Файл: О.А. Ставцева Английский язык. Методические указания и устные материалы для выполнения контрольных работ №1, 2, 3 для студентов заочного обучения горно-строительного профиля.pdf

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The country is rich in iron ore, non-ferrous metals, coal, natural gas and other resources.

4.It is one of the world’s greatest manufacturers of power, coal and oil, motor vehicles and aircraft and some other products. Besides machinery, automobiles and other industrial goods, the USA exports agricultural products, especially cotton, wheat, maize.

5.Training qualified personnel for national economy is done by different higher schools. There is no national system of higher education in the United States. Its separate institutions range from two-year colleges to complex universities, from technical institutes to classical liberal arts (гуманитарный) colleges. The institutions may be small or large, rural or urban, private or public, highly selective or open to all. They offer courses in all fields and areas of national economy. Another function of universities is to organize a wide-scale research. There are even special research institutes within some of the universities. One of the main scientific centers is the National Academy of Sciences which is doing research in eleven areas: mathematics, astronomy, physics, chemistry, geology and others.

VIII. Прочитайте 1-й абзац текста и ответьте на вопрос: Why is there a wide variety of climates in the USA? Запишите и переведите вопрос и ответ.

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 2

Для выполнения этой работы используйте следующие разделы курса.

1.Видо-временные формы сказуемого в пассивном (страдательном) залоге. Особенности перевода пассивных конструкций.

2.Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты.

3.Грамматические функции и значения слова it.

4.Простые формы причастия (Participle I, Participle II) в самостоятельных функциях определения и обстоятельства.

5.Простая форма герундия (Gerund).

6.Придаточные предложения: определительные, дополнительные, обстоятельственные (времени и условия).

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Вариант 1

I.Запишите предложения. Выпишите из них сказуемые, определите их видо-временные формы и залог. Переведите, обращая особое внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций.

1.The commission will consider this offer carefully before accepting it.

2.Science and engineering make a wide use of synthetic materials in electronic instruments.

3.Before the experiment the substances are mixed in a large cup.

4.The results of this research work were often referred to by the professor.

II.Запишите предложения. Выпишите из них причастия, укажите их вид (Participle I или Participle II) и определите их самостоятельную функцию (определение или обстоятельство). Переведите.

1.Kerosene is the fuel used in jet engines.

2.The lecturer told the students about the laboratory’s staff experimenting with new plastic substances.

3.Solar batteries, when used in spaceships, convert solar energy into electricity.

4.While using this electronic device the engineer found a new solution of this complex problem.

III.Запишите предложения и подчеркните в них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите.

1.You should try to find out as many facts as possible about this expedition to the Antarctic.

2.The team of experts is to analyze the present situation connected with our city’s ecological problems.

3.The young engineer was allowed to apply the mobile equipment in his field experiments.

4.This production process had to be further improved by new technical means.

IV. Запишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на разные значения слова it.

1.It is said that the first settlement on the banks on the Moskva river was founded some 2,500 years ago.

2.It is Los Angeles which leads the world in measures to reduce smog.

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3.When the wind blows out over the ocean, it sweeps away pollutants.

V. Прочитайте весь текст и постарайтесь понять его содержание. Перепишите и письменно переведите абзацы 1, 2, 3 и 4.

JAMES WATT

1.James Watt (1736-1819), a Scottish inventor and mechanical engineer, is known for his improvements of the steam engine used at that time to pump out water from mines. He became interested in the engine of this type when working as an instrument-maker.

2.Watt determined the properties of steam, especially the relation of its density to its temperature and pressure, and designed a condensing chamber for the engine that prevented large losses of steam in the cylinder. Watt’s first patent (1769) covered this device and some other improvements on steam engine.

3.For some years he was working together with John Roebuck, another inventor, financing Watt’s researches. In 1775, however, Roebuck’s interest was taken over by the manufacturer and the owner of the Engineering (механический) Works at Birmingham. It was at this works where Watt and Roebuck began to manufacture steam engines.

4.Continuing his research Watt patented several other important inventions, including the rotary engine for driving various types of machinery, the double-action engine, and the steam indicator recording the steam pressure in the engine. Watt retired from the firm in 1800 and since that time he could devote himself entirely to research work.

5.The misconception that Watt was the actual inventor of the steam engine was because of his fundamental contributions to its development and improvement. The centrifugal governor invented by him in 1788, is of particular interest today. It is a device providing automatic regulation of the engine speed. It embodies the feedback principle of a servomechanism, linking output to input, which is the basic concept of automation. The watt, the unit of power, was named in his honor. Watt was also a well-known civil engineer. In 1767 by adapting telescopes he invented an attachment used in the measurement of distances.

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VI. Просмотрите 5-й абзац текста и ответьте на вопрос: Do James Watt’s numerous inventions belong to a single or to different areas of man’s activity? Запишите и переведите вопрос и ответ.

Вариант 2

I.Запишите предложения. Выпишите из них сказуемые, определите их видо-временные формы и залог. Переведите, обращая особое внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций.

1.Last month the workers fulfilled the plan ahead of schedule.

2.The delegation of German miners will come to our region to share experience with our workers.

3.This unique apparatus has been invented by one of our engineers.

4.The discovery of protons in 1911 was followed by the attempts of different scientists to explain the atom’s structure.

II.Запишите предложения. Выпишите из них причастия, укажите их вид (Participle I или Participle II) определите их самостоятельную функцию (определение или обстоятельство). Переведите.

1.The students studying at Kuzbass Technical University are to have practical training at mines, construction sites, chemical plants and other enterprises.

2.When asked about the plan the chief engineer said that it had been fulfilled in time.

3.Working at the device in the laboratory, the engineers were regularly testing it at the plant.

4.Ultrasonic techniques used in industry opens wide possibilities for the automatic control.

III. Запишите предложения и подчеркните в них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите.

1.The mechanical shop of our plant was to be reconstructed.

2.He is a skilful worker who can operate practically any type of machinetools (станок).

3.Everyone working at the plant should know safety rules.

4.In view of reconstruction works old equipment will have to be replaced within a month.

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IV. Запишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на разные значения слова it.

1.It is the country’s natural wealth that determines the structure of its national economy.

2.It was proved that wastes from industrial enterprises have a dangerous effect on the environment.

3.When the temperature had been measured it was written down in the

table.

V.Прочитайте весь текст и постарайтесь понять его содержание. Перепишите и письменно переведите абзацы 2, 3 и 4.

JAMES CLERK MAXWELL

1.James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879), a great physicist and mathematician, was born in Edinburg, Scotland. After school he entered the University of that city. Then he attended the University of Cambridge and graduated from it in 1854. When at the University Maxwell took great interest in mathematics and optics.

2.For two years after the University Maxwell worked at Trinity College combining lecturing and making experiments in optics. At the same time he studied much himself. He became a professor of natural philosophy (1856) and in some ten years a professor of physics and astronomy. When working at the King’s College (London) he met Faraday for the first time.

3.In 1871 Maxwell became professor of experimental physics at Cambridge. At that time students could not have such subjects as electricity or magnetism as there was no laboratory for studying them. Such a laboratory organized by Maxwell made Cambridge world-known.

4.This was a very fruitful period of Maxwell’s life. He was engaged in studying the problems of electromagnetism, molecular physics, optics, mechanics and others. The most outstanding investigations, however, were made in the field of the kinetic theory of gases and electricity. Maxwell is called the founder of the electromagnetic field (together with Faraday) and the electromagnetic theory of light. His famous work on electricity and magnetism was published in 1873. During these years he also wrote his classic “Matter and Motion”, a small book on a great subject, and many articles on other problems.

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5. Maxwell wrote his first scientific work when he was fifteen. Since that time he published a great number of works based on the results of his experiments and calculations. Maxwell’s works on the kinetic theory of gases, the theory of heat, dynamics and the mathematical theory of electricity and magnetism are monuments to his great genius.

VI. Просмотрите 5-й абзац текста и закончите предложение James Clerk Maxwell became a world-known scientist..., выбрав вариант, соот-

ветствующий его содержанию. Запишите и переведите полученное предложение.

1.… because he developed theoretical principles of experimental physics.

2.… because his scientific works were based on his own experiments.

3.… because he published his first scientific work at the age of fifteen.

Вариант 3

I.Запишите предложения. Выпишите из них сказуемые, определите их видо-временные формы и залог. Переведите, обращая особое внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций.

1.Ruserford’s lectures were always attended by a great number of students and young scientists.

2.Electric power will flow over the electric transition lines all over the country.

3.Ultrasonic techniques is being widely used to identify defects in metal products.

4.They will have completed the construction of a deep-level tunnel by autumn.

II.Запишите предложения. Выпишите из них причастия, укажите их вид (Participle I или Participle II) и определите их самостоятельную функцию (определение или обстоятельство). Переведите.

1.When put into operation the atomic power station had a capacity of 1,500,000 kilowatt.

2.Designing new mining machines engineers should pay attention to geological conditions of mines.

3.Lava was flowing down the hill destroying everything in its way.

4.The problem discussed at the conference is of vital importance for our region.

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III. Запишите предложения и подчеркните в них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите.

1.As a skilled worker he could easily start and stop every kind of engine.

2.This research work may require much money and time.

3.Such instruments were to be used to make measurements and to express these measurements in physical units.

4.Chemists will have to use new ultrasonic instruments to accelerate chemical reactions.

IV. Запишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на разные значения слова it.

1.When the pressure had been increased it exceeded the technological limits.

2.Nylon was obtained in 1938. It is a synthetic material and it is widely used for making fabrics.

3.It was necessary to review some aspects of the problem once again.

V. Прочитайте весь текст и постарайтесь понять его содержание. Перепишите и письменно переведите абзацы 2, 4 и 5.

ERNEST RUTHERFORD

1.Rutherford’s 42 years of active research work, which only ended at his death in 1937, resulted in important advances in the theory of “atomic energy” as we know it today. It all began with Becquerel’s accident discovery of radioactivity in 1896, which was soon followed by the Curies’ isolation of polonium and radium. The whole scientific world knows that this great discovery opened up new scientific fields awaiting to be conquered.

2.Many scientists from different countries became interested in the new field of radioactivity. One of them was the young New Zealander, Ernest Rutherford, who at the age of 27 (1898) was appointed to the chair of physics at the University of Montreal. It was him who made a great number of really important discoveries.

3.The first of his great researches was made in Montreal and led him to formulate the laws of radioactive transformations. Perhaps the greatest of all Rutherford’s discoveries was made at Manchester, where he went in 1907. This was the nuclear model of the atom.

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4.The main part of the radioactive transformation theory was the spontaneous transformation of one nucleus into another but the artificial transformation of nuclei was achieved only in 1919. This experiment, marking the beginning of modern nuclear physics, was made by Rutherford himself with simple apparatus and one assistant.

5.The splitting of atom has opened to man a new and enormous source of energy because in the splitting process the nucleus matter is converted into energy. But before nuclear energy (now officially miscalled atomic energy) could be used, two more major discoveries were needed. These were the discovery of the neutron and of the fission (деление) of uranium nucleus made by James Chadwick (Чедвик) and Otto Hahn (Ган), respectively. The last one was made after Rutherford’s death.

VI. Просмотрите 1-й абзац текста и ответьте на вопрос: Was Becquerel’s discovery of radioactivity based on the Curies’ discovery of radium? Запишите и переведите вопрос и ответ.

Вариант 4

I.Запишите предложения. Выпишите из них сказуемые, определите их видо-временные формы и залог. Переведите, обращая особое внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций.

1.Many scientists from different countries entered the new field of radioactivity.

2.Automation is being increasingly used in all branches of national economy.

3.It is not surprising that every great discovery is much spoken about.

4.High speed electronic machines have introduced great changes in making mathematical calculations.

II.Запишите предложения. Выпишите из них причастия, укажите их вид (Participle I или Participle II) и определите их самостоятельную функцию (определение или обстоятельство). Переведите.

1.It took the builders three years to complete the construction of the channel linking the two seas.

2.The results received will be of great importance for their further work.

3.When studying elements Mendeleev found that they could be divided into nine groups.