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B R I C S
border nature. Additionally, such interventions often aggravated the situa-
tion and delayed possible solutions. Hence, direct hostility cessation does
not always result in a lasting resolution leaving ethnic, political and other
problems in place. Afghanistan, Iraq, Libya and Syria are primary examples
of such a case. We believe that BRICS should play a more proactive role
in conflict management through institutionalised coordination and collabo
-
ration based on common principles, including but not exhausted by the
following:
• Adherence to international law and recognition of the United Nations as
the primary global legitimate institution to enforce peace and security,
based on principles of mutual respect and equality;
• Abstention from the use and/or intimidation of force, emphasis on diplo
-
matic means of resolution in international conflicts;
•
Maintaining principle of neutrality when one member country is in any
way involved in the conflict with a third party;
• Upholding principles of impartiality supported by thorough investigations
to determine roots causes of a conflict in order to suggest best possible
solutions holding in mind all interests of involved parties;
•
Enforce the legislation, policy and guidance for the child protection sys-
tem in BRICS countries.
11.
We suggest that BRICS evolve into a platform for creating contextualised
multilateral policies through mutual consultation and develop viable mecha-
nisms in response to local, regional and international socio-political conflicts.
These mechanisms must coordinate activities of diplomatic, political, military
and informational nature at all stages of conflict management. BRICS should
consider enhancing cooperation with relevant regional and global structures
in areas where BRICS countries are involved.
12.
Civilians are the first to suffer in conflicts, losing their livelihoods as conse
-
quence. BRICS countries should jointly undertake coordinated measures to
address this problem. There is an unparalleled norm of double standards
to which Western countries deviate from with respect to the civilian casual-
ties in such conflicts. Such selective responses towards countries of non-
western political orientation indicates a lack of universal rules (Middle East
and Ukraine as primary examples). BRICS countries should legally define
the status of combatant and non-combatants in armed conflict; issues of
humanitarian limitations to economic and other sanctions, levied by inter-
national community; clearer definition of “indirect aggression”; illegitimacy
of sanctions levied unilaterally without authorization by the United Nations
Organization; legally consistent definition for the international terrorism; R2P
concept and responsibility for using it; the status of de-facto POWs in inter
-
nal and civil conflicts (including the role of established institutions such as
Red Cross and Red Crescent). In addition we strongly recommend working
out a BRICS Migration Charter.
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B R I C S
Rule of International Law, Increasing Role of Institutions
13.
In the interest of long-term stability, respect for international law as opposed to
the use of force is paramount. The latter should be supported by serious con-
sideration of the civilizational historical, religious, cultural, national legal tradi
-
tions, in order to prevent consequential competition for a large scale conflict.
14.
Our shared position regarding the democratic international system should be
observed in accordance with the UN Charter principles and fundamental prin
-
ciples of international law with particular inclusion of sovereignty equivalence
among all states, reinforced with mutual respect for all countries notwithstand-
ing their political, economic, social and ideological positions. Selective usage
of norms and/or double standards regarding international law should be op
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posed, as well as the practice of extraterritorial application of national law with-
out consent of other countries to which such national law is being applied.
15.
BRICS countries are prepared to work on the elaboration of long-term legal
solutions in order to avoid short-term interest gain through re-interpretation
of legal norms. We condemn offering diplomatic or military support to op-
position movements in any country without prior approval of the UN Security
Council. Ad hoc precedent legal frameworks aren’t legitimate, thus special
consulting groups under the aegis of the UNSC should be established to
develop long-term viable solution in such cases.
16.
International law should be based on norms, not precedency, with civil so-
ciety and academia actively joining the process of strengthening practical
foundations of international relations in order to smooth out the plethora of
various lacunas and differences in international law, as well as participating
in counterpart discussions with both BRICS and non-BRICS countries in or-
der to promote public support and understanding of these initiatives.
17.
In regards to various contradictions between imperative norms
of interna-
tional law i.e. principle of territorial integrity vs. of self-determination and the
dilemma of sovereignty of state and individual rights and freedoms comes
to mind. It is not a secret that such contradictions continue to give rise to
a number of conflicts which are actively used as a pretext by external actors
in pursuit of their goals as a means for intervention and often times instigat-
ing these conflicts to create a pretext for such intervention.
18.
In order to counter further violation of international law using networks of
different regional and global organizations presenting a consolidated and
coordinated position, BRICS should promote both bilateral and multilateral
official diplomacy, as well as public diplomacy and other peaceful methods
to resolve international disputes. The governments should interact with civ-
il society to this end. We could recommend creating a specialized BRICS
mechanism on International Law for regular consultation on urgent interna-
tional issues, strengthening international law and with a “multicivilizational”
perspective. The Parliamentary Forum, first held at the initiative of Russian
chairmanship, could be an “umbrella” for such efforts.
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19.
In a broader sense, BRICS should aim to develop a common system of values
and priorities, which would also contribute the promotion of a BRICS global
initiative. These responsibilities lie not only on professional experts, but also
on society itself. BRICS governments should to this end also promote an ex-
change and popularization of theoretical and historical heritage of their respec
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tive national philosophers and lawyers. As well a platform for the exchange of
these topics should be established on the institutional and individual basis.
Priority Threats and Challenges (Terrorism, International Cybersecurity,
Drug trafficking, Money-Laundering, etc.)
20.
We urge BRICS to strengthen cooperation between relevant law enforce-
ment agencies for informational exchange and mutual assistance in pursuit
of criminals and risk of flight suspects fleeing prosecution for terrorist activi
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ties. The establishment of a joint monitoring system will help track suspected
terrorists. It might deemed necessary for BRICS to sign an agreement on
joint investigation of terrorist activities, practices on the territories of BRICS
countries with commitment to extradite terrorists, plotting or implementing
terrorist acts on the territory of either of BRICS countries.
21.
Based on the recommendations elaborated by the Financial Action Task
Force (FATF) and additional documents adopted under the auspices of the
UN; BRICS should expand cooperation on the matter of intelligence shar
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ing of terrorist groups and their financial dealings. The ratification of the in
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terbank agreement would prevent illegal financing of terrorist activities and
other illegal trans-border activities.
22.
We support the aims of joint counter-terrorism exercises intended at com-
bating, prevention and detection terrorist activities in the BRICS countries,
including the complete elimination of terrorist training bases. Such actions
could see possible involvement of functional regional structures along with
joint neighbor cooperation.
23.
We highlight the fact that current BRICS states constitute one of the largest
in number and the fastest growing segments of the global internet commu-
nity. At the same time, this remarkable statistic only stresses the underrep-
resentation of the BRICS states in the field of global internet governance
and cyber governance. In fact, the ICT agenda remains a “missing pillar” in
current BRICS identity. That is why BRICS countries should not be excluded
in offering a consensus-based vision of the new global internet governance
architecture. Independent civil experts might play a major role in formulating
the agenda for future implementation measures.
24.
We propose that global internet governance architecture be based on a set of
principles which: 1) limit governmental internet surveillance and hold states
accountable for any violations; 2) allow for the right of access to the internet;
3) create responsible international control over the internet’s critical functions
as well as openness, integrity, universality of the internet, etc.
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25.
One more essential component of the ICT agenda is to study the possibility of
a joint IT-infrastructure and internet-sector projects. For the moment, members
of the forum have already accumulated necessary experience, adequate tech-
nological background, financial resources and political leadership to move this
agenda forward in a more dynamic way. A first of its kind was the BRICS In
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ternet Cable aimed at diversifying the global network which serves as a back-
bone for transcontinental fiber-optic cables it is currently under construction.
26.
We believe that next steps might include major software development initia-
tives that might bring together market demands and certain imperatives for
the BRICS states. Therefore, the BRICS states could join their human, finan
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cial and technological resources for developing better security standards for
the internet protocols, protected operation systems and applications, includ-
ing market-oriented solutions for “civil cryptography”.
27.
We are deeply concerned with the problem of illegal drug trafficking and
money laundering in each of the BRICS countries.
28.
We are determined to combat the problem of drug production in neighboring
regions, the elimination of drug infrastructure, identification of at risk areas for
productions, suggest policies and strategies of “alternative development of the
‘risk zone’ states” to reduce drug supply and demand, as well money launder
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ing in an integrated, interdisciplinary, complementary and balanced approach.
29.
We appreciate the commitment of anti-drug and money laundering initiatives
of our competent authorities, including the creation of the BRICS Anti-Drug
Working group. We are determined to elaborate a list of banned products.
30.
We endorse the decisions made at the Ministerial Meeting of the BRICS to
combat the drug threat and at the Second Moscow Ministerial Intergovern-
mental Anti-Drug and Anti-money laundering Conference and support the ini
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tiatives of the Special Session of the UN General Assembly on Drugs in 2016.
31.
We support the idea of introducing compulsory drug checks at schools and
higher education institutions to counter the problem.
32.
We support the establishment of best practices for pertinent anti-drug and
anti-money laundering agencies of BRICS countries. BRICS countries
should jointly develop recommendations aimed at improving national legisla-
tions and efficiency of legal cooperation between the states with regard to
illicit drug and money laundering trafficking. BRICS need to consider the es
-
tablishment of the multilateral regular consultations mechanisms to involve
BRICS, Latin American, Middle East and Central and West Asian countries
in order to exchange best practices on the fight against drug trafficking and
money laundering, including signing agreement on exchange of relevant in-
formation and assistance in investigation.
33.
BRICS should elaborate on the national and multilateral level common ed-
ucational programs to promote drug-free society at schools, universities,
community centers with special emphasis on youth. This could be among
the tasks for future BRICS Network University with regards to raising pub
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lic awareness of the issue. Joint work of relevant health, anti-drug, youth
and other organizations should result in development of social inclusion pro
-
grams and health procurement in order to prevent further expansion of drug
use nationally. BRICS should elaborate joint projects on promotion and so-
cial advertising to counter further expansion of drug use through traditional
(newspapers, TV, radio) and social media.
34.
We stress that corruption remains a serious problem in each of the BRICS
countries hindering their social and economic development and posing
a threat to their national security. We encourage the intention of our compe-
tent authorities to enhance cooperation in the field of combatting corruption
and we are committed to actively engage in this process. Specifically we in
-
tend to participate in determining the fields with elevated risks of corruption,
spreading the culture of “zero tolerance for corruption”, raising the society
awareness of the possibilities of taking part in anti-corruption programs.
35.
We are deeply concerned that political stability in BRICS countries is neg-
atively influenced by external factors. We are going to eliminate external
threats in coordination with the civil society of other developing countries.
36.
We are seriously concerned about the fact that along with the above threats
and challenges caused by human activities, our civilization remains unpro
-
tected against a variety of natural threats. One of the possible hazards BRICS
countries could address together is the threat of catastrophic collisions of
asteroids and comets with Earth. Such collisions can have devastating con-
sequences for all of humanity. A collision like this can happen any moment
as the Chelyabinsk meteorite has shown, so putting off measures to create
defense system would be unforgivable negligence and would benefit BRICS
technological development. Meanwhile, the BRICS countries have all nec-
essary technologies for the creation of a Planetary Defence System (PDS)
already in place. For instance, the conceptual project of an international PDS
“Citadel” developed in Russia can form the basis for its development.
We
urge BRICS countries to initiate the creation of an international PDS since threats from outer
space demand specific measures of protection at the international level. For the establishment of the
PDS we suggest to form an international Working Group of BRICS experts and to charge it with the
development of a plan of political, organizational, scientific and technological, legal, financial and other
actions. This will include the creation of the international Planetary Defence Center, the development of
international legal provisions and the establishment of a special fund for financing the design, develop
-
ment and operation of the PDS. Implementation of this project will provide not only protection of our
planet, but will also become a strong incentive for technological development of countries-developers of
the system and also for mankind.