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B R I C S
•
Ensure transition to energy-saving technologies both in the production
stage and in the consumption stage and consider energy efficiency proj
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ects as a priority with regards to the projects focused on increasing en-
ergy production
13.
To organize share best practices of national measures aimed at develop
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ment and facilitation of use of renewable energy sources
14.
To take jointly urgent measures on prevention of adverse effects of climate
change to people’s health and ecosystems.
15.
To share best practices and elaborate programs to fight desertification, land
degradation and deforestation
16.
To ask BRICS national governments and financial institutions to oversee and
ensure that all infrastructure projects in developing countries meet require-
ments of ‘green economy’ with considerable reductions of traditional fuel
sources like coal, oil, nuclear, gigantic hydroelectric dams
17.
To shift were possible energy policy with large centralized power systems,
that are insufficient in poverty eradication towardsthe decentralization of en
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ergy systems and infrastructure based on renewable energy and principles
of inclusive economic growth
18.
To prioritize projects in the field of energy efficiency both in production con
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sumption stages, as opposed to new projects on production of primary energy
19.
To prioritize alternative methods of production of electricity, based on renew
-
able energy sources
20.
To impose limitations on cross-border transportation of nuclear materials
and radioactive waste of nuclear energy. Manage the problem of radioactive
waste buried at sea
21.
To oblige operators of nuclear facilities, as well as companies having a license
for radioactive waste management, to provide a financial guarantee (in the
form of insurance and other tools) to compensate for the damage caused to
individuals and the environment by accidents at the sites of these companies
22.
To develop timetable for complete withdrawal of subsidies for fossil fuels, as
they do not meet the principles of sustainable development, with a complete
rejection by 2020
23.
To launch a dialogue with regards to subsidies for nuclear energy, the con-
struction of large hydroelectric dams and the improvement of reservoirs in
existing hydroelectric dams, as well as the subsidies for those biofuels (in
-
cluding mandatory quotas on consumption and production), which a) are
competing with the food industry for raw materials and / or b) have a nega
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tive impact on resources such as agricultural areas, water, soil, and c) have
a negative impact on the environment
24.
To organize the peer learning and joint research on market mechanisms of
the climate policies in BRICS countries and perspectives of national green-
house gas emission licensing systems
25.
To intensify information exchange concerning local initiatives assisting cli-
mate change prevention
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B R I C S
Inequality
26.
To foster dialogue and cooperation between civil society and government
with regards fighting extreme inequality. Possible actions might include as
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sistance with creation of national commissions on inequality and conclusion
of agreement on elimination of the extreme poverty by 2030 as part of Sus-
tainable Development Goals (SDGs).
27.
To raise support for free governmental services sectors.
28.
To strengthen BRICS leadership in the international tax system reform.
The foundation of the new international tax watch system shall be suggest-
ed with each country having equal right of vote, submission of transparent
national reports, foundation of state registers of the final property rights,
automatic state tax exchange system on a multilateral basis. Elimination
of the tax havens usage shall be suggested by means of black-listing and
sanctioning.
29.
To strengthen cooperation between BRICS countries’ governments that pro
-
vide for women empowerment and economic equality for women. Economic
policies of the BRICS countries shall tackle the problem of the economic
inequality together with the gender discrimination issue. Commitments could
include: financial reimbursement for taking care of underage children and
elderly, elimination of the gender pay gap, data collection for assessment of
the influence economic policies on women and girls.
30.
To ensure legal right for the minimum wage to be at the same rate as the
minimum living wage and to inforce it properly.
31.
To achieve the delivery of the universal free public services by 2020 (primar
-
ily education and healthcare).
32.
To set up universal social benefits at a minimum level. Social benefits shall
include child allowance, unemployment and retirement benefits, minimum
living wage.
Food Security
33.
To assist cooperation between farmers associations, governments, civil so-
ciety, business and international organizations on food security and BRICS
Action Plan on Food Security implementation. Support the initiatives aiming
at monitoring this document.
34.
To stress food security as one of the main issues of cooperation to fight ad
-
verse impact of climate change. It is important to broaden research in this
area, work out national and regional adaptation strategies, elaborate specific
national recommendations on agricultural policies.
35.
To develop strategies for each country on food and nutritional security. These
strategies shall include wide specter of issues on research, investment,
elimination of poverty, rise of livelihood levels of the poor, development and
growth of the SME and other issues. Food security shall become part of the
country’s developmental and economic strategy.
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B R I C S
36.
To implement an approach of complex treatment for food security along the
full cycle of production, distribution, recycling, storage and consumption.
In addition to agricultural production efficiency growth, it is important to cut
losses at all stages from production to consumption,
37.
To strengthen efforts to minimize use of highly hazardous pesticides in ag
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riculture, to support organic agriculture and use of the ecosystem approach
to pest control
38.
To develop recommendations and programs for the reduction of losses of
agriculture production
Marine Environment Preservation
39.
To implement the ecosystem approach in sea governance as a key approach
to the regulation of human activities at sea.
40.
To assist designation of the ecologically and biologically sensitive and impor-
tant zones with specifically regulated governance practices.
BRICS Development Bank
41.
Bank should act as an instrument of sustainable and “inclusive” development
rather than another investment bank;
42.
It should undertake commitments to eradicate poverty and reduce inequality
in income, wealth and access to the benefits of civilization, in the countries
where projects are being implemented;
43.
Bank should aspire to make its own contribution to the achievement of sus-
tainable development after 2015;
44.
Main principles of the Bank should reflect transparency, accountability and
participation.
45.
It should commit to the implementation of projects in the area of priorities of
the beneficiaries.
46.
There should be continuous partnership and consultation with civil society as
well as epistemic community;
47.
Banks activities should be based on high social and environmental perfor-
mance standards and principles of sustainable development;
48.
Its policies should be coordinated with social and economic policies of mem-
ber countries;
49.
The priority for the Bank shall be those areas that are important for the devel-
opment of the country, but perhaps not attractive to the financial markets and
the existing development institutions. The emphasis should be placed on the
most complex development of industries and territories.
50.
Bank profits could be directed to support projects and capacity building of the
beneficiaries in case of need, as well as to duplicate success.
51.
We urge the governments of BRICS countries to actively participate in the
implementation of Sustainable Development Goals, and to exchange experi
-
ences and best practices in this field.
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B R I C S
ПРЕДВАРИТЕЛЬНЫЕ РЕКОМЕНДАЦИИ
РАБОЧЕЙ ГРУППЫ «УСТОЙЧИВОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ»
Взаимоувязка экономических, экологических и социальных аспектов раз
-
вития и переход к устойчивому развитию — важнейшая задача, которая стоит
как перед всем человечеством, так и перед странами-членами БРИКС.
Проблемы, связанные с устойчивым развитием, актуальны практически
для всех стран БРИКС, хотя они имеют различные формы проявления и на
-
циональную специфику. Все из этих стран осознают остроту этих проблем и ак
-
тивно пытаются их решить. На наш взгляд, расширение сотрудничества между
государствами в этой области могло бы сделать работу каждой страны более
результативной и внести вклад в решение проблемы на глобальном уровне.
Мы считаем важным обсудить взаимодействие стран-членов БРИКС в сле
-
дующих областях:
1. Переход к «зеленой экономике»
Зеленая экономика в части ресурсоэффективности, низкой углеродоемко
-
сти, инвестирования в природный капитал является реальной конкурентной
альтернативой традиционной экономике, учитывая экологический след стран
БРИКС, способствует созданию новых рабочих мест, в том числе в высоко
-
технологичных отраслях.
2. Энергетика и изменение климата
Повышение эффективности использования энергии, переход к использо
-
ванию чистых и возобновляемых источников энергии имеет важное значе
-
ние как для обеспечения стабильного и устойчивого развития стран, так и для
предотвращения глобальных климатических изменений и недопущения эко
-
логических катастроф в наиболее уязвимых регионах потенциальной добычи
и транспортировки углеводородов, таких как Арктика, Алтай, Охотское море.
Вторым после энергетики фактором, влияющим на состояние климата,
является землепользование — лесное и сельское хозяйство. Переход к но
-
вым менее истощительным технологиям в сельском хозяйстве и прекраще
-
ние обезлесивания особенно в тропических лесах играет важную социальную
роль в странах БРИКС.
3. Продовольственная безопасность
Продовольственная безопасность, подразумевающая как продовольствен
-
ную независимость, так и доступность продуктов для населения и исключе
-
ние потерь продукции сельского хозяства на всех стадиях от выращивания до
потребления — важная проблема для стран альянса.
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B R I C S
4. Неравенство
В последние 20 лет в странах БРИКС наблюдается рост неравенства, что
является тормозом развития как экономики, так и социальных ресурсов, сни
-
жая эффективность политики государств, направленной на повышение благо
-
состояния населения.
5. Сохранение морской среды
Развитие новых технологий в области глубоководной добычи минеральных
и ископаемых ресурсов, увеличение морских транспортных потоков, а также
зачастую слабо контролируемая добыча биоресурсов значительно увеличи
-
вают антропогенную нагрузку на морские экосистемы, в сохранении и защите
которых заинтересованы все страны БРИКС.
6. Банк развития БРИКС.
Мы глубоко убеждены, что создание нового финансового института необхо
-
димо, так как он может стать инструментом решения тех проблем и вызовов,
с которыми сталкиваются в 21-м веке члены БРИКС, развивающиеся страны
и государства с переходной экономикой,
Представители гражданского общества призывают лидеров БРИКС к реа
-
лизации следующих действий:
В области зеленой экономики:
1.
активизировать работу по переходу к «зеленой экономике» в целях до
-
стижения устойчивого развития. Определить приоритетные направле
-
ния и формы сотрудничества в интересах всех государств объединения;
2.
принять действенные меры по отслеживанию источников происхожде
-
ния используемых (добываемых, импортируемых и экспортируемых) ис
-
точников биологических ресурсов;
3.
разработать программы по стимулированию зеленых инвестиций; все
-
мерно развивать механизмы ответственного финансирования, как че
-
рез механизмы банковских регуляторов, так и через механизмы участия
стран в международных финансовых институтах;
4.
обеспечить осуществление совместных исследований по экономиче
-
ским и торговым вопросам, запланированных в Делийской декларации,
и включение аспектов «зеленой экономики» и устойчивого развития;
5.
наладить обмен опытом в области использования экономических ин
-
струментов для перехода к «зеленой экономике»;
6.
обсудить возможность совместно инициировать новые международные со
-
глашения, способствующие переходу к «зеленой экономике» — как в рам
-
ках ВТО, так и, возможно, за ее пределами — например, Соглашение об
устойчивой энергетике, в частности, определяющего классификацию раз
-
решенных субсидий с точки зрения устойчивого развития, Соглашение об