3-@a( 9&1( /<:$6@F( R( #-"?&**&(
:,'+b,=.'"A( *n&123( =32*3-"/,:,*@( <:,/'01( "6-,7"1( *.,.39',;( 2,-.3',(
#-3-"+'0>( .&--3."-3,:@'0>( 2"1#:&2*"/a( '"( d."A( 2,-.3'&( '&+"*.,/,:"(
<:$63'0a( .F( &F( 7','3;( /'$.-&''3>( :,'+b,=.'0>( e1&>,'371"/f( 3( +3',1323F(
h%&( ',( YYY( R*&*"87'"1( *n&7+&( )&"<-,=39&*2"<"( "6%&*./,( 4445( 60:"(
#"+9&-2'$."( 7',9&'3&( +:;( :,'+b,=."/&+&'3;( *"/-&1&''0>( =3739&*23>( 3(
>3139&*23>( 1&."+"/a( ,( /( -&b&'3;>( Y|( *n&7+,( MSWEUP( <"/"-3.*;( "(
'&"6>"+31"*.3( *"7+,'3;( *&.3( 2"1#:&2*'0>( =3732"]<&"<-,=39&*23>( *.,'?3Aa(
"6"-$+"/,''0>( *"/-&1&''013( .&>'39&*2313( *-&+*./,13( ',6:8+&'3;a(
=32*,?33(3(1"+&:3-"/,'3;(#-"?&**"/F((

Q"/0&(*&-@&7'0&(7,+,93(#"*.,/3:,(#&-&+(:,'+b,=."/&+&'3&1(*,1,(c37'@F(

R(ET]>(<"+,>(/"(/*&1(13-&(:8+3(*.,:3(7,+$10/,.@*;(',+("6"-".'"A(*."-"'"A(
',$9'"].&>'39&*2"A( -&/":8?33J( /"/:&9&'3&( /( #-"37/"+*./"( "<-"1'"<"( 3( /*&(
-,*.$%&<"( 2":39&*./,( #-3-"+'0>( -&*$-*"/( #-3/&:"( 2( $<-"7&( #":'"<"(
3*."%&'3;(1'"<3>(37('3>($c&((
(

IT(

(