1. a) Мой папа работает в институте.

b) Мой папа работает в институте с 1995 года.

2. a) Моя бабушка готовит обед.

b) Моя бабушка готовит обед с двух часов.

3. a) Моя сестра спит.

b) Моя сестра спит с пяти часов.

4. a) Моя мама убирает квартиру.

b) Мама убирает квартиру с утра.

5. a) Дедушка смотрит телевизор.

b) Дедушка смотрит телевизор с шести часов.

6. a) Мой дядя пишет стихи.

b) Мой дядя пишет стихи с детства.

7. a) Она читает.

b) Она читает с утра.

8. a) Они играют в волейбол.

b) Они играют в волейбол с детства.

9. a) Мы изучаем английский язык.

b) Мы изучаем английский язык с 1998 года.

2. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в одном из следующих времен: Present Simple, Present Continuous, Present Perfect, Present Perfect Continuous:

1. This man (to be) a writer. He (to write) books. He (to write) books since he was a young man. He already (to write) eight books. 2. What you (to do) here since morning? 3. Lena is a very good girl. She always (to help) her mother about the house. Today she (to help) her mother since morning. They already (to wash) the floor and (to dust) the furniture. Now they (to cook) dinner together. 4. He (to run) now. He (to run) for ten minutes without any rest. 5. What they (to do) now? – They (to work) in the reading room. They (to work) there for already three hours. 6. Where he (to be) in the garden. He (to play) volleyball with his friends. They (to play) since breakfast time. 7. I (to live) in St. Petersburg. I (to live) in St. Petersburg since 1990. 8. This is the factory where my father (to work). He (to work) here for fifteen years. 9. You (to find) your notebook? – No! I still (to look) for nit. I already (to look) for it for two hours, but (not yet to find) it. 10. You (to play) with a ball for already three hours. Go home and do your homework. 11. Wake up! You (to sleep) for ten hours already. 12. I (to wait) for a month already, but (not yet to receive) it. 13. She already (to do) her homework for two hours; but she (not yet to do) half of it. 14. I (to wait) for you since two o’clock. 15. What you (to do)? – I (to read) for already two hours. I already (to read) sixty pages. 16. It is difficult for me to speak about this opera as I (not to hear) it. 17. I just (to receive) a letter from my granny, but I (not yet to receive) any letters from my parents. 18. The weather (to be) fine today. The sun (to shine) ever since we got up. 19. Every day I (to wind) up my watch at 10 o’clock in the evening. 20. Come along, Henry, what you (to do) now? I (to wait) for you a long time. 21. Where your gloves (to be)? – I (to put) them into my pocket. 22. I (to stay) with some American friends in Chicago. I (to stay) with them for two weeks now. I (to have) a great time here. I (to take) the opportunity to improve my English. I already (to see) the towering skyscrapers of Chicago, which are reflected in the rippling water of Lake Michigan. I just (to take) a picture of Chicago’s Sears Tower which (to rise) 1,707 feet and (to provide) a panoramic view from the sky deck. 23. I (to go) to give that cat some food. I (to be) sure it (to starve). – But Jane already (to feed) the cat. You needn’t do it.

14. Страдательный залог (The Passive Voice)

1. Переведите, обращая внимание на залог:

A. 1. He left for Moscow. 2. The news will be of great interest. 3. They were speaking to him. 4. She studied many subjects. 5. He was much spoken about. 6. New subjects will be studied next term. 7. I am working now. 8. The text has already been written by them. 9. He studies at our school. 10. You are playing chess, aren’t you? 11. The text is being translated at the moment. 12. Do you work at this lab? 13. When I saw him, he was going home. 14. They will have passed their exams by 3 o’clock. 15. This book was written by our teacher. 16. We shall be written our tests at 10 o’clock. 17. The work will have been done when he comes. 18. We translated this text. 19. The letter had been written before we came. 20. We shall inform you. 21. These toys are made in Japan.

B. 1. They can be seen in our library every day. 2. The delegation is headed by the Prime Minister. 3. The child was often left home alone. 4. These houses were built last year. 5. All letters had been written when we came. 6. This film is much spoken about. 7. The machine is being tested now. 8. His work has been already finished. 9. I was told to wait for him. 10. Your letter will have been answered by Monday. 11. The experiment was being carried out from ten till twelve o’clock. 12. Children under sixteen will not be admitted here.

2. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в нужном времени и залоге:

1. I’m not reading these books today. They (return) to the library. 2. The paintings (exhibit) till the end of the month. 3. Why your home task (not do)? 4. She was taken to the hospital today, and (operate) tomorrow morning. 5. This room (use) only on special occasions. 6. Bicycles must not (leave) here. 7. This newspaper (not read). The pages (cut). 8. Dictionaries may not (use) at the examination. 9. Usually this street (sweep) every day, but it (not sweep) yesterday. 10. This book (leave) in the classroom yesterday; it (find) by the teacher. 11. Thousands of new houses (build) every year. 12. This room (not use), for a long time. 13. The children are very excited this morning. They (take) to the circus this afternoon.

3. Переведите, используя нужный залог:

A. 1. Эта книга была прочитана всеми. 2. Письмо будет отправлено завтра. 3. Ее часто спрашивают? 4. На ваш вопрос ответят завтра. 5. Текст переводился вчера с двух до трех. 6. Работа только что завершена нами. 7. Эти книги уже будут опубликованы к концу года. 8. Наша контрольная работа сейчас проверяется? 9. О новой книге будут много говорить. 10. В нашем городе сейчас строится много новых зданий. 11. Ключи были утеряны вчера. 12. Мальчика возьмут в кино. 13. Вам сказали об этом? 14. Телеграмма уже получена?

B. 1. Он сказал мне, что текст будет переведен к 10 часам завтра. 2. Все картины, которые вы здесь видите, написаны одним и тем же художником. 3. Письмо будет отправлено завтра. 4. Работа будет закончена в срок. 5. За доктором послали? Сделайте это как можно скорее. У ребенка высокая температура. 6. Эта книжка была написана до того, как автор стал знаменитым. 7. Сотни новых домов будут построены к концу этого года. 8. Эта история давно забыта всеми.

15. Герундий (The Gerund)

1. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на герундий:

1. Watching football matches can be exciting enough, but of course it is more exciting playing football. 2. She stopped coming to see us, and I wondered what had happened to her. 3. Can you remember having seen the man before? 4. She was terrified of having spoken to anybody, and even more, of being spoken to. 5. He was on the point of leaving the club, as the porter stopped him. 6. After being corrected by the teacher, the students’ papers were returned to them. 7. I wondered at my mother’s having allowed the journey. 8. I understand perfectly your wishing to start the work at once. 9. Everybody will discuss the event, there is no preventing it. 10. At last he broke the silence by inviting everybody to walk into the dining-room. 11. On being told the news she turned pale. 12. The place is worth visiting.

2. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на герундий:

1. I avoided speaking to them about that matter. 2. She burst out crying. 3. They burst out laughing. 4. She denied having been at home that evening. 5. He enjoyed talking of the pleasures of traveling. 6. Excuse my leaving you at such a moment. 7. Fancy seeing her in tears! 8. Please forgive my interfering. 9. He gave up smoking a few years ago. 10. They went on talking. 11. He keeps insisting on my going to the south. 12. Oh, please, do stop laughing at him. 13. Do you mind my asking you a difficult question? 14. Would you mind coming again in a day or two? 15. I don’t mind wearing this dress. 16. She could not help smiling. 17. I cannot put off doing this translation.

3. Раскройте скобки, употребляя герундий в активной или пассивной форме:

1. Why do you avoid (to speak) to me? 2. She tried to avoid (to speak) to. 3. The doctor insisted on (to send) the sick man to hospital. 4. The child insisted on (to send) home at once. 5. Do you mind him (to examine) by a heart specialist? 6. He showed no sign of (to recognize) me. 7. She showed no sign of (to surprise). 8. He had a strange habit of (to interfere) in other people’s business. 9. I was angry at (to interrupt) every other moment. 10. He was always ready for (to help) people. 11. He was very glad of (to help) in the difficulty. 12. On (to allow) to leave the room the children immediately ran out into the yard and began (to play). 13. In (to make) this experiment they came across some very interesting phenomena. 14. The results of the experiment must be checked and re-checked before (to publish). 15. The watch requires (to repair). 16. The problem is not worth (to discuss).

4. Переведите, используя герундий:

1. Он никогда не соглашался отправиться в такое опасное путешествие. 2. Он не одобрял ее пристрастие к кофе. 3. Учитель математики не одобрял фантазии детей. 4. Все в моей жизни зависит от твоей любви ко мне. 5. Я не думаю, что его видел. 6. Я настаивал на том, чтобы мне рассказали правду. 7. Похоже, что дитя плакало. 8. Если вы не возражаете, то я открою окно. 9. Похоже будет дождь. 10. Моему другу удалось перевести текст. 11. Я предлагаю прочитать этот текст. 12. Бедняки благодарили Робин Гуда за помощь. 13. Мы очень хотим видеть вас. 14. Она всегда жаловалась на недомогание. 15. Перед отправлением нужно присесть. 16. После проведения эксперимента, ученые пошли в конференц-зал. 17. После того, как вопрос был обсужден, о нем все забыли.

16. Причастия: The Participle I, The Participle II

1. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на Participle I, Participle II:

1. a) A letter sent from St. Petersburg today will be in Moscow tomorrow.

b) He saw some people in the post office sending telegrams.

c) When sending the telegram she forgot to write her name.

2. a) Some of the questions put to the lecturer yesterday were very important.

b) The girl putting the book on the shelf is the new librarian.

c) While putting the eggs into the basket she broke one of them.

3. a) A fish taken out of the water cannot live.

b) A person taking a sunbath must be very careful.

c) Taking a dictionary, he began translating the text.

4. a) A line seen through this crystal looks double.

b) A teacher seeing a mistake in a student’s dictation always corrects it.

c) Seeing clouds of smoke over the house, the girl cried: “Fire! Fire!”

5. a) The word said by the student was not correct.

b) The man standing at the door of the train carriage and saying good-bye to his friends is a well-known musician.

2. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Participle или Perfect Participle:

1. (to live) in the south of our country, he cannot enjoy the beauty of St. Petersburg’s White Nights in summer. 2. (to talk) to her neighbor in the street, she did not notice how a thief stole her money. 3. (to read) the story, she closed the book and put it on the shelf. 4. (to buy) some juice and cakes, we went home. 5. (to sit) near the fire, he felt very warm. 6. (to do) his homework, he was thinking hard. 7. (to do) his homework, he went for a walk. 8. (to sell) fruit, he looked back from time to time, hopping to see his friends. 9. (to sell) all the fruit, he went to see his friends. 10. (to eat) all the potatoes, she drank a cup of tea. 11. (to drink) tea, she scalded her lips. 12. (to run) in the yard, I fell and hurt my knee. 13. (to look) through some magazines, I came across an interesting article about UFOs. 14. (to write) out and (to learn) all the new words, he was able to translate the text easily.

3. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на независимый причастный оборот:

1. You can set your mind at ease, all being well. 2. There being no chance of escape, the thief was arrested on the spot. 3. Oliver knocked weakly at the door and, all his strength failing him, sank near the door. 4. The bridge having been swept away by the flood, the train was late. 5. There being little time left, they hired a cab to get to the theatre in time. 6. It being cold and damp, a fire was lighted for the weary travelers to warm themselves by. 7. It being pretty late, they decided to postpone their visit. 8. The hour being late, she hastened home. 9. The sun having set an hour before, it was getting darker. 10. The weather being cold, he put on his overcoat. 11. The weather having changed, we decided to stay where we were. 12. The weather being very warm, the closet window was left open. 13. And the wind having dropped, they set out to walk. 14. The vessel being pretty deep in the water and the weather being calm, there was but little motion. 15. The resistance being very high, the current in the circuit was very low.

17. Инфинитив (The Infinitive)

1. Вставьте частицу to перед инфинитивом, где необходимо:

1. I like … play the guitar. 2. My brother can … speak French. 3. We had … put on our overcoats because it was cold. 4. They wanted … cross the river. 5. It is high time for you … go to bed. 6. May I … use your telephone? 7. They heard the girl … cry out with joy. 8. I would rather … stay at home today. 9. He did not want … play in the yard any more. 10. Would you like … go to England? 11. You look tired. You had better … go home. 12. I wanted … speak to Nick, but could not … find his telephone number. 13. It is time … get up. 14. Let me … help you with your homework. 15. I was planning … do a lot of things yesterday. 16. I’d like … speak to you. 17. I think I shall be able … solve this problem. 18. What makes you … think you are right? 19. I shall … do all I can … help you. 20. I like … dance. 21. I’d like … dance. 22. She made me … repeat my words several times. 23. I saw him … enter the room. 24. She did not let mother … go away. 25. Do you like … listen to good music? 26. Would you like … listen to good music? 27. That funny scene made me … laugh.

2. Замените выделенные части предложений инфинитивными оборотами:

1. I have no books which I can read. 2. Is there anybody who will help you with your spelling? 3. Don’t forget that she has a baby which she must take care of. 4. Have you got nothing that you want to say on this subject? 5. There was nothing that he could do except go home. 6. I have only a few minutes in which I can explain these words to you. 7. I have an examination which I must take soon, so I can’t go to the theatre with you. 8. King Lear decided to have a hundred knights who would serve him after he had divided up his kingdom.

3. Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму инфинитива:

1. I hope (to see) you soon. 2. We expect (to be) back in two days. 3. He expected (to help) by his friends. 4. I want (to take) to the concert by my father. 5. He seems (to read) since morning. 6. I am glad (to do) all the homework yesterday. 7. She seems (to work) at this problem ever since she came here. 8. I am sorry (to break) my pen.

4. Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму инфинитива:

1. I hate (to bother) you, but the student are still waiting (to give) books for their work. 2. He seized every opportunity (to appear) in public: he was so anxious (to talk) about. 3. Is there anything else (to tell) her? I believe she deserves (to know) the state of her sick brother. 4. He began writing books not because he wanted (to earn) a living. He wanted (to read) and (not to forget). 5. I consider myself lucky (to be) to that famous exhibition and (to see) so many wonderful paintings. 6. He seems (to know) French very well: he is said (to spend) his youth in Paris. 7. The enemy army was reported (to overthrow) the defense lines and (to advance) towards the suburbs of the city. 8. The woman pretended (to read) and (not to hear) the bell. 9. You seem (to look) for trouble. 10. It seemed (to snow) heavily since early morning: the ground was covered with a deep layer of snow. 11. They seemed (to quarrel): I could hear angry voices from behind the door. 12. Perhaps it would upset her (to tell) the truth of the matter. 13. They are supposed (to work) at the problem for the last two months. 14. The only sound (to hear) was the snoring of grandfather in the bedroom. 15. Her ring was believed (to lose) until she happened (to find) it during the general cleaning. It turned out (to drop) between the sofa and the wall. 16. They seemed (to wait) for ages.

18. Инфинитивная конструкция: Сложное подлежащее

(Complex Subject)

1. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на сложное подлежащее:

1. Many books are known to be published in our country every year. 2. You are supposed to graduate in four years. 3. Radium is said to be very radioactive. 4. This device was known to have been designed in that laboratory. 5. His invention is considered to be of great importance. 6. The sun is known to represent a mass of compressed gases. 7. The new rocket is reported to go into operation next year. 8. This type rocket is supposed to have many advantages. 9. For a long time the atom was thought to be indivisible. 10. The helium atom was found to have two electrons. 11. I did not know what I was expected to say to that, so I said nothing. 12. He was said to be one of the most promising nuclear physicists. 13. He is said to be a good translator. 14. Roberta was known to be an honest and hardworking girl. 15. Clyde was expected to arrive at the weekend. 16. Becky and Tom were supposed to have stayed at the widow Douglas’. 17. The number of the unemployed is reported to be increasing with every year. 18. Many new textbooks are expected to be published soon. 19. The Moscow Underground is said to be the finest in the world. 20. A hare is known to run very fast. 21. The man was seen to take off his coat. 22. The diamond content of the mines in Western Yakutia is said to be in no way inferior to that of the world-famous South Africa mines. 23. That power station is known to be situated on the Angara River. 24. These devices are considered to be very effective.

2. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на сложное подлежащее:

1. Money just doesn’t happen to interest me. 2. In the middle of the lecture Dr. Sommerville happened to pause and look out of the window. 3. From the very first mention of Long John, I was afraid that he might turn out to be the very one-legged sailor whom I had watched for so long at the inn. 4. Clyde seemed to have been thinking of no one else but Sondra since their last meeting. 5. Clyde appeared to have forgotten of his promise to spend his spare evenings with Roberta. 6. She appeared to be an excellent actress. 7. One day a Hare happened to meet a Tortoise. 8. The Tortoise seemed to be moving very slowly. 9. The Hare turned out to be the loser of the race. 10. The apparatus seemed to be in excellent condition. 11. You appear to have found in him something that I have missed. 12. This work seems to take much time. 13. The operation seemed to be a complicated one. 14. The new methods of work appear to be very effective. 15. The percentage of carbon in this steel turned out to be low. 16. Irving turned out to be a long, pale-faced fellow. 17. His office turned out to be in one of the back streets. 18. He appeared to be an ideal man. 19. She doesn’t seem to want to do anything I suggest. 20. He turned out to have no feeling whatever for his nephew. 21. This appeared to amuse the policeman. 22. You can easily get in through the window if the door happens to be locked. 23. The peasants did not seem to see her. 24. The Gadfly seemed to have taken a dislike to Signora Grassini from the time of their first meeting. 25. You don’t seem to have done any great thing to yourself by going away. 26. “Jim,” he said at last, in a voice that did not seem to belong to him.

19. Инфинитивная конструкция: Сложное дополнение

(Complex Object)

1. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на оттенки значений сложного дополнения в зависимости от того, выражена ли его вторая часть причастием или инфинитивом:

1. He felt her arm slipping through his. 2. She felt her hands tremble. 3. Now and then he could hear a car passing. 4. He felt his heart beat with joy. 5. He felt his heart beating with joy. 6. She could hear her father walking up and down the picture gallery. 7. We saw him cross the street looking to the left and to the right. 8. I felt the wind blowing through a crack in the wall. 9. We stood on deck and watched the sun going down. 10. I heard him playing the piano in the house. 11. It is nice to see people enjoying themselves. 12. We watched the planes circling above us. 13. Nobody noticed him come in and sit down. 14. I felt Nick put his hand on my shoulder. 15. She felt tears roll down her cheeks. 16. I was so weak that I felt my knees shaking.

2. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на сложное дополнение:

1. He wanted his letters sent once. 2. I don’t want my papers looked through. 3. She did not want her child taken to hospital. 4. She gave him some papers and said that the client wanted them signed. 5. The teacher wants our homework to be prepared well. 6. Would you like your luggage carried upstairs? 7. I want a bedroom prepared for my guest. 8. If you want things done well, do them yourself. 9. I should very much like it to be made clear to me. 10. The traveler entered the inn and ordered supper to be prepared.

3. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на сложное дополнение:

1. They had some dinner brought. 2. She had the children looked after in the evening when she went out. 3. Ellen had her needle threaded for her as her eyesight was getting worse and worse. 4. I must have these shoes mended. 5. I shall have my son taught music. 6. The planters had the trees in the jungle cut down. 7. I shall have your taxi kept at the door. 8. I shall have your things brought up and unpacked at once. 9. I must have my hair cut tomorrow. 10. I have just had my photograph taken and thought you might like to get one. 11. I meant to have this dress altered but I never did. 12. She has had no photographs of herself taken since her childhood. 13. Have this carpet spread on the floor.

4. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя сложное дополнение:

1. Я хочу, чтобы все дети смеялись. 2. Я хочу, чтобы все это прочитали. 3. Мне хотелось бы, чтобы доктор посмотрел его. 4. Дети хотели, чтобы я рассказал им сказку. 5. Я не хочу, чтобы она знала об этом. 6. Он хотел, чтобы его друг пошел с ним. 7. Мой брат хочет, чтобы я изучила испанский язык. 8. Я бы хотел, чтобы мои ученики хорошо знали английский язык. 9. Я не хочу, чтобы ты получил плохую оценку. 10. Мне бы не хотелось, чтобы они опоздали. 11. Я не хотела, чтобы вы меня ждали. 12. Она бы хотела, чтобы ее брат получил первый приз. 13. Я хочу, чтобы вы прочли эту книгу. 14. Мне бы хотелось, чтобы вы приехали к нам. 15. Она хотела, чтобы ее сын хорошо закончил школу. 16. Им бы хотелось, чтобы мы проиграли игру. 17. Она не хотела, чтобы я уехал в Москву. 18. Я бы не хотел, чтобы вы потеряли мою книгу. 19. Папа хочет, чтобы я была пианисткой. 20. Мы хотим, чтобы этот артист приехал к нам в школу. 21. Вам бы хотелось, чтобы я рассказал вам эту историю? 22. Хотите, я дам вам мой словарь?

20. Прямая и косвенная речь (Direct and Indirect Speech)

Согласование времён в косвенной речи (Sequence of Tenses)

1. Передайте следующие повелительные предложения в косвенной речи:

1. The teacher said to me: “Hand this note to your parents, please.” 2. Oleg said to his sister: “Put the letter into an envelope and give it to Kate.” 3. “Please help me with this work, Henry,” said Robert. 4. “Please bring me some fish soup,” he said to the waitress. 5. “Don’t worry over such a small thing,” she said to me. 6. “Please don’t mention it to anybody,” Mary said to her friend. 7. “Promise to come and see me,” said Jane to Alice. 8. He said to us: “Come here tomorrow.” 9. I said to Mike: “Send me a telegram as soon as you arrive.” 10. Father said to me: “Don’t stay there long.” 11. Peter said to them: “Don’t leave the room until I come back.” 12. “Take my luggage to Room 145,” he said to the porter. 13. He said to me: “Ring me up tomorrow.” 14. “Bring me a cup of black coffee,” she said to the waiter. 15. “Don’t be late for dinner,” said mother to us. 16. Jane said to us: “Please tell me all you know about it.”

2. Передайте следующие повествовательные предложения в косвенной речи:

1. He said: “I have just received a letter from my uncle.” 2. “I am going to the theatre tonight,” he said to me. 3. Mike said: “I spoke to Mr. Brown this morning.” 4. He said to her: “I shall do it today if I have time.” 5. I said to them: “I can give you my uncle’s address.” 6. Oleg said: “My room is on the second floor.” 7. He said: “I am sure she will ring me up when she is back in St. Petersburg.” 8. Misha said: “I saw them at my parent’s house last year.” 9. He said: “I haven’t seen my cousin today.” 10. “I don’t go to this shop very often,” she said. 11. The mother said: “The children are in the nursery, doctor.” 12. “I have no time for lunch today,” said the boy to his mother. 13. “You speak English very well,” said the woman to me. 14. My brother said to me: “I am going to become a doctor.” 15. My uncle said to us: “I buy several newspaper every day.”

3. Передайте следующие специальные вопросы в косвенной речи:

1. Mother said to me: “Who has brought this parcel?” 2. He said to her: “Where do you usually spend your summer holidays?” 3. Ann said to Mike: “When did you leave London?” 4. She said to Boris: “When will you be back home?” 5. Boris said to them: “How can I get to the railway station?” 6. Mary asked Tom: “What time will you come here tomorrow?” 7. She asked me: “Why didn’t you come here yesterday?” 8. She asked me: “What will you do tomorrow if you are not busy at your office?” 9. I said to Nick: “Where are you going?” 10. I said to him: “How long are you going to stay there?”

4. Передайте следующие общие вопросы в косвенной речи:

1. I said to Mike: “Have you packed your suitcase?” 2. I said to Kate: “Did anybody meet you at the station?” 3. I said to her: “Can you give me their address?” 4. I asked Tom: “Have you had breakfast?” 5. I asked my sister: “Will you stay at home or go for a walk after dinner?” 6. I said to my mother: “Did anybody come to see me?” 7. I asked my sister: “Will Nick call for you on the way to school? 8. She said to the young man: “Can you call a taxi for me?” 9. Mary said to Peter: “Have you shown your photo to Dick?” 10. Oleg said to me: “Will you come here tomorrow?” 11. He said to us: “Did you go to the museum this morning?”

21. Сослагательное наклонение (The Subjunctive Mood)

1. Раскрывая скобки, напишите каждое предложение три раза, образуя условные предложения I, II и III типов:

1. If my friend (to come) to see me, I (to be) very glad. 2. If mother (to buy) a cake, we (to have) a very nice tea party. 3. If we (to receive) a telegram from him, we (not to worry). 4. If you (not to work) systematically, you (to tall) at the examination. 5. If you (to be) busy, I (to leave) you alone. 6. If I (to live) in Moscow, I (to visit) the Tretyakov Gallery every year. 7. If I (to get) a ticket, I (to go) to the Philharmonic. 8. If I (to live) near a wood, I (to gather) a lot of mushrooms. 9. If my father (to return) early, we (to watch) TV together. 10. If she (to know) English, she (to try) to enter the university.

2. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующейся форме:

1. If he were not such an outstanding actor, he (not to have) so many admirers. 2. If you (to give) me your address, I shall write you a letter. 3. If she (not to be) so absent-minded, she would be a much better student. 4. If my sister does not to go to the south, we (to spend) the summer in St. Petersburg together. 5. If they (not to go) to Moscow last year, they would not have heard that famous musician. 6. If you (not to get) tickets for the Philharmonic, we shall stay at home. 7. If you were not so careless about your health, you (to consult) the doctor. 8. I should be delighted if I (to have) such a beautiful for coat. 9. If it (to rain), we shall have to stay at home. 10. If he (to work) hard, he would have achieved great progress. 11. If it is not too cold, I (not to put) on my coat. 12. I (to write) the composition long ago if you had not disturbed me.

3. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующейся форме:

1. If you (not to buy) coffee, we shall drink tea. 2. If he is free tomorrow, he certainly (to come) to our party. 3. My brother would not have missed so many lessons if he (not to hurt) his leg. 4. If my friend (to work) in my office, we should meet every day. 5. If you spoke English every day, you (to improve) your language skills. 6. If you get a “five”, your mother (to be) happy. 7. If she (to return) earlier, she would have been able to see him before he left. 8. If these shoes were not too big for me, I (to buy) them. 9. If you (to ring) me up, I shall tell you a secret. 10. If you (to be) a poet, you would write beautiful poetry. 11. If he did not read so much, he (not to know) English literature so well.

4. Переведите, употребляя глаголы в требующейся форме:

1. Если бы он не был так близорук, он бы узнал меня вчера в театре. 2. Вы бы много знали, если бы регулярно читали этот журнал. 3. Если бы они были богаты, они бы давно купили бы машину. 4. Если бы я знал французский, то давно бы с ней поговорил. 5. Если завтра вы придете в школу, то увидите моего нового друга. 6. Если бы он был умнее, то не пошел бы вчера в лес. 6. Если бы она не читала так много, она бы не была такой умной. 7. Если мой друг будет завтра дома, он скажет, что делать. 8. Если он не сдаст экзамен, то не получит стипендию. 9. Если бы она мне не помогла, я был бы в затруднительной ситуации. 10. Мой папа имел бы больше свободного времени, если бы не читал журналы. 11. Если бы вы мне дали знать, я пошел бы туда немедленно. 12. Если бы он пришел к нам вчера, он встретил бы много моих друзей.

22. Словообразование WORD BUILDING

1. Переведите, обращая внимание на

суффиксы существительных:

Inclusion - включение

Continuation-____________

Production-_____________

Absorption-_____________

Consideration-___________

Generator - генератор

Distributor-_____________

Cooler-________________

Operator-_______________

Consumer-______________

Attachment - прикрепление

Assessment-_____________

Movement-______________

Establishment-___________

Replacement-____________

Development-____________

Punishment-______________

Regularity - регулярность

Similarity-______________

Popularity-______________

Viscosity-______________

Stability-_______________

Creature - создание

Departure-____________

Mixture-______________

Pleasure-______________

Pressure-______________

Signature-_____________

Seizure-_______________

Difference-различие,

Insistence- __________________

Dependence- ________________

Correspondence- _____________

Resistance- __________________

Assistance- __________________

Significance-_________________

Blackness - чернота

Deafness-_____________

Cleanness-_____________

Coldness-_____________

Darkness-______________

Greatness-_____________

Whiteness-_____________

Opening-открытие

Breaking-_____________

Repairing-_____________

Measuring-____________

Building-______________

Суффиксы прилагательных:

Communicative - общительный

Imitative-_________________

Regulative-_______________

Illustrative-_______________

Demonstrative-____________

Attractive-________________

Central - центральный

Cultural-_______________

Formal-________________

Intellectual-_____________

Postal-_________________

Global-________________

Reproducible - воспроизводимый

Permissible-___________

Interchangeable-________

Breakable-_____________

Bearable-______________

Profitable-_____________

Monotonous - монотонный

Nervous-______________

Dangerous-_____________

Ceremonious-___________

Religious-______________

Glorious-_______________

Harmonious-____________

Different - различный

Significant-__________________

Insistent-____________________

Dependent-__________________

Correspondent-_______________

Resistant-____________________

Assistant-____________________

Beautiful - красивый

Careful-______________

Doubtful-_____________

Fruitful-______________

Peaceful-_____________

Useful-_______________

Hopeful-_____________

Successful-___________

Aimless - бесцельный

Fruitless-_____________

Helpless-______________

Homeless-_____________

Hopeless-_____________

Shameless-_____________

Useless-_______________

Cubic - кубический

Atmospheric-____________

Historic-________________

Metallic-________________

Basic-__________________

Суффиксы глаголов:

To vaporize - испарять

To characterize-__________

To oxidize-______________

To criticize-_____________

To realize-______________

To magnetize-____________

To fraternize-____________

To generalize-____________

Суффикс наречия:

Freely - свободно

Possibly-_______________

Deeply-________________

Safely-_________________

Easily-_________________

Simply-________________

Префиксы:

To reread - пересчитывать

To reform-____________

To recover-____________

To redo-______________

To reelect-____________

To reestablish-__________

Unknown - неизвестный

Uncommon-____________

Independent-____________

Inaccessible-____________

Irregular-_______________

Impossible-_____________

2. Найди в каждом ряду существительное:

1. a) developing b)developed c) development d) develop

2. a) provide b) providing c) provision d) provided

3. a) attend b) attention c) attentive d) attending

4. a) knowledge b) smaller c) know d) knows

5. a) better b) keep c) keeper d) kept

6. a) finder b) finding c) finds d) harder

7. a) build b) better c) built d) builder

8. a) behavior b) therefore c) until d) think

9. a) possible b) other c) realize d) influence

10. a) quite b)way c) equip d)later

3. Найдите в каждом ряду прилагательное:

1. a) probably b)property c) probable d) properly

2. a) suddenly b) different c) degree d) during

3. a) excellent b) member c) enough d) explanation

4. a) dangerous b) danger c) determine d) discovery

5. a) changes b) consideration c) consist d) changeable

6. a) decision b) decide c)decisive d) divide

7. a) possible b) probably c) opportunity d) provide

8. a) simplicity b) shake c) scientific d) schedule

9. a) production b) produce c) productive d) provision

10. a) attends b) admission c) achievement d) attentive

4. Прочитайте каждое из следующих слов, определите, к какой части речи оно относится и от какого слова образовано. Переведите каждое слово:

durability dangerous replacement

stormy movement quantitative

indifferent simplicity entrance

dwelling irregular flyer

appearance weakness hardly

influential distant bravely

development slowly traveler

mainly weightlessness different

thickness supposition necessity

historic islander happiness

reasonable promotion

5. Найдите в правой колонке перевод слов, приведенных в левой:

1. поселение a) settle b) settlement c) settler d) settles

2. независимость a) dependence b) independent c) depend d) independence

3. здание a) builder b) builds c) building d) build

4. реставрация a) restoration b) restorative c) restore d) restores

5. содействующий a) promote b) promoting c) promotion d) promotes

6. замененный a) replacement b) place c) replace d) replaced

7. значение a)mean b) meaning c) meant d) means

8. предположение a) supposes b) suppose c) supposed d) supposition

9. летчик a) flyer b) fly c) flight d) flying

10.мощный a)power b) powerless c) powerful d) proper

11.медленно a) slower b)slowly c) slow d) slowest

12.вес a) weighty b) weightlessness c) weight d) weightless

23. Предлоги (Prepositions)

1. Заполните пропуски предлогами места или времени:

It was 7 o’clock (1) … a cold morning (2) … January. She was still asleep. She usually stayed (3) … bed (4) … about 9 o’clock (5) … winter.

Suddenly she was woken up by a knocking at the door. She got (6) … bed and went (7) … the door. There was a man (8) … the doorstep. She thought she recognized him. “Hello, Edna,” he said. “It’s Tom. Can I come (9) …?” And then she knew who it was but she didn’t quite believe it. She hadn’t seen him (10) … thirty years, (11) … the summer of !($) when she’d said goodbye to him the night (12) … his final departure. That was when he went off (13) … war. It was two years (14) … that when she received the letter (15) … The War Office which said that Tom had been missing (16) … some time and was now presumed dead. She kept on hoping that they were wrong right up (17) … the end of the war. But then she gave up. (18) … Then, she’d continued to think of Tom every day. (19) … his birthday, she always stayed (20) … home all day because she couldn’t bear to meet anybody. She’d met Tom (21) … the age of sixteen and they’d had a wonderful time together (22) … the start of the war. She was nineteen when war broke out and they had been together (23) … three years. They were going to get married (24) … the war.

2. Выберете из скобок нужный предлог:

1. They ran (across/opposite) the road.

2. We had a picnic on the hill (over/above) the town.

3. He put the ladder (against/up) the wall.

4. The snake moved quietly (through/across) the tall grass.

5. The mouse ran quickly (across/through) the path.

6. The cat walked slowly (on top of/ along) the wall.

7. We sat (on top of/along) the cliffs and watched the sea.

8. Someone pushed a letter (under/below) the door.

9. She drove (between/through) the gates.

10. I held the parcel (behind/past) my back.

11. They walked (in front of/past) the school gate.

12. I pushed my bike (over/above) the bridge.

13. The bank clerk stood (against/towards) the wall.

14. We waited (down/under) a tree.

15. I put my suitcase (on top of/ over) the wardrobe.

3. Заполните пропуски нужными предлогами:

1. The dog ran … the tree five or six times. 2. We flew slowly … the suburbs of Paris. 3. I moved the baby … the fire. 4. The policeman went … the crowd and arrested a young man. 5. If you put some money … here, the machine will start. 6. They had nowhere to stay, so they slept … a bridge. 7. The town hall is … the library and the museum. 8. We watched the soldiers as they walked … our house on the way to the ship. 9. They ran out of the dressing-room … the football pitch. 10. London is … the south-east of England. 11. The dog stood … the door and waited. 12. They walked hand-in-hand … the side of the canal. 13. I held the rucksack … my back. 14. The cat jumped … my arms and ran away. 15. I threw the stone … to the sea. 16. The bottles fell … the lorry and rolled … the hill. 17. We crawled … a hole in the fence. 18. What have you got … your hand?

Приложение

1. Транскрипция

Чтобы правильно произнести слово, были созданы знаки фонетической транскрипции. Транскрипция помогает правильно читать буквы и их сочетания. Наша речь состоит из звуков. Каждому звуку соответствует знак транскрипции. В английском языке 44 звука. Звуков больше, чем букв в английском алфавите (26 букв).

Звуки бывают гласные и согласные. Гласные звуки бывают долгие и краткие. Долгий гласный звук на письме обозначается знаком [:]. Долгота звука важна, чтобы не ошибиться в значении слова. Например, Ship - гласный звук [i] читается кратко и слово переводится «корабль»; Sheep - гласный звук [i:] читается долго и слово переводится «овца».

Согласные звуки бывают глухие (p, t, k) и звонкие (d, b, g), шипящие и свистящие.

Звуки

Описание гласных звуков

[i:] - долгое «и» (ива)

[i] - краткое и открытое «и» (игла)

[е] - «е» «э» в словах «шесть», «эти»

[æ] - «э», но более открытое

[α:] - долгое заднее «а», похожее на «а» в ударном слоге «шапка»,

[ე] - краткое, очень короткое «о», «тот»

[ე:] - долгое «о», «полно»

[u ] - краткое «у» со слабым округлением губ

[u:] - долгое «у» без сильного выдвижения губ

[Λ] - как русское неударное «о» и «а» в словах «мосты», «сады», но английский

звук [Λ] почти всегда стоит под ударением

[ə]- неясный безударный звук, близкий к [Λ]

[ə:] - произносится как долгое «ё» в словах «Фёкла», «Гёте»

Двугласные (дифтонги)

Дифтонг - это гласный со скользящей артикуляцией, т.е. гласный, при произнесении которого органы речи изменяют свое положение к концу произнесения.

[eı]- «эй» [oı] - «ой»

[ou]- «оу» [ıə] - «иа»

[aı] - «ай» [εə] - «эа»

[au] - «ау» [uə] – «уа»

Описание согласных звуков

[p] - «п» (произносится с аспирацией (придыханием)

[b] - «б»

[m] - «м»

[w] - звук, близкий к «у», но не образующий слога

[f] - «ф»

[v] - «в»

[ð] - «в» (кончик языка поместить между зубами или у зубов, и произнести русский звук «в» с голосом)

[θ] - «ф» (кончик языка поместить между зубами или у зубов, и произнести русский звук «ф» без голоса)

[s] - «с»

[z] - «з»

[t] - «т» (произносится с аспирацией; кончик языка находится не у зубов, а у десен

[d] - «д» (кончик языка у десен)

[n] - «н» (кончик языка у десен)

[l] - «л» (кончик языка у десен)

[r] - нераскатистое, очень краткое, слабое «р». Кончик языка немного завернуть назад и находится против той части твердого неба, где производится звук «ж».

[∫] - мягкое «ш»

[ჳ] - мягкое «ж»

[t∫] - «тч», «ч»

[dჳ] - «дж»

[k] – «к» (произносится с аспирацией)

[g] – «г»

[ŋ] – задненебное «н» (произносится не кончиком языка, а задней частью его стенки)

[h] – простой выдох

[j] – слабый «й»

Алфавит

В английском языке 26 букв: 20 согласных и 6 гласных.

Алфавит Гласные (Vowels) Согласные (Consonants)

Aa Nn Aa Bb Rr

Bb Oo Ee Cc Ss

Сс Pp Ii Dd Tt

Dd Qq Oo Ff Vv

Ee Rr Uu Gg Ww

Ff Ss Yy Hh Xx

Gg Tt Jj Zz

Hh Uu Kk

Ii Vv Ll

Jj Ww Mm

Kk Xx Nn

Ll Yy Pp

Mm Zz Qq

Слоги

Слоги бывают открытые и закрытые.

Открытые слоги оканчиваются на гласную букву ( mo- ; ri- ; de- ); закрытые слоги оканчиваются на согласную букву (буквы) (cat, pen, man).

4типа чтения гласных букв под ударением

Основные сочетания согласных и гласных букв

[ð] – в служебных словах:

th / this, that, the

\ [θ] – в значимых словах:

thin, thank, fifth

sh [∫] – she, shop, fish

ch [t∫] – child, inch, chess

ck [k] – neck, Nick

ng [ŋ] – sing, song, ring

nk [ŋ] – sink

qu [kw] – question

wr [r] – write

/ [w] – what

wh

\ [h] – who, перед «о» читается «h»

al [ე:] – chalk

wo [ə:] – work

igh [ai] – light

[wე ] - want

wa /

\ [wე] – warm

Чтение ударных сочетаний гласных букв

ai Spain

} [ei] {

ay day

ea sea

} [i:] {

ee meet

ew [ju:] new

oi point

} [oi] {

oy boy

oo + k,d [u] book, good

oo [u:] too

ou out

} [au] {

ow brown

ai +r [εə] chair

ee +r [ıə] engineer

ou +r [αuə] our

oo +r [ე:] door

Чтение некоторых согласных букв

/ [s], перед e, i, y (cent, pencil)

c

\ [k] (cat, clear)

/ [dჳ] перед e, i, y (gentle, gin, gym)

g

\ [g] (garden, gate). Исключение: give [giv] – давать, дать

/ [s] в начале слова, перед глух. согласными и в конце слова после

s глухих согласных (send, blocks, desk)

\ [z] между гласными и в конце слов после гласных и звонких

согласных (pens, please)

/ [ks], перед согласными и в конце слова (text, six)

x

\ [gz], перед ударной гласной (exam)

2. Таблица неправильных глаголов (Irregular verbs)

abide abode abode пребывать

arise arose arisen возникнуть

awake awoke awoke будить

bear bore born родить(ся)

become became become становиться

befall befell befallen происходить, случаться

begin began begun начинать

behold beheld beheld видеть, замечать

bend bent bent сгибать

bereave bereft bereft лишать

beseech besought besought упрашивать

bet bet bet держать пари

bid bade bidden велеть, просить

bid bid bid просить, велеть

bind bound bound связывать

bite bit bit кусать

bleed bled bled кровоточить

blend blent blent смешивать

blow blew blown дуть

break broke broken ломать

breed bred bred выращивать

bring brought brought приносить

burn burnt burnt гореть, жечь

burst burst burst взорваться

buy bought bought покупать

cast cast cast кинуть, лить (металл)

catch caught caught ловить, успевать

choose chose chosen выбирать

cleave cleft cleft рассечь

cling clung clung цепляться, льнуть

come came come приходить

cost cost cost стоить

creep crept crept ползти

crow crew crown кукаректь

cut cut cut резать

deal dealt dealt иметь дело

dig dug dug копать

draw drew drawn рисовать, тащить

dream dreamt dreamt мечтать, сниться

drink drank drunk пить

drive drove driven вести (машину)

fall fell fallen падать

feed fed fed кормить

feel felt felt чувствовать

find found found находить

flee fled fled бежать

fling flung flung бросить

fly flew flown летать

forbid forbade forbidden запрещать

forgive forgave forgiven прощать

freeze froze frozen мерзнуть

gild gilt gilt золотить

give gave given давать

grind ground ground молоть

grow grew grown расти

hang hung hung вешать, висеть

have had had иметь

hew hewed hewn рубить

hit hit hit попадать в цель

hold held held держать, проводить

hurt hurt hurt ушибить(ся)

keep kept kept держать, хранить

kneel knelt knelt стоять на коленях

knit knit knit вязать

know knew known знать

lay laid laid класть, положить

lead led led вести

lean leant leant прислоняться

leap leapt leapt прыгать

learn learnt learnt учить

leave left left покидать, оставлять

let let let позволять

lie lay lain лежать

light lit lit сиять, светить

make made made делать

mean meant meant означать

meet met met встречать

mislead misled misled вводить в заблеждение

mistake mistook mistaken ошибаться

mow mowed mown косить

overcome overcame overcome преодолевать

pay paid paid платить

put put put класть

read read read читать

rend rent rent разрывать

ride rode ridden ехать верхом

ring rang rung звонить

rise rose risen подняться

run ran run бежать

saw sawed sawn пилить

say said said сказать

seek sought sought искать

sell sold sold продать

send sent sent посылать

set set set устанавливать

sew sewed sewn шить

shake shook shaken трясти

shear sheared shorn стричь

shed shed shed проливать

shine shone shone светить

shoe shod shod подковывать

shoot shot shot стрелять

show showed shown показывать

shred shred shred резать, рвать

shrink shrank shrunk сжимать(ся)

shrive shrove shriven исповедовать

shut shut shut закрывать

sing sang sung петь

sink sank sunk тонуть

sit sat sat сидеть

sleep slept slept спать

slide slid slid скользить

sling slung slung швырять

slink slunk slunk красться

slit slit slit разрезать в длину

smell smelt smelt пахнуть

smite smote smitten разрушать

sow sowed sown посеять

speak spoke spoken говорить

speed sped sped мчаться

spell spelt spelt произносить по буквам

spend spent spent проводить, тратить

spill spilt spilt пролить

split split split расщеплять

spread spread spread распространять

spring sprang sprung возникать

steal stole stolen красть

stick stuck stuck уколоть, приклеить

sting stung stung ужалить

stink stunk stunk вонять

stride strode stridden шагать

string strung strung нанизывать

strive strove striven натянуть, нанизать

swear swore sworn клясться

sweep swept swept мести

swing swung swung качаться

take took taken брать

teach taught taught учить

tear tore torn рвать

tell told told сказать

think thought thought думать

throw threw thrown бросать

thrust thrust thrust толкнуть

unbend unbent unbent разгибать

undertake undertook undertaken предпринимать

upset upset upset опрокидывать

wear wore worn носить (одежду)

weep wept wept плакать

win won won выигрывать

wind wound wound заводить (механизм)

withhold withheld withheld

отказывать в чем-либо

wring wrung wrung сжать, скрутить

write wrote written писать