Файл: Л.А. Бердюгина Английский язык. Контрольные работы для студентов заочной формы обучения.pdf

Businessmen are those beople who start a company and should take business risks. This decision making group is delegating responsibilities to subbordinates.

3.Such organizations as General Electric and Proctor & Gamble typically have a number of levels of management. The most common view is taking into account three basic levels: top, middle and first-line managers.

4.Top managers: president, vice-president, chief executive officer, managing director make up a small group executives, who controls the organization. Middle managers (plant manager, operating managers, head of a department ) form a larger group of managers in most organizations. The company”s usual requirement is the following: the middle manager should conduct the policies and plans developed by top management.

5.First-line managers (foreman, supervisor, office manager) typically spend a large portion of their time supervising the work of operating employees. Managers of different levels may be engaged in various areas within a company In any given firm there may be a marketing, finance, product, personnel, administrative and other kinnds of management at all three levels.

II. Выпишите из 1-го абзаца текста предложение, содержащее субъектный инфинитивный оборот и переведите его.

III. Прочитайте 5-й абзац текста и ответьте письменно на вопрос: What areas of management do you know?

ВАРИАНТ Ш

I. Прочтите и переведите текст. Перепишите и переведите 2, 3 и 4-й абзацы.

Пояснения к тексту host computer – главная ЭВМ

encode – (за)кодировать

THE INTERNET

1. The Internet, a global computer network which embraces millions of users all over the world, began in the United States in 1969 as a military experiment. It was designed to survive a nuclear war. Information sent over the Internet takes the shortest path available from one computer to another. 2. Most of the Internet host computers (more than 50%) are in the United States,

66

while the rest are located in more than 100 other countries. Although the number of host computers can be counted fairly accurately, nobody knows exactly how many people use the Internet, there are millions, and their number is growing by thousands each month worldwide.

3.E-mail is cosidered to be most popular Internet service. Most of the people,who have access to the Internet, use the network only for sending and receiving e-mail messages. However, other popular services are available on the Internet.

4.Commercial users can communicate over the Internet with the rest of the world and can do it very cheaply. When they send e-mail messages, they only have to pay for phone calls to their local service providers, not for calls across their countries or around the world. But saving money is only the first step. If people see that they can make money from the Internet, commercial use of this network will drastically increase.

5.However, there are some problems. The most important is security. When you send an e-mail message to somebody, this message can travel through many different networks and computers. The data is constantly being directed towards its destination by special computers. Because of this, it is possible to get into any of computers along the route and even change the data being sent over the Internet. In spite of the fact that there are many strong encoding programs available, nearly all the information being sent over the Internet is transmitted without any form of encoding. But when it becomes necessary to send important information over the network, these encoding programs may be useful.

II. Выпишите из 1-го абзаца предложение, содержащее причастие II в функции определения, и переведите его.

III. Прочитайте 5-й абзац текста и письменно ответьте на следующий вопрос:

What are encoding programs used for?

ВАРИАНТ IV

I. Прочитайте и переведите текст. Перепишите и переведите 1,2 и 4-й абзацы.

67

FIFTY MILLION RUSSIANS LIVE ON POISONED LAND

1.Nearly a third of the people in Russia, or 50 million, live on lands affected by dioxins, formidable poisons. This was announced at the international conference on the protection from persistent organic pollutants. 132 countries took part at this conference. Nearly all the speakers maintain that dioxins are not simply a subject of debate among a narrow circle of specialists, but quite a real threat to the longevity of humanity.

2.Dioxin-generating factories are scattered all over Russia, and they are unlikely to be scrapped in the coming few years. It is impossible to retool production overnight. In order to survive, it is necessary to discontinue the use of molecular chlorine in industry. The experience of industrialized countries shows that such reforms take at least 15 years. In addition, there should be laws prohibiting production of new dioxin-containing substances.

3.Part of the problem also lies, in building dioxins. Military people suggested at one time that dioxins be dumped into shafts and destroyed by plasma explosions, or better still, be packed in containers and rocketed into space.

4.Despite the fact that the government approved a special federal program called “Protection from Dioxins and Dioxin-like-Toxicants” in 1995, funds for it were immediately slashed and the program itself was soon forgotten. Like in the case of ozone-destroying freons, Russia once again is running a risk of posing a threat to its neighbors.

5.Dioxins are poisons that attack all types of living cells, even in small concentrations. In man, they cause sterility, congenital pathologies, cancer and diseases ranging from allergies to scleroses. Industrial enterprises of

68

practically all types, especially chemical and paper plants, produce dioxins. The biggest emission of dioxins in the environment occurred during the 1960 s and 1970 s as a result of an expanded production of bleached paper and some other products involving the use of chlorine.

II. Перепишите из 2-го абзаца предложение, содержащее субъектный инфинитивный оборот, и переведите его.

III. Прочитайте 5-й абзац текста и ответьте письменно на следующий вопрос:

What caused the greatest emission of dioxins in the environment?

ВАРИАНТ V

I. Прочтите и переведите текст. Перепишите и переведите 1, 2 и 4-й абзац.

1. From the earliest time people have been trying to do several things simultaneously. They can read a book, cook dinner, talk on the phone, and do many other things at the same time. As car has become available, the time of multitasking has increased: people drive, listen to the radio, eat, and smoke in the cars at the same time.

2.Now an arsenal of new technogy (from notebook computers to cellular phones and portable televisions) makes possible for everyone to multitask all day.

3.The computer industry is considerd to introduce the word “multitasking” to the vocabulary. Mainframe computers that handled networks were the original multitaskers. The computer industry is concidered to have introduced the word “multitasking” to the vocabulary networks handled by computers were the original multitaskers. Today millions of people can set their per-

69

sonal computers to multitask while they are themselves multitask: talking on the phone, receiving faxes, and looking through newspapers at the same time.

4.While multitasking is not bad for computers, it may be a bad thing for some people. Psychologists say it is possible for the human brain to process two or more tasks at the same time, but only one of them receives sharp attention. Multitasking makes stressful lives of people more stressgul. Experts say that although a lot of people believe that multitasking enchances their productivity, in fact it can reduce it.

5.Because of the limitation of human brain, multitasking can lead to time may put the wrong number in a sheet or send a message to the wrong e-mail address. Moreover, people on the other end of the linedon’t usually like to talk to a person who is doing something else while talking to them. It may alienate the people from the multitasker.

II. Перепишите из 3-го абзаца предложение, содержащее сложное подлежащее, и переведите его.

III. Прочтите 4-й абзац текста и письменно ответьте на следующий вопрос:

How can multitasking influence people’s health?

70

В разработке использованы следующие источники:

1. Brian Abbs, Ingrid Freebairn. Blueprint. Longman, 1996.

2.Focus on Britain. Foreign and Commonwealth office, UK, 1993.

3.Hill L.A., Fielden R.D. Further Comprehension and Pieces for Overseas Students.

4.Maura Christopher, Anne Cusack. Portrait of the USA. United States Information Agency, 1997.

5.Raymond Murphy. English Grammar in Use. Cambridge University Press, 1994.

6.Баракова М.Л. Учебник английского языка для технических вузов.

М.: Высш. шк., 1977.

7.Коротких Г.И. Пособие по английскому для студентов экономических факультетов университетов и институтов. М-во общего и проф. образования РФ; КемГУ. Кемерово, 1997.

8.Нестерчук Г.В., Иванова В.М. США и американцы. Минск: Высш.

шк., 1997.

9.Орловская И.В., Самсонова Л.С., Скубриева А.И. Учебник английского языка для технических университетов и вузов. М.: МГТУ,

1997.

10.Полякова Т.Ю., Синявская Е.В. и др. Английский язык для инженеров. М.: Высш. шк., 1998.

11.Португалов В.Д. Учебник по английскому языку. М.: Изд-во АСТ,

1998

12.Сикорская Н.П. Учебник английского языка для поступающих в вузы. М.: Высш. шк., 1992.

71

Составители

Лидия Абрамовна Бердюгина Маргарита Михайловна Герасимцева Марина Николаевна Леонова Наталья Анатольевна Заостровская. Ольга Владимировна Пачкова

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК

КОНТРОЛЬНЫЕ РАБОТЫ ДЛЯ СТУДЕНТОВ ЗАОЧНОЙ ФОРМЫ ОБУЧЕНИЯ

Редактор З.М. Савина

ЛР № 020313 от 23.12.36

Подписано в печать 06.12.2000 Формат 60х84/16. Бумага офсетная. Отпечатано на ризографе. Уч. изд. л.4,00. Тираж 100 экз. Заказ

Кузбасский государственный технический университет. 650025, Кемерово ул. Весенняя, 28.

Типография Кузбасского государственного технического университета.

650099, Кемерово, ул. Д. Бедного, 4а.

72