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psychologist – психолог |
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seсretary – секретарь |
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electronics engineer – инженер- |
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sociologist – социолог |
электронщик |
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Ex. II. Read and translate the text
WHAT’S AN OCCUPATION?
An occupation is a business, trade or employment that occupies one’s time either permanently or as a hobby. It’s an activity, of any kind for which a person has the necessary qualifications and training: “I am a teacher by occupation, and he is by occupation a taxi-driver”.
What is a “trade”? A trade is a way of making a living, especially a handicraft (ремесло). We say that he is a tailor (портной) or a carpenter (столяр) by trade.
There are different trade schools that teach trades, for example: cooking, furniture-making, all these trades are important and useful. Why not learn the trade of a turner (токарь), a fitter (слесарь) or a bricklayer? Workers of these trades are always in great demand.
What is a “profession”? It is an occupation requiring advanced education and special training. For example: the law, architecture, teaching, medicine. We say: “He is a lawyer by profession”.
Ex. III. Read and translate the dialogues |
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1. – What do you do, Mr. Brown? |
2. – What’s your occupation? |
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I’m an engineer. |
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I’m a lawyer. |
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And what does your father do? |
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And what’s your wife’s job? |
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He is a farmer. |
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Oh, she is a sociologist. |
Ex. IV. Read the dialogue and make the similar dialogues using the prompt words in section ‘b’.
a)– What’s your job?
–I’m still (еще) a student. I’m going to become an
economist. I’d like to work for a private firm.
–And what does Oleg do?
b)JOBS: a taxi-driver, a saleswoman, an engineer, a company director, a lawyer, a doctor, a sociologist.
PLACES of WORK:
In an office, at school, at a college, on TV, in a hospital, at a factory,
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– Oh, he is a miner. -Where does he work? -He works at a mine.
at a mine, for a private firm, at a shop.
Ex. V. Find out what your new friend does, what his profession or trade is. You are asked similar questions.
Ex. VI. Answer the following questions.
1.What occupations (jobs) are popular in towns? (and in villages?)
2.What jobs require higher education? (and only vocational training?
профессиональная подготовка).
3.What jobs are more popular with men? (women?)
4.Are all careers open to women in Russia or is there a sex discrimination in training for a position?
5.Is it difficult for women to combine a career with a family? If “yes”, why?
6.Where do people study to get a profession of a doctor (economist, lawyer, manager)?
7.Where do people train to become a manager (a lawyer, a secretary, a driver)?
8.Is there any state system of giving jobs to those who graduate from Russian universities or does each graduate have to get a job himself?
9.What jobs are highly paid in Russia?
10.What jobs deal with (имеют дело с...) people (machines, documents)?
11.What jobs would you never choose and why?
12.Do you have to pay for your education? If “yes”, how much do you pay for it?
13.Would you rather work for a large corporation or for a small business? (In your answer use: “I’d like to be a big fish in a little pond” or “I’d like to be a little fish in a big pond”.
14.Do you think that education is important for the progress of a nation?
15.Do many people (young or old) have some extra part-time job to earn for living?
Ex. VII. Read the texts and answer the questions. Say your opinion on the problems.
U.S. Life
A.Before Word War II, most American women did not work outside the home. Between 1941 and 1945, more than 6 million women took jobs
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outside the home for the first time. Since then, the number of women in the workplace has greatly increased. In most American families, both the husband and wife must work in order to afford a home or college education for their children.
As recently as 1970 public-opinion polls (опрос) indicated that most American men did not want their wives to work outside the home. But today, most husbands approve of their wives having a job. In fact, the majority of American wives now work outside the home. About 60% (per cent) of mothers with children under the age of six are now employed. And about 70% of mothers with school-age children are now working too.
Do many mothers in your country work outside the home?
How do men in your country feel about their wives having work?
Are two incomes (доход) usually necessary to support a family in Russia?
B.Many Americans change their jobs during their lifetime. In fact some Americans even change careers one or more times. For example, someone who has been a teacher for fifteen years might decide to quit (оставить) that profession in order to begin a restaurant business. Or a banker might decide to go back to school to study law. You sometimes meet older Americans who have tried several careers in their lifetime.
Do people in Russia often change jobs? Why?
How many jobs do you think you will have in your lifetime? Why?
C.Many teenagers in Britain and the United States work in their spare time for money. Very often they take a job to help their families. Sometimes they do it to have money for their vacations or to buy something. Many American teenagers work as counselors (воспитатель, вожатый) in summer camps for young children. Some teens may work in supermarkets or in fast-food restaurants. Others have jobs as messenger’s, delivery people (курьеры), or salesclerks. Occasionally, teenagers work at some of these jobs during the school year as well as during the summer.
1)Why do teenagers in Britain and in the United States work in their spare (свободное) time?
2)What jobs do they take?
3)Do they work every day?
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4)How much money do they get for their work?
5)Do teenagers work in Russia?
What jobs do they take and how much money do they get?
6)Have you ever worked in your spare time and where?
7)What do you think of the problem?
D.Here is a dialogue between two American teenagers, Carol, a girl, and Johnny, a boy. They are talking about their part-time jobs.
Johnny: Where do you work in your spare time, Carol? Carol: At the baker’s shop at the corner of my street:
J:How did you get the job?
C: Oh, it was easy. I went in there one Saturday morning and the lady who owns (владеет) the shop told me how busy she was every Saturday. I offered (предлагать) to come to help her and she was very glad.
J: How much do you get?
C: Oh, not much. She pays me two dollars an hour. So if I work for 8 hours, I get 16 dollars.
J: Well, that’s pretty good for one day’s work. I only get 12 dollars a week for working every morning.
C: I didn’t know you worked too What do you do?
J: I do a newspaper round (распространять газеты). I have to get up at half past six every morning.
C: And what about Sundays?
J: Oh, Sunday is the busiest day of all. Everyone has more papers on Sunday. But it’s worth it (стоит этого) I gave the music store a deposit on a new guitar last week.
C: I’m trying to save for a vacation in France. I want to go with my friend Jenny, who goes baby-sitting two evenings a week. She gets 3 dollars a night for that and what she does is to sit and watch television with the children.
J: I wish 1 could do that.
How do people ask each other to do things?
Study the following chart.
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REQUESTS ( ПРОСЬБЫ )
1) |
Could |
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Can |
you |
…………, (please)? |
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Would |
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Will |
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will |
you ? |
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2) |
………, |
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would |
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3) |
Would you mind |
(do) ing …. ? |
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4) |
Do you think you could (possibly) …. ? |
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5) |
I was wondering |
if you could …. ? |
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I wonder |
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REPLIES |
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Agreeing |
(Согласие) |
Refusing(Отказ) |
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1) |
Here you are. |
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1) I’m sorry. I’m afraid |
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2) |
Yes, sure. |
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I can’t. (Give a reason.) |
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Yes, certainly. |
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2) I wish I could but … |
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Yes, of course. |
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(Give a reason.) |
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3) |
All right. |
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4) |
OK. |
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5) |
Gladly /willingly/ with pleasure. |
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6) |
Not at all. |
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Ex. I. Read and practice the following flashes of conversation. Work in pairs.
1.A Could you pass me the salt? B Certainly. Here you are.
A Thank you.
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2.A Would you be quiet, please? I’m trying to concentrate. B All right.
3.A Can you keep a seat for me, please? B Gladly.
A Thanks.
4.A Will you do me a favour? B Yes, sure. What is it?
A Call up the restaurant and reserve a table for six, please.
B OK.
AThank you.
5.A Reserve a single room for me at a hotel, will you?
BWith pleasure.
AThank you very much.
6.A Turn that wretched music down, would you? B Oh, all right.
7.A Would you mind coming to the office a little earlier? B No, not at all.
A Thank you.
8. A I wonder if you could wait for me here?
BI’m sorry, I can’t. I’m late.
9.A Do you think you could lend me two or three pounds? B I wish I could but I haven’t any money on me at all.
Ex. II. Practice requests from the following table.
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turn the television on / off |
Could you |
water the flowers |
Can you |
air the room |
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wash the windows |
Would you |
make the bed |
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Will you |
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iron my blouse |
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tidy the room |
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lay the table |
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put on the kettle |
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buy some biscuits |
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open the bottle |
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clear the table |
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do the washing up |
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Ex. III. Change the orders into polite requests. Let your friend agree or refuse.
Example:
Answer the telephone.
ADo you think you could answer the telephone? or I wonder if you could answer the telephone?
BYes, of course. or
I’m afraid, I can’t. I’m busy at the moment.
1. Pick me up at the office. 2. Give me a lift. 3. Drop me near the station. 4. Keep an eye on my luggage. 5. Give me a light. 6. Give me a hand. 7. Look after my cat while I’m away. 8. Fix the TV set. 9. Come before ten. 10. Bring my CDs back tomorrow. 11. Speak to the point. 12. Lend me some money.
Ex. IV. Make up two-line dialogues according to the model. Model: It’s cold. close the window
A:Would you mind closing the window? It’s cold in here.
B:Yes, of course.
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You are hot. |
open the window |
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It’s noisy outside. |
close the door |
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You’re tired. |
take a taxi |
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You can’t hear well. |
speak louder |
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You don’t understand. |
say it again |
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The weather is fine. |
walk to the office |
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7.You’ve left your glasses at home. read these papers
8.You don’t quite understand the
notice. |
translate it to you |
9. You’re thirsty. |
make you a cup of tea |
Ex. V. There are two dialogues, but they are mixed up. Sort them out, and put them in the right order.
In Dialogue 1, Mr Monroe and Mrs Walsh are talking in an office. In Dialogue 2, Ned is talking to a friend of his, Jamie, at home. The first line of each dialogue has been given to you.
Dialogue 1 |
Dialogue |
2 |
1 Mrs Walsh (k) |
1 Ned (c) |
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a.I’ll certainly help if I can.
b.Here you are.
c.Jamie, could you give me a hand?
d.OK. I’m coming.
e.Yes, Mrs Walsh. What is it?
f.Thank you very much. That’s very kind.
g.Well, I have a bit of a problem. I was wondering if you could help me.
h.What do you want? I’m busy.
i.Thanks.
j.I need to go to the airport after work. Do you think you could give me a lift?
k.Excuse me, Mr Monroe. Have you got a minute?
l.I’m trying to fix this door and I need something.
m.Of course. I drive past it on my way home.
n.Can you see that screwdriver over there? Can you give it to me?
Ex. VI. Reading
David Hill, a psychologist, continues his series “HOW TO BE YOURSELF”. This time he looks at “HOW YOU GET WHAT YOU WANT”
People often complain that they never seem to get what they want. The simple reason is that they don’t ask for it clearly enough. If you don’t make a clear request, the other person won’t know what you want. If you simply sigh
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heavily in front of the television, how will your partner know that you want him or her to turn it off?
Another problem is that people often say “yes” when they want to say “no”. The trouble is that they want people to like them. They also worry too much about what others think of them. “What will they think of me if I say no?”, or “What will she think of me if I say I don’t want to go to her party?” Of course we want others to like us, but it’s important to realise that the world won’t come to an end if someone disapproves of us.
Read the text and answer the questions.
1.Why don’t people get what they want?
2.What will happen if you don’t make a clear request?
3.Why do people often say “yes” when they want to say “no”?
4.What else do they worry about?
5.What do people think will happen if someone disapproves of them?
What do you think the speaker really means in each of the sentences below? Change them into “clear requests”.
1.Oh dear. There’s a lot of washing up to do. Could you do the washing up?
2.It’s very cold in here.
……….
3.Do you really like rock music?
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4.Oh dear, I haven’t got my money with me.
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5.I think I can hear the phone.
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6.A cup of tea would be nice.
……….
Ex. VII. Social situations.
Make up two-line dialogues for the following situations.
Example. You are in a room, feeling very hot. What do you say to the person sitting near the window?
You: Excuse me! Could you open the window, please? B: Yes, of course.