Файл: Исаченко А.Г. Ландшафтоведение и физико-географическое районирование 1991.pdf

(

(

'0&( 3( 1"-*23&( *""./&.*./&''"F( R"7'32,&.( 2"'.3'&'.,:@'"]"2&,'39&*23A(
#&-&'"*( /"7+$b'0>( 1,**a( 2"."-0A( 2,2( 60( ',2:,+0/,&.*;( ',( "6%$8(
M7"',:@'$8P( ?3-2$:;?38( ,.1"*=&-0( 3( *3:@'"( &&( $*:"c';&.F( !"*.,."9'"(
',#"1'3.@( "( 1$**"',>( X( 1"%'0>( /"7+$b'0>( #"."2,>a( 2"."-0&( :&."1(
$*.-&1:;8.*;( *( "2&,',( ',( 6":&&( ',<-&.$8( *$b$a( ,( 731"A( X( /( "6-,.'"1(
',#-,/:&'33F((

(

N":"c&'3&(

.&--3."-33(

/(

*3*.&1&(

2"'.3'&'.,:@'"]"2&,'39&*2"A(

Me,7"',:@'"AfP(?3-2$:;?33(,.1"*=&-0(*.,'"/3.*;("+'31(37(/,c'0>(=,2."-"/(
=3732"]<&"<-,=39&*2"A(+3==&-&'?3,?33F(N"(1&-&($+,:&'3;(".("2&,',(/(<:$6@(
1,.&-32,a(2,2(#-,/3:"a($1&'@b,&.*;(#"/."-;&1"*.@(1"-*23>(/"7+$b'0>(1,**a(
/"7-,*.,&.(2"'.3'&'.,:@('"*.@(2:31,.,a($1&'@b,&.*;(2":39&*./"("*,+2"/F((
!"#":'3.&:@'01( =,2."-"1( #&-&-,*#-&+&:&'3;( .&#:,( "2,70/,8.*;( 1"-*23&(
.&9&'3;a("6$*:"/:&''0&(<:,/'01("6-,7"1("6%&A(?3-2$:;?3&A(,.1"*=&-0a('"(
/(6":@b"A(*.&#&'3(7,/3*;%3&(".(-,*#":"c&'3;(1,.&-32"/(3(3>(2"'=3<$-,?33F(
l,1a(<+&(#-">"+;.(>":"+'0&(.&9&'3;a(#"/&->'"*.@("2&,',(&c&<"+'"(.&-;&.(+"(
DITT(O!cp1

D

(3(6":&&(.&#:,a(9."(#-&/0b,&.(3:3(-,/'"?&''"(7,.-,.,1(.&#:,(',(

3*#,-&'3&F( R( $1&-&''0>( b3-".,>( `.:,'.39&*2"<"( "2&,',( 7,( *9&.( .&#:"<"(
.&9&'3;( #"/&->'"*.@( "2&,',( +"#":'3.&:@'"( #":$9,&.( 6":&&( STTTa( ,( 1&*.,13(
6":&&( VTTT( O!cp1

D

F( m&-&7( ?3-2$:;?38( ,.1"*=&-0( 1"-*23&( .&9&'3;(

"2,70/,8.( *3:@'"&( /:3;'3&( ',( .&1#&-,.$-'0&( $*:"/3;( 3( $/:,c'&'3&(
#-3:&<,8%3>( 9,*.&A( 2"'.3'&'."/( M/( 9,*.'"*.3a( >":"+'0&( .&9&'3;( '&( .":@2"(
#"'3c,8.(.&1#&-,.$-$(/"7+$>,a('"($*$<$6:;8.(*$>"*.@(2:31,.,a(9."("*"6&''"(
;-2"(

/0-,c&'"(

/(

*=&-,>(

/:3;'3;(

N&-$,'*2"<"a(

B&'<&:@*2"<"a(

C,:3="-'3A*2"<"(.&9&'3AP(F((
l&1#&-,.$-'0A( d==&2.( 2"'.3'&'.,:@'"]"2&,'39&*2"<"( #&-&'"*,( /"7+$b'0>(
1,**("*"6&''"(-&72"(/0-,c&'(731"Aa(2"<+,(*$b,(*3:@'"(/0>":,c3/,&.*;(3(',+(
1,.&-32,13( /"7'32,8.( *&7"''0&( 1,2*31$10( +,/:&'3;F( R( d."( /-&1;(
#-3"2&,'39&*23&( -,A"'0a( #"+/&-c&''0&( /."-c&'3;1( 1"-*23>( /"7+$b'0>(
1,**( M<:,/'01( "6-,7"1( 7,#,+',;( #&-3=&-3;( 1,.&-32"/( /( #";*&( 7,#,+'"<"(
#&-&'"*,Pa( 7',93.&:@'"( .&#:&&( /'$.-32"'.3'&'.,:@'0>( .&--3."-3AF( l,2a(
-,7'3?,(1&c+$(*-&+'313(;'/,-*2313(.&1#&-,.$-,13(7,#,+'"A(42,'+3',/33(3(
/'$.-3<"-'0>(/#,+3'(4&/&-"]R"*."2,(4363-3a(:&c,%3>(',("+'"A(#,-,::&:3a(
+"*.3<,&.(U^“(4(M-3*F(SSP(F(K&."1(/(<:$63'&(1,.&-32,(.&#:&&a('"(-,7:393&('&(
.,2( /&:32"i( ',#-31&-a( /( v&'.-,:@'"A( s2$.33( ',( U( X( I“( 4( .&#:&&a( 9&1( ',(
7,#,+'"1(#"6&-&c@&(42,'+3',/33F((
g6"6%&''"&( #-&+*.,/:&'3&( "( *.&#&'3( "2&,'39&*2"<"( /:3;'3;( ',(
.&1#&-,.$-'0A( -&c31( 1,.&-32"/( +,8.( #"2,7,.&:3( 2"'.3'&'.,:@'"*.3(
2:31,.,F( 4$%&*./$8.( -,7:39'0&( *#"*"60( 2":39&*./&''"<"( /0-,c&'3;(
2"'.3'&'.,:@'"*.3F(Q,36":&&($+,9'0A(#"2,7,.&:@(#-&+:"c3:(QF(QF(H/,'"/(/(
SWIW(<F(k.".(#"2,7,.&:@(-,**93.0/,&.*;(#"(="-1$:&(

(

(

(

(

^S(

(

(

(

(

(

(

53*F(SSF(H71&'&'3;(2:31,.,(#"(+":<".&(/(.,&c'"A(7"'&(M-,7-&7(#"(#,-,::&](
:3(EU

!

(*F(bFPJ((

•3(X(*-&+';;(.&1#&-,.$-,(38:;a((•;(X(*-&+';;(.&1#&-,.$-,(;'/,-;a(x/8/<"+"/"&((
2":39&*./"("*,+2"/F(N$'2.3-'0&(:3'33(#-"/&+&'0(/(<"-'0>("6:,*.;>(

(

<+&( C( X( 2"'.3'&'.,:@'"*.@( /( #-"?&'.,>( ".( *-&+'&A( #:,'&.,-'"A( /&:393'0(
M2"."-,;(#-3';.,(7,(STT(tPi(`<(X(<"+"/,;(,1#:3.$+,(.&1#&-,.$-0(/"7+$>,i(`*(
X(*$."9',;(,1#:3.$+,(.&1#&-,.$-0(/"7+$>,i(!a(X('&+"*.,."2(".'"*3.&:@'"A(
/:,c'"*.3(/"7+$>,(/(*,10A(*$>"A(1&*;?i(h(X(b3-".,(#$'2.,F((
R&*@( +3,#,7"'( 2"'.3'&'.,:@'"*.3( 2:31,.,( +:;( 7&1'"<"( b,-,( -,763.( ,/."-"1(
',(ST(*.$#&'&A(M3:3(#";*"/(2"'.3'&'.,:@'"*.3PJ(

(

(

(

i1*6(#(

Ca(t(

SF( C-,A'&("2&,'39&*23A(

1&'&&(UG(

DF( g2&,'39&*23A(

UG]IE(

VF( o1&-&''"]"2&,'39&*23A(

I^]EG(

UF( O"-*2"A(

EW]GD(

IF( 4:,6"]1"-*2"A(

GV]STT(

EF( 4:,6"]2"'.3'&'.,:@'0Aa(

STT]SDS(

^F( o1&-&''"]2"'.3'&'.,:@'0A(

SDD]SUE(

GF( C"'.3'&'.,:@'0A(

SU^]S^^(

WF( 5&72"(2"'.3'&'.,:@'0A(

S^G]DSU(

STF(C-,A'&(2"'.3'&'.,:@'0A(

6":&&(DSU(

(

^D(

(

(

(

Q,( *>&1&( "6"6%&''"<"( 2"'.3'&'.,(

S

( M-3*F( SDP( #";*,( 2"'.3'&'.,:@'"*.3(

2:31,.,( -,*#":,<,8.*;( /( /3+&( 2"'?&'.-39&*23>( #":"*( '&#-,/3:@'"A( ="-10(
/"2-$<( 2-,A'&( 2"'.3'&'.,:@'"<"( ;+-,F( N"*:&+'&&( -,*9:&'&'"( ".'"*3.&:@'"(
1&'&&( 2"'.3'&'.,:@'"A( d2/,."-3,:@'"A( 7"'"A( ',( +/,( 1,**3/,( M/( 2,c+"1(
#":$b,-33PF( Q,( :86"A( b3-".&( 2"'.3'&'.,:@'"*.@( 2:31,.,( 371&';&.*;( /(
b3-"23>(#-&+&:,>F(

(

(

(

(

53*F(SDF(N";*,(2"'.3'&'.,:@'"*.3(',("6"6%&''"1(2"'.3'&'.&J(

S(X(ST(X(#";*,(2"'.3'&'.,:@'"*.3(2:31,.,(#"(QF(QF(H/,'"/$(

(

H7("6%&<"(2":39&*./,("*,+2"/a(/0#,+,8%3>(',+(1,.&-32,13a(-,/'"<"(STV(.0*F(
21

V

p<"+a( ,+/&2.3/'0&( "*,+23( *"*.,/:;8.( V^( .0*F( 21

V

p<"+a( ,( EE( .0*F( 21

V

p<"+(

/0#,+,&.( 7,( *9&.( 3*#,-&'3;( *( *$b3F( N"( 1&-&( #-"+/3c&'3;( /( <:$6@( *$b3(
1"-*23&( /"7+$b'0&( 1,**0( .&-;8.( /:,<$a( "*.,/:;;( 6":@b$8( 9,*.@( &&( ',(
#&-3=&-33(1,.&-32"/a(/("*"](

(

S

( Q,( *>&1&( 37"6-,c&',( /*;( *$b,( M6&7( `'.,-2.3+0Pa( *"6-,'',;( /( &+3'0A( 1,**3/( #$.&1(

*$113-"/,'3;(#:"%,+&A(1,.&-32"/(#"(b3-".'01(#";*,1F((
^V(

(

(

(

6&''"*.3(',("6-,%&''0>(2("2&,'$(*2:"',>(<"-'0>(>-&6."/F(R(#-&+&:,>(.,A<3(
',6:8+,8.*;( V( X( U]2-,.'0&( -,7:393;( /( 2":39&*./&( "*,+2"/( 1&c+$(
#-3,.:,'.39&*2313( 3( /'$.-31,.&-32"/013( :,'+b,=.,13( M*1F( -3*F( SSP( F( h%&(
2"'.-,*.'&&( *3.$,?3;( /( *$6.-"#39&*23>( 3( .-"#39&*23>( b3-".,>J( "63:@'0&(
1$**"''0&( "*,+23( ',( /"*."2&( 3( 2-,A';;( *$>"*.@( /( ?&'.-,:@'0>( 3( 7,#,+'0>(
"6:,*.;>a(#"+/&-c&''0>(/"7+&A*./38(2"'.3'&'.,:@'"<"(#,**,.,F((
C-"1&( .&#:,( 3( /:,<3( *( /"7+$b'013( #"."2,13( 37( "2&,',( ',( *$b$( #"*.$#,8.(
-,7:39'0&(*":3F(k.".(#-"?&**a(',7/,''0A()F(QF(R0*"?231(31#$:@/&-37,?3&Aa(
*:$c3.(/,c'&Ab&A(#-393'"A(7,*":&'3;(1'"<3>(,-3+'0>("6:,*.&AF((
K,'+b,=.'"]<&"<-,=39&*23&(

*:&+*./3;(

2"'.3'&'.,:@'"]"2&,'39&*2"A(

?3-2$:;?33( /"7+$b'0>( 1,**( 9-&7/09,A'"( 1'"<""6-,7'0F( oc&( +,/'"( 60:"(
7,1&9&'"a(9."(#"(1&-&($+,:&'3;(".("2&,'39&*23>(#"6&-&c3A(/(<:$6@(1,.&-32"/(
#-"3*>"+3.( 7,2"'"1&-',;( *1&',( -,*.3.&:@'0>( *""6%&*./a( c3/".'"<"(
',*&:&'3;a( #"9/&''0>( .3#"/F( RF( KF( C"1,-"/( /( SWDS( <F( ',7/,:( d."( ;/:&'3&(
1&-3+3"',:@'"A( 7"',:@'"*.@8F( R( ',*.";%&&( /-&1;( #-3';.( .&-13'(
,'-#$%5$,#7>/ 4&2."-]'"*.@( X( .,2,;( c&( /*&"6%,;( <&"<-,=39&*2,;(
7,2"'"1&-'"*.@a(2,2(3(7"',:@'"*.@F(O&c+$('313(7,1&.',('&2"."-,;(,',:"<3;F(
g+',2"( &*:3( /( b3-".'"]7"',:@'"A( *1&'&( #-3-"+'0>( ;/:&'3A( /,c'$8( -":@(
3<-,8.( 2,2( .&#:""6&*#&9&''"*.@a( .,2( 3( $/:,c'&'3&a( ."( <:,/'01( =,2."-"1(
*&2."-'"*.3( *:$c3.( $/:,c'&'3&F( j,#,*0( .&#:,( 371&';8.*;( #"( +":<".&( '&(
*.":@( *$%&*./&''"a( >".;( 3( d.3( 371&'&'3;( 3<-,8.( "#-&+&:&''$8( -":@( /(
+3==&-&'?3,?33(=3732"]<&"<-,=39&*23>(#-"?&**"/F((
RF( KF( C"1,-"/( *93.,:a( 9."( *:&+$&.( -,7:39,.@( ',( 1,.&-32,>( .-3(
e1&-3+3"',:@'0&( 7"'0f( X( 7,#,+'$8a( ?&'.-,:@'$8( 3( /"*."9'$8F(
R#"*:&+*./33(`F(HF(s$'#$.'3'@(-,7+&:3:(#"+"6'01(c&("6-,7"1(1,.&-323(',(
.-3( =3732"]<&"<-,=39&*23>( *&2."-,F( N-3( 6":&&( /'31,.&:@'"1( 37$9&'33(
*&2."-'"*.3( "2,7,:"*@a( 9."( /( -,7'0>( b3-".'0>( #";*,>( "',( /0-,c&',(
'&"+3',2"/"F( Q,36":&&( #":'0A( *#&2.-( *&2."-'0>( #&-&>"+"/( ',6:8+,&.*;( /(
$1&-&''0>( b3-".,>( h/-,733a( 9."( "6$*:"/:&'"( "<-"1'"A( #-".;c&''"*.@8(
*$b3( M#"9.3( ',( DTT( #"( +":<".&P( 3( "*"6&''"*.;13( ?3-2$:;?33( ,.1"*=&-0F(
B:,<"+,-;( #"*.";''"1$( #-3."2$( "2&,'39&*23>( /"7+$b'0>( 1,**( ',( 7,#,+&a(
<"*#"+*./$( 2"'.3'&'.,:@'"<"( /"7+$>,( /( R"*."9'"A( 4363-3( 3( v&'.-,:@'"A(
`733( 3( 1$**"''"A( ?3-2$:;?33( ',( /"*."9'"A( #&-3=&-33( 1,.&-32,( 7+&*@(
>"-"b"( /0-,c&'0( .-3( "*'"/'0>( +":<".'0>( *&2."-,F( g+',2"( /( *3:$( ',:393;(
2,2(60(*.$#&'9,.0>(#&-&>"+"/(1&c+$('313(',1&9,&.*;('&*2":@2"(".9&.:3/0>(
#-"1&c$."9'0>(*&2."-"/a(.,2(9."("6%&&(93*:"(*&2."-"/(*"*.,/:;&.('&(1&'&&(
*&13(M-3*F(SVP(F((
R( #";*&( #,**,."/a( <+&( <"*#"+*./$8.( /&.-0( *( /"*."9'"A( *"*.,/:;8%&Aa(
#$*.0'3( #-"*.3-,8.*;( ".( ?&'.-,( 1,.&-32,( /#:".@( +"( 7,#,+'0>( #"6&-&c3A( 3(
/:,c'0A( 7,#,+'0A( #-3"2&,'39&*23A( *&2."-( /0#,+,&.F( l":@2"( ',( /"*."9'"A(
"2-,3'&( *$b3( 6:,<"+,-;( 1$**"',1( #";/:;8.*;( :&*'0&( :,'+b,=.0F( l,231(
"6-,7"1a(*&2."-',;(*.-$2.$-,(.-"#39&](
^U(
(

(

(

(

(

(

53*F(SVF(4>&1,(7"',:@'"<"(3(*&2."-'"<"(+&:&'3;(*$b3(M"6"6%&''"<"(2"'.3'&'.,PF(
D'-#$%9Z/ Y( X( 7,#,+'0&( #-3"2&,'39&*23&a( YY( X( /"*."9'0&( #-3"2&,'39&*23&a( YYYX( *:,6"( 3( $1&-&''"(
2"'.3'&'.,:@'0&(#&-&>"+'0&a(cd/8/2"'.3'&'.,:@'0&(.3#39'0&a( d/8/-&72"(3(2-,A'&(2"'.3'&'.,:@'0&F(
_(54G()#59'/ :$59Z/ L/ 8/ :&*".$'+-"/,;a( D( X( #-3"2&,'39&*2,;( :&*"( :$<"/,;a( G( X( *$66"-&,:@',;(
b3-"2":3*./&''":&*',;a( j/ 8/ /:,c'"*$6.-"#39&*2,;( :&*',;a( \/ 8/ *-&+37&1'"1"-*2,;a( 6( X(
*$6.-"#39&*2,;(*.&#',;(3(:&*"*.&#',;a(k/8//:,c'".-"#39&*2,;(3(*$672/,."-3,:@',;(:&*',;a(l8/*.&#',;(
3( #":$#$*.0'',;( $1&-&''"<"( #";*,( 8c'"<"( #":$b,-3;a( m/ 8/ /:,c'":&*',;( $1&-&''"<"( #";*,( 8c'"<"(
#":$b,-3;F(4#:"b'0&(:3'33(X(<-,'3?0(7"'a(#$'2.3-X(<-,'3?0(*&2."-"/((

*2"<"(#";*,(-&72"(,*311&.-39',(3(2"'.-,*.',F(C-"1&(+/$>("*'"/'0>(*&2."-"/(
1"c'"( /0+&:3.@( #-"1&c$."9'0A( 2"'.3'&'.,:@'0A( *&2."-( *( #-&"6:,+,'3&1(
*,/,''"/0>(:,'+b,=."/F((
R( *$6.-"#39&*23>( b3-".,>( *&2."-',;( +3==&-&'?3,?3;( 31&&.( #&-&>"+'0A(
>,-,2.&-a('"(6:3c&a(#"c,:$Aa(2(.-"#39&*2"AF(R(*$6d2/,](

^I(

(