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.
12-13%.
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50
60%,
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55%)
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13%),
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92%.
100%.
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.
83%.
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,
(
(
. Weiskrantz, 1982))
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,
,
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,
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.
. 27.1.1 (
.
27.1):
(
)
,
(
.
(Parkin, 1984) (
.
d)).
4.
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,
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: 1)
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,
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.
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,
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) (
.
Swerdlow & Koob, 1987).
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. Anderson, 1985; Klimesch, 1994).
,
,
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,
«
»?
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,
«
»
?
,
,
(
.
Klimesch,
1996).
,
,
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.
. 27.2.1.
27.2.1.
1)
2)
3)
a)
1
,
b)
1b
2b
3b
c)
1
3c
,
(
)
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—
,
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1
2 ).
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«
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3
(
).
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—
—
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.
1b 3b).
,
,
,
, «
»
,
,
,
.
,
(
. Swerdlow & Koob, 1987; Hasselmo & Bower, 1993).
5.
5.1.
A
,
(
. Gazzaniga, 1995; Squire,
1992; Squire, Knowlton & Musen, 1993). He
,
.
,
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,
,
)
.
,
—
—
,
.
,
,
,
,
(
)
,
.
,
,
,
,
.
«hippocampal memory
indexing»-
(Teyler, DiScenna, 1986),
(
. Miller, 1991).
,
(
.
Klimesch, 1996).
.
,
,
«
»,
.
—
,
.
,
,
,
«
»
,
.
.
.
5.2.
B
,
Indexing Theorie,
,
,
(
)
,
.
,
—
—
.
,
(
.
. 27.2.1)
,
.
,
,
.
,
.
,
,
,
,
,
.
,
,
,
,
,
.
,
,
,
.
,
,
,
(
.,
, Steriade &
Llinas, 1988),
(
)
(
. Swerdlow & Koob, 1987).
,
,
,
.
,
—
,
,
,
, —
.
.
(
,
),
,
,
,
.
,
.
6.
Anderson, J. R. (1985).
Cognitive psychology and its implications.
San Francisco: W. H. Freeman.
Gazzaniga, M. S. (Ed.). (1995).
The cognitive neurosciences.
Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Graf, P., Squire, L. R., & Mandler, G. (1984). The Information that amnesic patients do not forget.
Journal of Experimentall Psychology: Learning Memory and Cognition, 10,
164-178.
Hasselmo, M., & Bower, J. (1993). Acetylcholine and memory.
Trends in Neuroscience,
16, 218-222.
Klimesch, W. (1994).
The structure of long-term memory: A Connectivity model of semantic processing.
Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Klimesch, W. (1996). Memory processes brain oscillations and EEG synchronization.
International
Journal of Psychophysiology, 24,
61-100.
Markowitsch, H. J., & Pritzel, M. (1985). The Neuropathology of amnesia.
Progress in Neurobiology, 9,
1-95.
Markowitsch, H. J. (1995). Anatomical basis of memory disorders. In M. S. Gazzaniga (Ed.),
The
cognitive neurosciences
(p. 765-780). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
McAndrews, M. P., Glisky, E. L., & Schacter, D. L (1987). When priming persists: Long-lasting
implicit memory for a single episode in amnesic patients.
Neuropsychologia, 25,
497-506.
Mishkin, M. (1982). A memory system in monkeys.
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society
London, B, 298,
85-95.
Miller, R. (1991).
Cortico-hippocampal interplay and the representation of contexts in the brain.
Berlin:
Springer.
Parkin, A. J. (1984). Amnesic syndrome. A lesion specific disorder.
Cortex, 20,
479-508.
Scoville, W. B. & Milner, B. (1957). Loss of recent memory after bilateral hippocampal lesions.
Journal
of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 20,
11-21.
Squire, L. R. (1992). Memory and the hippocampus: A synthesis from findings with rats, monkeys, and
humans.
Psychological Review,
99, 195-231.
Squire, L. R., Knowlton, B., & Musen, G. (1993). The strueture and organization of memory.
Annual
Review of Psychology, 44
, 453-495.
Steriade, M., & Llinas, R. R. (1988). The functional states of the thalamus and the associated neuronal
interplay.
Physiological Reviews, 68,
649-742.
Swerdlow, N. R., & Koob, G. F. (1987). Dopamine, schizophrenia, mania and depression. Toward a
unified hypothesis of cortico-striato-pallido-thalamic function.
Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 10,
197-245.
Teyler, T. J., & DiScenna, P. (1986). The hippocampal memory indexing theory.
Behavioral
Neuroscience, 100,
147-154.
Tulving, E. (1989). Remembering and knowing in the past.
American Scientist, 77,
361-367.
Tulving, E., Schacter, D., McLachlan, R., & Moscovitch, M. (1988). Priming of semantic
autobiographic knowledge: A case study of retrograde amnesia.
Brain and Cognition, 8,
3-20.
Tulving, E., Hayman, C, & Macdonald, C. (1991). Long-lasting perceptual priming and semantic
learning in amnesia: A case experiment.
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Cognition,
77, 595-617.
Weiskrantz, L. (1982). Some aspects of the neuropsychology of memory in humans and animals. In J.
Orbach (Ed.),
Neuropsychology after Lashley
(pp. 297-314). Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum.
27.3.
:
1.
(
. Goldstein &
Levin, 1995; Markowitsch, 1992; Parkin & Leng, 1993).
,
.
20
,
.
,
.
,
80-
.
,
.
.
,
.
:
(Kopelman, 1992)
(Müller & von Cramon, 1995),
—
(Wilson, 1995).
(
;
.
27.1).
,
, . .
,
,
.
,
,
,
,
.
,
,
(
)
,
(
;
.
27.1).
;
«
»
,
.
.
. Kihlstrom & Schachter, 1995).
,
,
,
,
(
. McKenna, Clare & Baddeley, 1995; Watts, 1995).
.
,
,
(
.,
, Green, 1993; Watts, 1995).
2.
,
,
(
).
,
.
80-
.
.
,
» (
,
,
.
3.5) (Schachter & Glisky, 1986).
(
.,
, Schuri, Wilson & Hodges, 1996; Wilson, 1987, 1995) —
,
,
.
,
(
,
).
,
(
)
—
, . .
(
. Brandimonte, Einstein & McDaniel, 1996; Sohlberg
& Mateer, 1989a).
.
,
,
,
.,
, Parkin & Leng, 1993).
—
(
.,
, Kaschel, Zaiser-Kaschel,