Файл: Исаченко А.Г. Ландшафтоведение и физико-географическое районирование 1991.pdf

(

(

-,>(X(.&1'">/"A'0&(37(-,7'0>(/3+"/(&:3a(#3>.0a(".9,*.3(37(2&+-"/"A(*"*'0a(
*( .-,/;'"]2$*.,-'392"/01( ;-$*"1( M9&-'32,a( <":$632,a( 23*:3?,( 3( +-FP( 3(
1">"/01(#"2-"/"1a(/(8c'"A(.,A<&(#&-3=&-39&*23>(*&2."-"/(X(*(#"+:&*2"1(
37( b3-"2":3*./&''0>( #"-"+F( Q,( :&<23>( 3( 2,1&'3*.0>( <-$'.,>(
-,*#-"*.-,'&'0( *"*'"/0&( :&*,F( Q,36":@b31( 6"<,.*./"1( /0+&:;&.*;(
#-3.3>""2&,'*2,;( *&/&-",1&-32,'*2,;( .,A<,( *( *3.>3'*2"A( &:@8( I•y‘zt/
wye‘’zvwywJ2/ 7,#,+'01( >&1:"2"1( IŠw•“t/ ’zezg€~’“xetJ2/ .$&A( <3<,'.*2"A( IŠ’•”t/
~xy‘tetJ/3(+-F((
l,&c',;( -,*.3.&:@'"*.@( "6&*#&93/,&.( c3/".'01( "63:3&( 2"-1"/( 3(
-,7'""6-,73&(1&*.""63.,'3AF(j+&*@(6":@b&("*&+:0>(c3/".'0>a(9&1(/(.$'+-&a(
6":@b&( 6&*#"7/"'"9'0>( M#-&31$%&*./&''"( *,#-"=,<"/a( ',*&:;8%3>(
#"+*.3:2$( 3( 3<-,8%3>( *$%&*./&''$8( -":@( /( 63":"<39&*2"1( 2-$<"/"-".&Pi(
#";/:;8.*;( '&2"."-0&( #-&*102,8%3&*;( 3( 7&1'"/"+'0&F( B":@b3'*./"(
1:&2"#3.,8%3>(.,A<3(-,*#-"*.-,'&'"(3(/(+-$<3>(7"',>F((
j,#,*0( 3( #-"+$2.3/'"*.@( 63"1,**0( /"7-,*.,8.( *( *&/&-,( ',( 8<( 3( ".(
/'$.-32"'.3'&'.,:@'0>( :,'+b,=."/( 2( #-3"2&,'39&*231F( !:;( #:,2"-'0>(
/"*."9'"&/-"#&A*23>( &:@'32"/( >,-,2.&-'0( *:&+$8%3&( /&:393'0( 7,#,*"/J(
*&/&-',;(.,A<,(X("2":"(SITa(*-&+';;(X("2":"(DITa(8c',;(X("2":"(VTT(.p<,i(
&c&<"+'0A( #-3-"*.( *""./&.*./&''"J( U( X( Ea( I( X( k/ 3( G( X( ST( .p<,F( o(
/"*."9'"*363-*23>( :3*./&''39'32"/( /*&( #"2,7,.&:3( *"2-,%,8.*;( #-31&-'"(
/+/"&( 3:3( 6":@b&F( l3#39'0A( .,&c'0A( :&*( #".-&6:;&.( &c&<"+'"( STT( X( DTT(
2<px†( >3139&*23>( d:&1&'."/a( 37( '3>( GT( X( SIT( 2<p<,( /"7/-,%,&.*;( *( "#,+"1F(
Q,2,#:3/,&.*;( 1"%',;( #"+*.3:2,a( /( 2"."-"A( *"+&-c3.*;( D( X( U( .p<,(
13'&-,:@'0>( d:&1&'."/F( N-3( -,7:"c&'33( "#,+,( "6-,7$8.*;( ,<-&**3/'0&(
=$:@/"23*:".0a( $*3:3/,8%3&( 13<-,?3"''$8( *#"*"6'"*.@( d:&1&'."/F(
}:"-3+0a( *$:@=,.0( 3( 2,-6"',.0( /0'"*;.*;( 7,( #-&+&:0( #"9/&''"<"( #-"=3:;F(
N"<:"%,8%3A(2"1#:&2*(#"+7":3*.0>(#"9/(-&72"('&',*0%&'("*'"/,'3;13F(R(
-&72"( 3( 2-,A'&( 2"'.3'&'.,:@'0>( 6"-&,:@'0>( :,'+b,=.,>( *"( *#:"b'"A(
1'"<":&.'&A( 1&-7:"."A( #"+7":3*.0A( #-"?&**( '&( -,7/3.( 3( ="-13-$8.*;(
1&-7:".'"].,&c'0&(#"9/0F((
4&7"''0A( ?32:( =$'2?3"'3-"/,'3;( .,&c'0>( <&"*3*.&1( 60:( +"*.,."9'"(
#"+-"6'"( -,**1".-&'( /( #-&+0+$%&A( <:,/&( M*1F( -3*F( US( X( UVPF( 4:&+$&.( :3b@(
".1&.3.@( *$%&*./&''0&( *&2."-'0&( -,7:393;F( l,2a( 731,( /( #-3,.:,'.39&*2"A(
7,#,+'"&/-"#&A*2"A( .,A<&( +:3.*;( "2":"( WT( +'&Aa( ,( /( /"*."9'"*363-*2"A(
*&/&-'"A( .,A<&( X( 6":&&( DTTi( -,7'3?,( /( #-"+":c3.&:@'"*.3( /&<&.,?3"''"<"(
#&-3"+,( X( ^T( X( GT( +'&AF( N"( 1&-&( $*3:&'3;( 2"'.3'&'.,:@'"*.3(
$2"-,93/,8.*;(#&-&>"+'0&(/&*&''3&(3("*&''3&(=,70F((
Q3c'3A(;-$*(<"-(/(.,A<&(#-&+*.,/:&'(<"-'".,&c'01(#";*"1(M/(*&/&-'"A(.,A<&(
X(+"(VTT(X(ETTa(/(*-&+'&A(X(+"(ETT(X(STTTa(/(8c'"A(X(+"(STTT(X(SVTT(1PF(
R( *-&+'&<"-@;>( &<"( *1&';&.( #";*( -&+2":&*3Aa( 2-3/":&*3Aa( 2$*.,-'32"/a(
*.:,'32"/( M+"( ETT( X( GTT( 1( ',( *&/&-&a( SVTT( X( SITT( 1( ',( 8<&PF( R0b&(
-,*#":"c&'0(

<"-'0&(

.$'+-0(

3(

<":@?0F(

R(

d2*#"73?3"''0>(

*&/&-",1&-32,'*23>(3(*2,'+3',/*23>(.,&c'0>(<"-,>(-,7/3."(":&+&'&'3&F((
f-"#)(3*-G7=WW-"#)(3*2#'

4:-$&)#@*2#9'

()*$+),&2;'

N"+.,&c'0&(

:,'+b,=.0(".:39,8.*;(".(.,&c'0>(#"/0b&''"A(.&#:""6&*#&](

DUE(

(

(

(

9&''"*.@8(M

"e

ST

(+"(DTTT(X(DDTT

!(4Pa($/:,c'&'3&('&*2":@2"(*'3c,&.*;a('"a(2,2(

#-,/3:"a( "*,+23( #-&/0b,8.( 3*#,-;&1"*.@F( N"( *.&#&'3( 2"'.3'&'.,:@'"*.3(
-,7:39,8.*;( .3#0a( ,',:"<39'0&( .,&c'01F( Q,36":&&( .3#39'"( #"+.,&c'0&(
:,'+b,=.0( #-&+*.,/:&'0( /( R"*."9'"A( h/-"#&( Mi

2

”E(

#^K/ g|ITT( #%^TT( 11a(

n|ITT/8/ETT(11PF(j+&*@(&*.&*./&''0A(#"2-"/("6-,7"/,'(*1&b,''013(:&*,13(
*( &:@8( M',( /"*."2&( .,2c&( #3>."AP( /( /&->'&1( ;-$*&( 3( b3-"2":3*./&''013(
M:3#,a( +$6a( ;*&'@a( 2:&'a( /;7P( /( #"+:&*2&( 3:3( '3c'&1( #"+n;-$*&( +-&/"*.";F( R(
c3/".'"1( ',*&:&'33( ',-;+$( *( .,&c'013( /3+,13( #";/:;8.*;( #-&+*.,/3.&:3(
b3-"2":3*./&''0>( :&*"/i( 6"<,9&( =,$',( 6&*#"7/"'"9'0>F( j,#,*0( =3."1,**0(
6:3723(2(VTT(.p<,a(#-"+$2.3/'"*.@X("2":"(SD(.p<,(M1&*.,13(6":@b&PF(4("#,+"1(
&c&<"+'"( #"*.$#,&.( DTT( X( UTT( 2<p<,( 7":@'0>( d:&1&'."/F( g#,+( -,7:,<,&.*;(
60*.-&&a( 9&1( /( .,A<&i( /( *"*.,/&( <$1$*,( ',-;+$( *( =$:@/"23*:".,13(
#-3*$.*./$8.( $:@13'"/0&( 23*:".0a( 2"."-0&( 9,*.39'"( */;70/,8.*;( *(
"*'"/,'3;13( 3( "*,c+,8.*;( /( #&-&<'"A'"1( <"-37"'.&F( j"',:@'0&( #"9/0( X(
+&-'"/"]#"+7":3*.0&F((
Q,36":&&(

6:3723A(

,',:"<(

/"*."9'"&/-"#&A*2"A(

#"+.,A<3(

X(

*&/&-",1&-32,'*2,;(#-3,.:,'.39&*2,;(M:,/-&'.3A*2,;P(#"+.,A<,a('"(:&*,(7+&*@(
6"<,9&( #"( *"*.,/$a( ,( #"9/0( 6:3723( 2( 6$-01( :&*'01F( j,#,+'"*363-*2,;(
#"+.,A<,(X(.3#39'"(2"'.3'&'.,:@',;a(*(6&-&7"/"]"*3'"/013(:&*,13a(*&-013(
:&*'01( #"9/,13a( *3:@'"A( 7,6":"9&''"*.@8( 3( #-37',2,13( "*.&#'&'3;F( h&(
,',:"<( X( ?&'.-,:@'"2,',+*2,;( #"+.,A<,( *( '&$*."A93/01( $/:,c'&'3&1( 3(
#,-2"/013( "*3''32,13F( Q,( !,:@'&1( R"*."2&( /( #"+.,˜<&( "6',-$c3/,8.*;(
#&-&>"+0(".(-&72"(2"'.3'&'.,:@'"<"(.3#,(*(:&*,13(37(:3*./&''3?0()1&:3',(3(
+$6,( 1"'<":@*2"<"( 2( $1&-&''"( 2"'.3'&'.,:@'"1$( 1$**"''"1$( .3#$( *(
6"<,.013(b3-"2":3*./&''"].&1'">/"A'013(:&*,13(',(6$-0>(:&*'0>(#"9/,>F(
g9&'@( -"/'01a( #-">:,+'01( 3( /:,c'01( 2:31,."1( Mi

2

”( ”V

#Ua( U”SU#SI!( 4a(

i

$

–DP( /0+&:;8.*;( '&6":@b3&( #:"%,+3( *( :,'+b,=.,13( #"+.,&c'"<"( .3#,( ',(

*&/&-&( r".:,'+33( 3( 8<"7,#,+&( 42,'+3',/33a( *( *"*'"/013( 3( 6&-&7"/013(
:&*,13a( ',:393&1( /&9'"7&:&'0>( &-32( Ibgy‘tJ/ 37( /&-&*2"/0>a( 3'.&'*3/'01(
."-=""6-,7"/,'3&1F((
N"(>,-,2.&-$(*&7"''"A(*.-$2.$-0(#"+.,&c'0&(:,'+b,=.0(6:3723(-/.,&c'01(
M*1F( -3*F( UVPa( '"( ".:39,8.*;( 6":@b&A( +:3.&:@'"*.@8( ,2.3/'0>( =,7( 3( 1&'&&(
#-"+":c3.&:@'"A(731"AF((
Q372"<"-@;( /( #"+.,&c'0>( :,'+b,=.,>( 7,';.0( /( "*'"/'"1( .&1'">/"A'013(
:&*,13( M+"( ^TT( X( GTT( 1Pa( +:;( *-&+'&<"-'"<"( ;-$*,( >,-,2.&-'0( 7,-"*:3(
2$*.,-'32"/(3:3(/&-&%,.'323i(2"&]<+&(M/(r".:,'+*2"1(',<"-@&(/0b&(WTT(1P(
/0-,c&'0( =-,<1&'.0( /0*"2"<"-@;( *( 2,1&'3*.013( -"**0#;13( 3(
,-2.",:@#3A*2313(<-$##3-"/2,13F((
R( 2,9&*./&( ".+,:&''"<"( ,',:"<,( #"+.,&c'0>( :,'+b,=."/( *&/&-'"<"(
#":$b,-3;( 1"c'"( -,**1,.-3/,.@( 6,-@&-'"]+"c+&/0&( :,'+b,=.0( 7,#,+'"<"(
*2:"',( N,.,<"'*23>( `'+( 8c'&&( UG

!( 8F( bF( C:31,.( 7+&*@( "2&,'39&*23Aa(

3*2:893.&:@'"( -"/'0A( 3( /:,c'0A( *( .&#:"A( 731"Aa( '"( "9&'@( #-">:,+'01(
:&."1( Mi

2

”S

#Da( g/ –( DTTT( 11a( e

S

/ "2":"( I

!( 4a( e

D

/ "2":"( ST

!( 4P( F( )"*#"+*./$8.(

<$*.0&a( '"( '372"*./":@'0&( *1&b,''0&( :&*,( 37( :3*."#,+'0>( 8c'0>( 6$2"/(
M-"+(„€e’€ht“•wJ/(

DU^(

(

(

(

3( >/"A'0>( X( d*&+-"( Iay…€‘zug•wJ2/ '"<"#:"+'32,( I•€u€‘tg~•wJ2/ *( <$*.01(
#"+:&*2"1a( "63:3&1( #,#"-".'32"/a( -,7'".-,/@;a( 1>"/( 3( :3b,A'32"/F( K&*,(
#"+'31,8.*;( /( <"-0( +"( STTT( X( SDTT( 1( ',( *&/&-&( 3( +"( UTT( 1( ',( 8<&F( R0b&(
-,7/3."(1"%'"&(":&+&'&'3&a(2"'?0(:&+'32"/('&-&+2"(*#$*2,8.*;(/(1"-&F(

(

?=WW-"#)(3*2#'()*$+),&2''
4&/:/6*2#'/':#"#>-$*2#'8'7=W&"-:/6#78/%9(

C( *$66"-&,:@'"A( *&-33( ".'&*&'0( :,'+b,=.0( .&#:"$1&-&''"<"( #";*,( M`”(
SITT

#DTTTT( O!cp1

D

a(

"e

ST(

”( DTTT

#VGTT!( 4P( F( o/:,c'&'3&( /( d."1( #";*&(

2":&6:&.*;( /( "9&'@( b3-"2"1( +3,#,7"'&a( /( */;73( *( 9&1( 7+&*@( #-&+*.,/:&'(
#":'0A( -;+( :,'+b,=.'0>( .3#"/( X( ".( <$13+'0>( +"( 2-,A'&( ,-3+'0>F( N-3(
+,:@'&Ab&1($/&:39&'33(-,+3,?3"''"<"(6,:,'*,(3(.&#:""6&*#&9&''"*.3(M

"e

ST

”(

VGTT

#ITTT!( 4P( #";/:;8.*;( #-37',23( #&-&>"+,( 2( *$6.-"#32,1i( 8c'0&(

*$66"-&,:@'0&( Me#":$]*$6.-"#39&*23&fP( :,'+b,=.0( .,2c&( -,7'""6-,7'0( 3(
2"'.-,*.'0(#"($/:,c'&'38F((

?=WW-"#)(3*2#' 5=%/$*2#' 4+/"-8-(/7&.#**-(#7*2#9' ()*$+),&2;' k.3(
:,'+b,=.0( .;<".&8.( 2( #-3"2&,'39&*231( *&2."-,1F( R( h/-"#&( "'3(
#-&+*.,/:&'0( .-&1;( .3#,13F( Q,36":&&( 1;<231( 3( /:,c'01( 2:31,."1(
>,-,2.&-37$8.*;(7,#,+'"&/-"#&A*23&(:,'+b,=.0(Mi

2

”V

#Ia(e

S

/".(T(+"(I(X(^

!/42/

g|^TT

#GTT(11P(*(+/$1;(#"+.3#,13(X(*&/&-'01(M"e

ST

”SGTT

#DGTT!%4P(3(8c'01(

M

"e

ST

”DGTT

#VETT!%4PF(

v&'.-,:@'"&/-"#&A*23&(

:,'+b,=.0(

X(

*:,6"(

2"'.3'&'.,:@'0&(Mi

2

”Ea(ey/".(T(+"(X(I

!(4Pa("*,+23('&*2":@2"(*"2-,%,8.*;(3(

i

$

( 1"c&.( 60.@( '&*2":@2"( '3c&( SaTi( 7,#,*0( .&#:,( $/&:393/,8.*;(

M

"e”DITT#VETT!(4PF(j+&*@(.,2c&(/0-,c&'0(*&/&-'0A(3(8c'0A(#"+.3#0F(

!,:&&(',(/"*."2(,-&,:(*$66"-&,:@'0>(<$13+'0>(:,'+b,=."/(-&72"(*$c,&.*;a(
3( "'3( #-&+*.,/:&'0( /"*."9'"&/-"#&A*231( .3#"1a( 2"."-0A( #-"*.3-,&.*;(
#-&-0/3*."A(#":"*"A(+"(o-,:,(Mi

2

”^

#Ga(e

S

(X(MI

#SUP!(4a("e

ST

”DDTT

#DITT!(4PF(

4$66"-&,:@'0&(1$**"''0&(:,'+b,=.0(',("F(}"'*8(3(',(*&/&-&("F(}"22,A+"(X(
$1&-&''"( 2"'.3'&'.,:@'0&( Mi

2

( |kK/ e

S

( ”( X( MS

#VP!( 4a( e

D

”DD

#DU!( 4i(

"e

ST

”VTTT

#VITT!(4Pa(*("63:@'013("*,+2,13(/(.&9&'3&(/*&<"(<"+,(Mg|STTT#DTTT(

11PF(Q,(#-3:&<,8%&A(9,*.3(1,.&-32,(2"'.3'&'.,:@'"*.@(60*.-"(/"7-,*.,&.(2(
7,#,+$(+"(W(X(ST]A(*.$#&'3a(e

S

/#"'3c,&.*;(+"(X(DTa(X(DU

!(4a(g/8/+"(ETT#ITT(

11(M*(-&7231(:&.'31(1,2*31$1"1(3(/&*&''31(+&=3?3."1(/:,<3PF((
R( N-3,.:,'.39&*2"1( *&2."-&( 4&/&-'"A( `1&-323( 1"c'"( -,7:39,.@( +/,( .3#,(
*$66"-&,:@'0>(<$13+'0>(:,'+b,=."/(X($1&-&''"(2"'.3'&'.,:@'0A(Mi

2

”^P(3(

.3#39'"(2"'.3'&'.,:@'0A(Mi

2

”GPF(l".(3(+-$<"A(>,-,2.&-37$8.*;(".'"*3.&:@'"(

/0*"2"A(.&#:"](3(/:,<""6&*#&9&''"*.@8(M

"e

ST

”DGTT

#UTTT!(4a(g”GTT#SSTT(11Pa(

'"(731,(7+&*@(+"/":@'"(>":"+',;(Me

S

(”(X(MST

#SSP!(4PF((

Q,36":&&( *#&?3=39'0( 6,-@&-'"]+"c+&/0&( #-3.3>""2&,'*23&( *&/&-"]( 3(
8c'",1&-32,'*23&a( ,( .,2c&( .,*1,'3A*2"]'"/"7&:,'+*23&( *$66"-&,:@'0&(
:,'+b,=.0(*(3*2:893.&:@'"(/:,c'01(Mg|DTTT

#%

DUG(

(

(

(

#UTTT(11Pa("9&'@(-"/'01(Mi

2

”S

#IPa('"(#-">:,+'01(M"e

ST

(”DTTT

#VTTT!(4a(e

S

/8/

+"(U(X(G

!(4a(e

D

”SV(

#SE!(4P(2:31,."1F((

4$66"-&,:@'0&(<$13+'0&(:,'+b,=.0(#-3(/*&1(3>(-,7'""6-,733(31&8.(1'"<"(
"6%&<"F( N&-3"+( ,2.3/'"<"( =$'2?3"'3-"/,'3;( <&"*3*.&1( 7+&*@( ',( IT( X( ET(
+'&A( 6":@b&a( 9&1( /( 6"-&,:@'0>( :,'+b,=.,>a( ,2.3/'&&( /:,<""6"-".a(
>3139&*2"&( /0/&.-3/,'3&a( 63":"<39&*23A( 2-$<"/"-".F( 5,*.3.&:@'"*.@(
#-&+*.,/:&',( 1&7"=3:@'013( :3*."#,+'013( b3-"2":3*./&''013( :&*,13( *(
1'"<313("6%313(-"+,13(+&-&/@&/(M+$6a(6$2a(:3#,a(2:&'a(/;7a(;*&'@a(<-,6Pa('"(
/"*."9'",73,.*23&( 3( *&/&-",1&-32,'*23&( :&*,( 6"<,9&( &/-"#&A*23>F( R(
e+"c+&/0>f( #-3.3>""2&,'*23>( :&*,>( 4&/&-'"A( `1&-323( 1'"<"( >/"A'0>a(
"*"6&''"(/0+&:;&.*;("<-"1',;(M+"(SDI(1P(+$<:,*3;(M•wz•u€ew•“t/et•yh€xytP/>/!:;(
b3-"2":3*./&''0>( :&*"/( 8c'"<"( #":$b,-3;( >,-,2.&-'0( /&9'"7&:&'0&(
8c'0&(6$23(M„€e’€ht“•wP/3(1'"<3&(+-$<3&(+-&/&*'0&(#"-"+0F((
j,#,*0( 63"1,**0( b3-"2":3*./&''0>( :&*"/( "609'"( VTTX( ETT( .p<,a( <"+39',;(
#-"+$2?3;( X( ST( X( SE( .p<,( M/( #-3.3>""2&,'*23>( :&*,>( *( +$<:,*3&A( 7,#,*0(
+"*.3<,8.( STTT( X( SDTT( .p<,( 3( 6":&&a( #-3( #-"+$2.3/'"*.3( SS( X( SE( .p<,P( F( R(
.3#39'0>($*:"/3;>(#".-&6:&'3&(>3139&*23>(d:&1&'."/(*"*.,/:;&.(VTT(X(ITT(
2<p<,a(*("#,+"1(/"7/-,%,&.*;(DIT(X(VIT(.p<,F((
•3/".'0A( 13-( b3-"2":3*./&''0>( :&*"/( *&/&-'"<"( #":$b,-3;( /( ?&:"1(
"+'".3#&'F( 4-&+3( 1:&2"#3.,8%3>( &*.@( 2-$#'0&( -,*.3.&:@'";+'0&i( /(
#-3"2&,'39&*23>( :,'+b,=.,>a( <+&( '&.( 1"%'"<"( *'&c'"<"( #"2-"/,a(
6:,<"#-3;.'0( $*:"/3;( +:;( 2"#0.'0>( M":&'@a( 2"*$:;a( 2,6,'PF( N"9/,( 3(
#"+*.3:2,(',*0%&'0(6&*#"7/"'"9'013F(!"(WTt(/*&A(7""1,**0(#-3>"+3.*;(',(
+"c+&/0>( 9&-/&AF( B":@b31( */"&"6-,73&1a( 1'"<"93*:&''013( d'+&132,13(
".:39,&.*;( =,$',( 8c'",1&-32,'*23>( *$66"-&,:@'0>( :&*"/i( +-&/';;( =,$',( *(
/0*"231(d'+&1371"1(*/"A*./&'',(:&*,1(Q"/"A(j&:,'+33F((
`2.3/'0A( 63":"<39&*23A( 2-$<"/"-".( d:&1&'."/( M"*"6&''"( 2,:@?3;P( 3(
132-"63":"<39&*2,;( +&;.&:@'"*.@( *#"*"6*./$8.( ',2"#:&'38( /( #"9/&( <$1$*,(
M+"(E(X(GtPa("#-&+&:;8.(/0*"2$8(',*0%&''"*.@("*'"/,'3;13a(*:,6"23*:$8(
3:3(+,c&('&A.-,:@'$8(-&,2?38(#"9/&''0>(-,*./"-"/F(l3#39'0(6$-0&(:&*'0&(
#"9/0a(,(+:;(',36":&&(2"'.3'&'.,:@'0>(/"*."9'"&/-"#&A*23>(:,'+b,=."/(X(
*&-0&(:&*'0&F((
4>"+*./,( 3( -,7:393;( .3#"/( b3-"2":3*./&''":&*'0>( :,'+b,=."/( ;-2"(
/0-,c&'0(/(3>(*&7"''"A(-3.132&(M-3*F(ITPF(R(7,#,+'"&/-"#&A*23>(:,'+b,=.,>(
731,( *( 2-,.2"/-&1&''01( M'&( &c&<"+'01P( *'&c'01( #"2-"/"1a( *"*.";'3&1(
#"2";( /( -,*.3.&:@'"1( 13-&a( 6&7:3*.'01( ,*#&2."1( /( :&*,>( +:3.*;( "609'"( *(
',9,:,( +&2,6-;( +"( =&/-,:;F( R( /"*."9'"&/-"#&A*23>( b3-"2":3*./&''":&*'0>(
:,'+b,=.,>( 731"A( "6-,7$&.*;( $*."A93/0A( *'&c'0A( #"2-"/a( 2"."-0A(
+&-c3.*;( ".( ETX( GT( +'&A( ',( 7,#,+&( +"( SVT( X( SUT( +'&A( M*"( /."-"A( +&2,+0(
'";6-;(+"(*&-&+3'0(,#-&:;P(',(/"*."2&F(5,''&/&*&'';;(=,7,a(2"<+,(7,?/&.,8.(
:&%3',a(":@>,(3(+-$<3&(-,''&?/&.$%3&(-,*.&'3;a(/(#-3,.:,'.39&*23>(-,A"',>(
',93',&.*;( /( *&-&+3'&( =&/-,:;( 3:3( +,c&( /( 2"'?&( ;'/,-;a( ,( /(
/"*."9'"&/-"#&A*23>( X( .":@2"( /( ,#-&:&F( B":@b3'*./"( b3-"2":3*./&''0>(
+&-&/@&/( ',93',&.( 7&:&'&.@( #"*:&( #&-&>"+,( .&1#&-,.$-0( 9&-&7( ST

!( 4( 3(

"2"'9,'3;(7,1"-"72"/(M$(+$6,(#&-/0&(:3*.@;((

DUW(

(

(

(

(

(

(

53*F(ITF(4&7"''0&(*#&2.-0(*$66"-&,:@'0>(<$13+'0>(:,'+b,=."/J(

S( X( $*."A93/0A( *'&c'0A( #"2-"/a( D( X( '&$*."A93/0A( *'&c'0A( #"2-"/a( V( X( -,''&/&*&'';;( 3( #"7+'&"*&'';;(
6&**'&c'0&(=,70a(U(X(-,7<,-(/&<&.,?33(+-&/&*'"A(-,*.3.&:@'"*.3a(I(X(-,*?/&93/,'3&(3(:3*."#,+(+&-&/@&/a(E(
X(#&-&>"+0(*-&+'3>(*$."9'0>(.&1#&-,.$-a(c8/†cc(X(1&*;?0(

(

#";/:;8.*;( /"( /."-"A( #":"/3'&( ,#-&:;( ',( 8<&( v&'.-,:@'"&/-"#&A*2"<"(
*&2."-,a(/"(/."-"A(#":"/3'&(1,;(X(/(R"*."9'"&/-"#&A*2"1PF(R(1,.&-32"/0>(
:,'+b,=.,>(/&*'"A(3(/(',9,:&(:&.,("%$%,&.*;('&+"*.,."2(,.1"*=&-'"A(/:,<3F(
5,*?/&93/,'3&( :3*."#,+'0>( +&-&/@&/( ',93',&.*;( #"*:&( *'3c&'3;( *-&+'&A(
.&1#&-,.$-0( /"7+$>,( +"( SI

!( 4( M/( ',9,:&( *&'.;6-;( /( *&/&-'0>( 3( /"*."9'0>(

-,A"',>a(/(#&-/"A(#":"/3'&("2.;6-;(X(/(8c'0>PF(K3*."#,+(7,2,'93/,&.*;(#-3(
*-&+'&A( .&1#&-,.$-&( "2":"( I

!( 4( M2"'&?( "2.;6-;( ',( /"*."2&a( #&-/,;]/."-,;(

+&2,+,(+&2,6-;(',(8<&(3(7,#,+&PF((
4&/&-",1&-32,'*23&( #-3,.:,'.39&*23&( b3-"2":3*./&''":&*'0&( :,'+b,=.0(
#"( *&7"''"A( -3.132&( 6:3723( 2( ?&'.-,:@'"&/-"#&A*231a( ,( 6":&&(
2"'.3'&'.,:@'0&(

X(

2(

/"*."9'"&/-"#&A*231F(

R"*."9'",73,.*2"1$(

M+,:@'&/"*."9'"1$P(.3#$(#-3*$%(1$**"''0A(-&c31(*(-&72"A(2"'.-,*.'"*.@8(
"*'"/'0>(*&7"'"/F((
R0*".',;( #";*'"*.@( ',36":&&( #":'"( #-&+*.,/:&',( /( `:@#,>a( C,-#,.,>( 3( ',(
*&/&-"]7,#,+'"1(*2:"'&(B":@b"<"(C,/2,7,F(Q3c'3A(;-$*(<"-(M+"(ETT(X(GTT(1P(
7,'31,8.(<"-'0&(b3-"2":3*./&''0&(:&*,(*(<"*#"+*./"1(+$6"/F(R(*-&+'&<"-@&(
'3c'3A(#";*(>,-,2.&-37$&.*;(6$2"/013(:&*,13(M+"(STTT(X(SITT(1Pa(/&->'3A(
X( .&1'">/"A'013( M+"( SETT( X( DDTT( 1PF( R( /0*"2"<"-'"1( ;-$*&( *1&';8.*;(
#";*,J( SP( *$6,:@#3A*23>( 2-3/":&*3Aa( 2$*.,-'32"/( M-"+"+&'+-"'"/P( 3(
/0*"2".-,/'0>(:$<"/(M+"(DTTT(X(DUTT(1Pa(DP('372".-,/'0>(,:@#3A*23>(:$<"/(
M+"(DITT(X(VTTT(1Pa(VP(*$6'3/,:@'0>(*2,:(3(2,1&'3*.0>(-"**0#&A(3(UP(<"-'0>(
:&+'32"/F( 4'&<"/,;( :3'3;( /( l,.-,>( :&c3.( ',( /0*".&( DVTT( 1a( /( ?&'.-,:@'"A(
9,*.3(`:@#(X(VTTT(X(VVTT(1F((
?=WW-"#)(3*2#' 7#%/5=%/$*2#' 4(#7-7&#:*2#9' ()*$+),&2;' K&*"*.&#'0&(
:,'+b,=.0( */"A*./&''0( 2"'.3'&'.,:@'01( *&2."-,1( 1,.&-32"/F( N"( 7,#,*,1(
.&#:,( "'3( 1,:"( ".:39,8.*;( ".( b3-"2":3*./&''":&*'0>a( '"( $*.$#,8.( 31( #"(
/:,<""6&*#&9&''"*.3( Mi

$

”TaE

#SaTPa( .,2( 9."( ',( #:,2"-,>( :&*,( #"*.&#&''"(

3*9&7,8.( 3( *1&';8.*;( :$<"/013( *.&#;13( ',( #"9/,>( 9&-'"7&1'"<"( .3#,F( R(
R"*."9'"A( h/-"#&( 3( j,#,+'"A( 4363-3( :&*"*.&#'0&( :,'+b,=.0( "6-,7$8.(
>"-"b"(/0-,c&''$8((

DIT(

(