Файл: Контрольная работа 2 Для правильного выполнения контрольной работы 2 необходимо знать следующие разделы английской грамматики.docx
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Контрольная работа № 2
Для правильного выполнения контрольной работы № 2 необходимо знать следующие разделы английской грамматики:
1. Причастие I, Причастие II. Функции и перевод.
2. Независимый причастный оборот.
3. Инфинитив: функции и перевод.
4. Инфинитивные обороты Complex Subject и Complex Object. Незави-симый причастный оборот.
5. Герундий: функции и перевод.
6. Условные предложения.
Вариант 1
Задание 1.Прочитайте и перепишите предложения, используя нужную форму причастия, образованную от глагола в скобках. Переведите предло-жения на русский язык.
1. We need highly (to develop) electronics and new materials to make supercomputers.
2. New alloys (to appear) during the last decades, among them a magnesium-lithium alloy.
3. (To drive) a car a man tries to keep steady speed and watch the car in front of him.
Задание 2. Перепишите предложения. Письменно переведите их. Подчеркните причастие и в скобках укажите, какую функцию в предложении оно выполняет.
Model: The man waiting for you has come from Paris. – Человек, ожидающий вас, приехал из Парижа. (Функция – определение).
1. The high gas temperatures caused increased slagging of the boiler surface.
2. Valves are opened periodically and some of the boiler water is blown
to sewer, thus carrying out of the system the impurities.
3. The boy writing a letter is my sister’s son.
4. The man sitting at the window made an interesting report about the origin of the English language yesterday.
Задание 3.Прочитайте предложения. Переведите их письменно. Найдите и подчеркните в них независимый причастный оборот.
Model: Mу colleaguebeingaway,I had to take the decision myself. –
Так как мой товарищ по работе отсутствовал, мне пришлось самому принять решение.
1. With water being cooled, the rate of the reaction was low.
2. The temperature being raised, the kinetic energy is increased.
3. The young physicist having discovered Newton's error, other scientists confirmed it.
Задание 4.Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните инфинитив и укажите, какую функцию в предложении он выполняет. Переведите предложения.
Model: He stopped tospeak to Mary. – Он остановился, чтобы поговорить с Мэри. (Функция – обстоятельство цели
).
1. To recover waste energy two major types of hardware are required: combustion equipment and heat transfer equipment.
2. Parameters to be measured in a control experiment include density and temperature of the fuel.
3. Our duty is to study well.
4. To develop the supercomputer, highly developed electronics and new materials were required.
5. Some materials with new useful properties may be produced in space.
Задание 5.Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните и определите Complex Object/Complex Subject. Предложения переведите.
Model: We know Professor N. (him) to be a good specialist in this field. – Мы знаем, что профессор Н. (он) хороший специалист в этой области. (Complex Object)
1. The film festival was reported to take place in July this year.
2. This region proved to be protected area.
3. We saw the postman slip a thick envelope into the box.
4. The house seems to have been damaged by the earthquake.
Задание 6.Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните герундий и опре-делите его функцию в предложении. Предложения переведите.
Model: His favorite occupation is reading. – Его любимое занятие – чтение (читать). (Функция – часть составного сказуемого).
1. After having been subjected to severe testing the material was recommended for us.
2. They insisted on the questions being reconsidered.
3. Man invented machines and instruments for making his life easier.
4. Examining water quality is a work of a chemical laboratory.
5. The equipment for producing the fluid is divided into two major classes: pumps for handling liquids and fans, blowers and compressors for handling gases and vapors.
Задание 7.Перепишите и переведите условные предложения.
1. If farmers in developing countries were given a decent price for their produce they would be able to build a better future for their family, community
and country.
2. If Belgium won the European Soccer Championship in the year 2020
the world would be amazed.
3. Consumers would be much better off if accurate product information
were printed on the packaging.
Задание 8.Прочитайте текст. Перепишите его и переведите письменно 1-й, 3-й и 4-й абзацы.
Direct-Current (DC) Generators
1. If an armature revolves between two stationary field poles, the current
in the armature moves in one direction during half of each revolution and in the other direction during the other half. To produce a steady flow of unidirectional,
or direct, current from such a device, it is necessary to provide a means of rever-sing the current flow outside the generator once during each revolution.
2. In older machines this reversal is accomplished by means of a com-mutator, a split metal ring mounted on the shaft of the armature. The two halves
of the ring are insulated from each other and serve as the terminals of the armature coil. Fixed brushes of metal or carbon are held against the commutator as it revolves, connecting the coil electrically to external wires. As the armature turns, each brush is in contact alternately with the halves of the commutator, changing position
at the moment when the current in the armature coil reverses its direction. Thus there is a flow of unidirectional current in the outside circuit to which the generator is connected. DC generators are usually operated at fairly low voltages to avoid
the sparking between brushes and commutator that occurs at high voltage.
The highest potential commonly developed by such generators is 1500 V. In some newer machines this reversal is accomplished using power electronic devices,
for example, diode rectifiers.
3. Modern DC generators use drum armatures that usually consist of a large number of windings set in longitudinal slits in the armature core and connected
to appropriate segments of a multiple commutator. In an armature having only one loop of wire, the current produced will rise and fall depending on the part
of the magnetic field through which the loop is moving. A commutator of many segments used with a drum armature always connects the external circuit to one loop of wire moving through the high-intensity area of the field, and as a result
the current delivered by the armature windings is virtually constant. Fields
of modern generators are usually equipped with four or more electromagnetic poles to increase the size and strength of the magnetic field. Sometimes smaller interpoles are added to compensate for distortions in the magnetic flux of the field caused by the magnetic effect of the armature.
4. DC generators are commonly classified according to the method used
to provide field current for energizing the field magnets. A series-wound generator has its field in series with the armature, and a shunt-wound generator has the field connected in parallel with the armature. Compound-wound generators have part
of their fields in series and part in parallel. Both shunt-wound and compound-wound generators have the advantage of delivering comparatively constant voltage under varying electrical loads. The series-wound generator is used principally
to supply a constant current at variable voltage. A magneto is a small DC generator with a permanent-magnet field.
Задание 9.Письменно ответьте на вопросы к вышеприведенному тексту.
1. How does the current in the armature move if it revolves between two stationary field poles?
2. Why DC generators usually operate at low voltages?
3. Why the fields of modern generator equipped with four or more electromagnetic poles?
4. How DC generators are commonly classified?
Задание 10. Используя данные слова, составьте предложения:
1) two, armature, poles, between, revolves, field, stationary;
2) operated, DC generators, low, are, fairly, voltages, at, usually;
3) DC generators, armatures, use, modern, drum.
Задание 11. Поставьте предложение в вопросительную и отрицательную формы.
DC generators are commonly classified according to the method used
to provide field current.
Вариант 2
Задание 1.Прочитайте и перепишите предложения, используя нужную форму причастия, образованную от глагола в скобках. Переведите предло-жения на русский язык.
1. Computer components (to produce) should be very clean.
2. Many countries have cable TV, a system (to use) wires for transmitting TV programs.
3. (To state) the laws of gravity, Newton was able to explain the structure
of the Universe.
Задание 2. Перепишите предложения. Письменно переведите их. Подчеркните причастие и в скобках укажите, какую функцию в предложении оно выполняет.
Model: The man waiting for you has come from Paris. – Человек, ожидающий вас, приехал из Парижа. (Функция – определение).
1. These plants produce a great quantity of liquid and gaseous wastes containing chlorinated hydrocarbons.
2. As the oxidation rate increases, the temperature gradually rises, increasing the rate of oxidation and hence the rate of temperature rise.
3. When discussing the problem they argued a lot.
4. Speaking English, pay attention to the order of words.
Задание 3.Прочитайте предложения, письменно их переведите. Найдите и подчеркните в них независимый причастный оборот.
Model: Mу colleaguebeingaway,I had to take the decision myself. – Так как мой товарищ по работе отсутствовал, мне пришлось самому принять решение.
1. With the current being switched on, the machine automatically starts ope-rating.
2. Silver being very expensive, we only rarely use it as a conductor.
3. The distance having been measured, the computer adjusts the car's speed.
Задание 4.Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните инфинитив и ука-жите, какую функцию в предложении он выполняет. Переведите предло-жения.
Model: He stopped tospeak to Mary. – Он остановился, чтобы поговорить с Мэри. (Функция – обстоятельство цели).
1. To lower the temperature of the cooling water by artificial means would require additional energy.
2. An additional factor to be considered is the cost and maintenance of cooling system.
3. He hopes to get the book.
4. A special electronic device signals the engine to stop.
5. Radar may control the brakes to avoid collisions with other cars.
Задание 5.Перепишите предложения. Определите Complex Object/ Complex Subject. Предложения переведите.
Model: We know Professor N. (him) to be a good specialist in this field. – Мы знаем, что профессор Н. (он) хороший специалист в этой области. (Complex Object).
1. We believe it to be the best way out of this situation.
2. The environment was thought to be an unlimited source of resources.
3. People would like all ecological problems to have been solved.
4. She thought him to be a qualified specialist.
Задание 6.Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните герундий и опреде-лите его функцию в предложении. Предложения переведите.
Model: His favorite occupation is reading. – Его любимое занятие – чтение (читать). (Функция – часть составного сказуемого).
1. Programming is the process of preparing, testing and correcting instructions for a computer.
2. I’m glad to have the opportunity of talking to you, Doctor.
3. Is any metal capable of being drawn out into a wire?
4. The method for storing and transporting flue gases becomes criticized.
5. If steam is required for processing, a turbine may be modified by extracting the steam.
Задание 7.Перепишите и переведите условные предложения.
1. The children would be in a much better shape if they took my bike to go to school.
2. If I had a lot of money I would buy myself a car.
3. Helen would be very upset if she knew about John's past.
Задание 8.Прочитайте текст, перепишите его и переведите письменно 1-й, 2-й и 5-й абзацы.
Electric motors and generators
1. Electric motors and generators are used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy, or electrical energy into mechanical energy, by electromagnetic means. A machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy is called a generator, and a machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy is called a motor.
2. Two related physical principles underlie the operation of generators and motors. The first is the principle of electromagnetic induction discovered
by the British scientist Michael Faraday in 1831. If a conductor is moved through
a magnetic field, or if the strength of a stationary conducting loop is made to vary, a current is set up or induced in the conductor.
3. The converse of this principle is that of electromagnetic reaction, first observed by the French physicist Andre Marie Ampere in 1820. If a current
is passed through a conductor located in a magnetic field, the field exerts
a mechanical force on it.
4. The simplest of all dynamoelectric machines is the disk dynamo developed by Faraday. It consists of a copper disk mounted so that part of the disk, from the center to the edge, is between the poles of a horseshoe magnet. When the disk is rotated, a current is induced between the center of the disk and its edge
by the action of the field of the magnet. The disk can be made to operate as a motor by applying a voltage between the edge of the disk and its center, causing the disk to rotate because of the force produced by magnetic reaction.
5. The magnetic field of a permanent magnet is strong enough to operate only a small practical dynamo or motor. As a result, for large machines, electromagnets are employed. Both motors and generators consist of two basic units, the field, which is the electromagnet with its coils, and the armature,
the structure that supports the conductors, which cut the magnetic field and carry the induced current in a generator or the exciting current in a motor. The armature is usually a laminated soft-iron core around which conducting wires are wound
in coils
Задание 9.Письменно ответьте на вопросы к вышеприведенному тексту.
1. By means of what devices mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy?
2. What physical principles underlie the operation of generators and motors?
3. What is the simplest of all dynamoelectric machines?
4. What do both motors and generators consist of?
Задание 10. Используя данные слова, составьте предложения:
1) basic, consist, motors, units, of, and, two, generators;
2) used, machines, are, large, for, electromagnets;
3) laminated, the, is, soft-iron, a, armature, core, usually.
Задание 11. Поставьте предложение в вопросительную и отрицательную формы.
Electric motors and generators are used to convert mechanical energy
into electrical energy.
Вариант 3
Задание 1.Прочитайте и перепишите предложения, используя нужную форму причастия, образованную от глагола в скобках. Переведите предло-жения на русский язык.
1. (To be) more efficient than human beings, computers are used more
and more extensively.
2. When (to complete) in 1897, Jefferson’s building was the largest and cost-liest library in the world.
3. (to publish) in 1687, Newton's laws of motion are still the basis
for research.
Задание 2. Перепишите предложения. Письменно переведите их. Подчеркните причастие и в скобках укажите, какую функцию в предложении оно выполняет.
Model: The man waiting for you has come from Paris. – Человек, ожидающий вас, приехал из Парижа. (Функция – определение).
1. The classification of the injectors is based on the fource of energy used
to break up the liquid.
2. The double suction permits forces acting on the impeller to be balanced, thus reducing the axial thrust on the shaft.
3. He stopped before a closed door.
4. Being influenced by a warm oceanic current – the Gulf Stream –
the climate of England is mild.
Задание 3.