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6. If you study hard, you will (pass) your exam.
Exercise 10. Use the correct tense form:
If you 1) saw this film, we 2) would discuss it later. If she 3) had a problem, I 4) would help her. If we 5) had traveled by car, we 6) would have saved a lot of money. If he doesn’t give her flowers once a week she 8) will be offended. If they 9) blamed him, it 10) would serve him right. When the children 11) come home for Christmas, the parents 12) will be happy. When the summer season 13) comes , there 14) will be a lot of tourists here. When you 15) go shopping, use your credit card. You 16) will feel better, after you 17) take the tablet. We 18) will buy their car after father 19) gets his salary. I 20) will not try this dress on before I 21) know how much it 22) is. I 23) will wake you up as soon as I 24) get up. They 25) will make an announcement about the plane as soon as it 26) lands. As soon as Tom 27) fixes the engine we 28) will continue our journey. As soon as he 29) writes to me I 30) will let you know. We 31) will lie in the sun and 32) swim in the warm sea unless the weather 33) changes for the worse. She 34) will not marry him unless he 35) gives up his bad habits. You 36) won’t lose weight unless you 37) eat less. We 38) will have a good time while our holiday 39) lasts. I 40) will keep you here, until you 41) tell the truth.
Infinitive (to + verb) - Gerund (verb + -ing)
| The full infinitive (inf. with to) is used: | The -ing form is used: |
| 1. to express purpose. He went to buy some bread | 1. as a noun Smoking is dangerous. |
| 2. after would love / like / prefer. I'd love to see you tonight. | 2. after love, like, dislike, hate, enjoy. I love going to discos. |
| 3. after adjectives (angry, glad, happy, sorry, pleased, annoyed, etc). I'm glad to see you here. | 3. after start, begin, stop, finish. He started doing his homework at 5:00. |
| 4. with too or enough. He's too old to drive. She's clever enough to understand it. | 4. after go for physical activities. She went skiing last Sunday |
| 5. after certain verbs (advise, agree, appear, decide, expect, hope, manage, offer, promise, refuse, seem, want, etc). I hope to meet him again. | 5. after certain verbs (avoid, admit, confess to. deny, look forward to, mind, object to, prefer, regret, risk, spend, suggest, etc). I don't mind helping you with the dishes. |
| 6. after question words (where, how, what, who, which). Why is not used with to - infinitive. I don't know what to do. BUT: Nobody knew why he was angry. | 6. after the expressions: I'm busy, it's no use, it's (no) good, it's worth, what's the use of, be used to, there's no point (in). It's worth seeing that film. |
| 7.after adjectives (angry, glad, happy, sorry, pleased, annoyed, etc). I'm glad to see you here. | 7. after prepositions. He left without taking his coat. |
| 8. with too or enough. He's too old to drive. She's clever enough to understand it. | 8. after hear, see, sound to emphasize an action in progress I saw her crossing the street. (I saw her while she was crossing the street.) I saw her cross the strret (I saw her when she had crossed the street.) |
| The bare infinitive (inf. without to) is used: | |
| 1. after modal verbs (can, must etc). We must leave soon. | |
| 2. after let / make / hear / see + object. Let me go or I'll make you regret it. | |
| 3. after modal verbs (can, must etc). We must leave soon. | |
NOTE
1) Some verbs can take a full infinitive or the -ing form with no difference in meaning. These verbs are:
begin, hate, like, love, prefer, start etc.
e.g. He likes to watch / watching the birds.
2) If the subject of the verb is the same as the subject of the infinitive, then the subject of the infinitive is omitted. If, however, the subject of the verb is different from the subject of the infinitive, then an object pronoun (me, you, him etc) is placed before the infinitive.
Compare: I want to be back at 10 o'clock.
I want him to be back at 10 o'clock.
Exercise 11. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.
Dear Julie,
I am writing to thank (thank) you for my birthday present. I was so happy 2) to receive it –I had so many lovely presents, I don’t know what 3) to do with them all! On my birthday I went for a meal with some friends and afterwards we went 4) dancing at that new club on Poplar Street. If you haven’t been, it’s certainly worth 5) going there.
Now that I’m old enough 6) to drive, I’m busy 7) taking driving lessons. Dad has said he’ll let me 8) use his car as long as I promise 9) to be careful.
Well, I must 10) go now. I hope 11) to hear from you soon.
Love,
Madeleine
Exercise 12 put the verbs in brackets in the infinitive or the –ing form.
He advised me to see a lawyer, (see)
1) I hate traveling by train, (travel)
2) He left without _saying_ goodbye, (say)
3) She managed __to lose__ a lot of weight, (lose)
4) _Swimming_ helps you keep fit, (swim)
5) They made him __tell__ them the truth, (tell)
6) Matt goes__jogging__ every morning, (jog)
7) We are sorry_to inform_ you that you have failed the exam, (inform)
8) I'd love _to go__ to the cinema tonight, (go)
9) I look forward to __seeing__ you again soon, (see)
10) It's no use __trying__ to make him change his mind, (try)
11) Sue went to the library __to borrow__ some books, (borrow)
12) I don't know how __to do__ this exercise, (do)
| Too + adjective/adverb (negative implication) | He’s too young to have a car. (He’s so young that he can’t have a car.) |
| Adjective/adverb + enough (positive implication) | She’s clever enough to do the exercise. (She can do the exercise.) It’s early enough for us to catch the bus. (It’s quite early so we can still catch the bus.) |
| Enough + noun | He’s got enough courage to do it. |
Exercise 13. Put the verbs in brackets into the infinitive or-ing form.
My mother is an amazing woman. She is 87 years old and she still enjoys 1) going out (go out) for a walk every day. She doesn't mind 2) __doing_ (do) all her housework and she's glad 3) __to help__ (help) her elderly neighbours when they can't 4) ___go__ (go) to the shops. She's too old 5) _to dig_ (dig) the garden any more- she stopped 6) _doing_ (do) that last year - but she's still healthy enough 7) __to mow__ (mow) the grass! In the summer she still goes 8) __swimming__ (swim) when it's warm and she lets her grandchildren 9) __bury_ (bury) her in the sand. She often says, "It's no good 10) __being__ (be) alive if you don't enjoy yourself." I'd love 11) __to be___ (be) like my mother when I'm her age.