Файл: Лаборатор работы 2017 ЭЭ.pdf

Добавлен: 02.02.2019

Просмотров: 3457

Скачиваний: 19

ВНИМАНИЕ! Если данный файл нарушает Ваши авторские права, то обязательно сообщите нам.
background image

3

 

 

     Некоммерческое 

                              акционерное  

                         общество 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 
 
 

ЭКОНОМИКА И ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА 

 

Методические указания  

к выполнению лабораторных работ  

для студентов специальности 5В071800 – Электроэнергетика 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Алматы 2016 

 

АЛМАТИНСКИЙ 

 УНИВЕРСИТЕТ 

ЭНЕРГЕТИКИ И  СВЯЗИ 

СВЯЗИ 

Кафедра  экономики, 
организации и  управления 
производством 

 


background image

4

 

 

СОСТАВИТЕЛИ:  А.А.  Жакупов,  Л.Ш.  Валиева,  С.К.  Тулегенова. 
Экономика  и  организация  производства.  Методические  указания  к 
выполнению  лабораторных  работ  для  студентов  специальности 
5В071800 – Электроэнергетика. – Алматы: АУЭС, 2016. - 51 с. 

 
 
Методические указания содержат указания по подготовке к проведению 

лабораторных работ, в них приведены описания каждой лабораторной работы, 
даны  методики  проведения  расчетов  экономических  показателей,  исходные 
данные,  условия  для  анализа  полученных  результатов,  контрольные  вопросы 
и перечень рекомендуемой литературы. 

Методические  указания  к  выполнению  лабораторных  работ  для 

студентов, обучающихся по направлению электроэнергетика. 

Табл.-25, библиограф.назв.-12. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Рецензент: канд. экон. наук, профессор Парамонов С.Г. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Печатается  по  плану  издания  некоммерческого  акционерного  общества 

«Алматинский университет энергетики и связи» на 2016 г. 

 
 
 
 
 
 

 
©НАО «Алматинский университет энергетики и связи», 2016г. 


background image

5

 

 

 

Введение 

 
Лабораторные 

работы 

являются 

составной 

частью 

изучения 

дисциплины  «Экономика  и  организация  производства»  и  обязательны  для 
выполнения.  

Цель выполнения лабораторных работ - закрепить теоретические знания 

студентов по экономике, используя программный комплекс Windows (Word и 
Excel),  проверить  умение  применять  их  при  решении  отдельных  задач  в 
работе предприятий отрасли. 

Задачи выполнения лабораторных работ: 
-  развитие навыков самостоятельной, творческой работы; 
-  использование  компьютерных  методов  и  приемов  обработки 

экономической информации; 

-    умение  логически  обоснованно  выполнять  экономические  расчеты  и 

по  полученным  результатам  представлять  информацию  в  текстовом  виде  и  в 
виде таблиц, строить соответствующие графики. 

Выполнение лабораторных работ состоит в их решении и оформлении в 

соответствии  со  стандартом  АУЭС.  По  каждой  лабораторной  работе  должен 
быть составлен отчет.  

Отчет по лабораторной работе должен иметь следующую структуру: 
-  титульный лист; 
-  задание на лабораторную работу; 
-  решение лабораторной работы (таблицы, формулы, графики); 
-  анализ результатов расчетов и вывод по лабораторной работе. 
Порядок выполнения лабораторной работы: 
-  решение лабораторной работы в среде Excel; 
-  анализ полученных результатов в соответствии с заданием; 
-  построение графиков по полученным результатам; 
-  предоставление  файла  Excel  преподавателю  для  проверки  работы 

формул, ссылок, правильности составления исходных и расчетных таблиц; 

-  перенос результатов работы в среду Word и составление отчета; 
-  сдача отчета на проверку и получение допуска на защиту; 
-  защита лабораторной работы в установленное время. 
Студентам, у которых работа не зачтена в срок, баллы по данному виду 

работы  к  итоговому  экзамену  по  дисциплине  "Экономика  и  организация 
производства" снижаются. 

 
 
 

 
 
 
 


background image

6

 

 

1    Лабораторная  работа    №1.  Определение  объема  и  состава 

программы  ремонтных  работ  электроцеха.    Расчет  численности 
персонала 

 
Цель  работы:  изучить  методы  определения  годового  времени 

нахождения  электрооборудования  в  ремонтах  и  на  этой  основе  провести 
расчеты состава групп ремонтного персонала и баланс их рабочего времени. 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            

1.1 

Методика проведения лабораторной работы 

 
1.1.1  Определение  объема  и  состава  программы  ремонтных  работ 

электроцеха. 

Планово-предупредительный  ремонт  оборудования  электростанций, 

подстанций, 

электрических 

сетей 

и 

энергохозяйства 

предприятий 

представляет  собой  комплекс  работ,  включающих  осмотр,  проверки  и 
испытания  оборудования,  ремонт  и  замену  отдельных  узлов  и  деталей,  в 
результате  которого  значения  технических  и  экономических  показателей 
оборудования  становятся  близкими  к  проектным,  что  обеспечивает 
длительную надежную и экономичную работу оборудования. 

Основной  принцип  ППР  —  ремонт  оборудования  до  начала  его 

интенсивного  износа  и  соответственно  предупреждение  аварий,  а  не 
ликвидация  ее  последствий.  Это  не  исключает  необходимости  в  аварийном 
ремонте, если авария все же имела место. 

Ремонт по системе ППР включает текущий ремонт и капитальный. 
Структура  ремонтных  циклов  электрооборудования  определяется  для 

заданного 

варианта 

электрооборудования 

на 

основе 

нормативной 

продолжительности  ремонтного  цикла  и  межремонтных  периодов  при 
двухсменной работе оборудования, приведённой в таблице 1.1. 

Структура  ремонтного  цикла  описывается  в  графическом  виде, 

например,  для  кабельных  сетей  так:  К-Т-Т-Т-Т-Т-Т-Т-Т-Т-Т-Т-Т-К  (буквой  К 
обозначено количество капитальных  ремонтов в году; буквой Т – количество 
текущих ремонтов). 

Для  разработки  программы  ремонтных  работ  находят  годовое 

количество  текущих  (n

T

)  и  капитальных  (n

K

)  ремонтов  каждого  вида 

оборудования по следующим формулам: 

 

 

 

 

                        (1.1) 

 

 

(1.2) 

Тц  

;

  

T

 

Тц          

Т 

а 

n

 

N

 

n

 

 

 

 

Кц  

,

       

к 

Т 

а 

N

 

n

 

 

 


background image

7

 

 

где N – количество однотипного оборудования (таблица 1.2); 
n

ТЦ

 – количество текущих ремонтов в ремонтном цикле; 

Т

ТЦ

, Т

КЦ

 – продолжительность периода между ремонтами (таблица 1.1); 

а – коэффициент, учитывающий число смен работы оборудования (а=1,4 

при  односменной  работе,  а=1,0  при  двухсменной  работе,  а=0,6  при 
трехсменной работе). Число смен работы оборудования дано в таблице 1.2. 

Количество текущих ремонтов в ремонтном цикле определяется: 
 

   (1.3) 

   (1.3) 

где  Т

ТЦ

,  Т

КЦ

  –  продолжительность  ремонтного  цикла  (равна  периоду 

между ремонтами, который приведен в таблице 1.1). 

Исходные  данные,  промежуточные  расчеты  и  конечные  результаты 

вычислений  сводятся  в  таблицу,  составленную  в  среде  Excel  с  введением  
соответствующих формул и наличием ссылок на зависимые ячейки. 

Годовое время ремонтов электрооборудования, 

Тр, определяется как: 

 

 

                   (1.4) 

где  Р

Сi

  –  ремонтосложность  единицы  оборудования  (приведена  в 

ремонтных единицах для каждого вида оборудования в таблице 1.1); 

1,2  и  15  –  нормы  времени  в  часах  на  одну  ремонтную  единицу 

соответственно при производстве текущего и капитального ремонта. 

 
1.1.2 Расчет численности персонала. 
Рабочий  персонал  делится  на  две  группы:  эксплуатационный  и 

ремонтный. Различают также явочный и списочный состав рабочих.  

Списочный  состав включает тех  рабочих, которых необходимо иметь в 

штате предприятия для обслуживания электрохозяйства. 

Явочным  называется  состав  рабочих,  которых  необходимо  иметь  для 

выполнения всех работ при заданном режиме работы. 

Количество  электротехнического  персонала  определяют  в  зависимости 

от  ремонтосложности  (количества ремонтных единиц) электрооборудования. 

Явочный состав эксплуатационных рабочих рассчитывают по формуле: 
 

э

c

n

i

э

я

Р

P

N

m

R

, чел, 

 

(1.5) 

где − число смен работы однотипного оборудования;  
N − количество единиц однотипного оборудования;  
Р

с

 − ремонтосложность каждой единицы оборудования;  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

 

,

 

)

 

15

 

2

 

,

 

1

 

(

 

i

 

Ci

 

Ki

 

Ti

 

P

 

час, 

P

 

n

 

n

 

T