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.
,
«social drift» («
»)
«social selection» («
»):
,
,
.
60-
.
,
,
. (Dohrenwend, Levav und Shrout et al.,
1992),
,
.
«
»
,
,
,
,
.
,
,
.
,
.
,
.
,
,
,
.
,
.
,
,
(Brown & Birley, 1968; Day, Nielsen & Korten et al., 1987).
,
,
.
,
.
«
»,
. .
.
,
,
(Ventura, Nuechterlein, Lukhoff & Hardesty, 1989)
.
,
,
,
,
,
,
.
(
, Malla, Cortese,
Shaw & Ginsberg, 1990;
.
. 35.2.1)
.
,
,
.
«
» («expressed emotion»)
,
,
,
.
«
»,
.
35.2.1.
(Malla et al., 1990)
?
:
)
,
, . .
;
)
,
.
:
-
: 21
(
DSM-III-R
)
.
-
:
:
,
,
.
.
,
(
,
,
)
(
,
).
-
:
.
,
,
(
.
. 35.2.1).
,
,
.
,
,
,
,
,
(
.
. 35.2.2).
.
,
,
.
35.2.1.
(N = 7)
(N
=
14)
6,2
3,5
p < 0.05
1,6
2,5
n. s.
7,3
5,8
n. s.
:
.
35.2.2.
1,1
0,6
0,6
0,8
0,5
0,3
1,9
1,1*
0,9
* < 0,06.
a)
,
b)
,
c)
.
---
6.
,
.
,
.
.
.
,
.
,
,
,
,
.
,
.
,
,
,
.
.
,
,
.
,
,
,
,
,
,
.
,
,
,
.
,
.
.
,
,
,
.
7.
Angermeyer, M. (1978). 20 Jahre Double Bind: Versuch einer Bilanz.
Psychiatrische Praxis, 5,
106-
117.
Bateson, G., Jackson, D. D., Haley, J. & Weakland, J. W. (1956). Towards a theory of schizophrenia.
Behavioral Science, 1,
251-264.
Brown, G. W. & Birley, J. (1968). Crises and live changes in the onset of schizophrenia.
Journal of
Health and Social Behavior, 9,
217-244.
Cannon, T. D. & Marco, E. (1994). Structural brain abnormalities as indicators of vulnerability to
schizophrenia.
Schizophrenia Bulletin, 20,
89-101.
Cohen, J. D. & Servan-Schreiber, D. (1992). Context, cortex, and dopamine: A connectionist approach
to behavior and biology in schizophrenia.
Psychological Review, 99,
45-77.
Cornblatt, B. A. & Keilp, J. G. (1994). Impaired attention, genetics, and the pathophysiology of
schizophrenia.
Schizophrenia Bulletin, 20,
31-46.
Day, R., Nielsen, J., Korten, A. et al. (1987). Stressful life events preceding the acute onset of
schizophrenia: A cross-national study from the World Health Organization.
Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry,
11,
123-205.
Dohrenwend, B. P., Levav, I., Shrout, P. E. et al. (1992). Socioeconomic status and psychiatric
disorders: The causation-selection issue.
Science, 255,
946-952.
Eaton, W. W., Day, R. & Kramer, M. (1988). The use of epidemiology for risk factor research in
schizophrenia: An overview and methodologic critique. In M. T. Tsuang & C. Simpson (Eds.),
Handbook of
Schizophrenia (Vol. 3): Nosology, Epidemiology, and Genetics
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Faris, R. E. L. & Dunham, H. W. (1939).
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schizophrenia and other psychoses.
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Gattaz, W. F., Kohlmeyer, K. & Gasser, T. (1991). Computer tomographic studies in schizophrenia. In
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Search for the Causes of Schizophrenia
(Vol. I., pp. 242-256).
Heidelberg: Springer.
Goldstein, M. J. (1985). Family factors that antedate the onset of schizophrenia and related disorders:
The results of a fifteen year prospective longitudinal study.
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263-275.
Gottesman, I. I. (1991).
Schizophrenia genesis: The origins of madness.
New York: Freeman.
Grillon, C. H., Ameli, R., Chourchesne, E., Braff, D. L. (1991) Effects of task relevance and attention
on P3 in schizophrenic patients.
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11-21.
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Was ist Schizophrenie?
(S. 1-56).
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dysfunctional attention strategies in schizophrenia.
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23-35.
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Straube, E. R. & Oades, R. D. (1992).
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Academic Press.
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life events and schizophrenic relapse.
Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 98,
407-411.
35.3.
:
1.
,
,
,
.
—
,
,
,
.
.
,
,
(Andreasen, Arndt, Alliger, Miller
& Flaum, 1995a; Andreasen, Roy & Flaum, 1995b).
,
« ».
.
.
.
,
.
,
.
,
,
.
,
60%
,
.
,
: 1)
; 2)
; 3)
(
. Smith & Hucker, 1994;
Hambrecht & Häfner, 1996).
,
,
.
,
,
,
.
«restitutio ad integrum»
(«
») ,
,
,
.
,
,
.
,
,
.
,
—
,
, —
,
,
(
. Mueser & Bellack,
1995; Scott & Dixon, 1995a).
.
,
,
.
.
2.
,
,
.
,
,
,
,
.
.
,
.
2.1.
50-
«
»
,
,
.
: 1)
; 2)
(
,
); 3)
; 4)
,
.
(
. Kane, 1987; Hirsch & Barnes,
1995).
,
,
.
(
.
. 35.3.1).
35.3.1.
(NIMH: Cole, 1964)
: