ВУЗ: Казахская Национальная Академия Искусств им. Т. Жургенова
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Visual 192. Panning as If Onstage (see color Visual
192C)
Sometimes the drums might be panned exactly
the way the drum set is physically set up.
Visual 193. Natural Panning of Drum Kit (see color
Visual 193C)
Again, it is often the style of music that deter-
mines if panning is to be natural. For example, you
can practically do whatever you want in hip hop or
techno; whereas in big band music, it is very impor-
tant to pan everything in the same way that the band
sets up onstage. Acoustic jazz is also sometimes
panned just the way the band sets up live.
An engineer will sometimes place the musicians
in the studio as if they were live onstage, just so they
feel comfortable. For example, a folk group or cham-
ber orchestra is commonly set up in a semi-circle out
in the studio, then panned exactly the same way in
the mix. Technically, the imaging will be better; there
is less chance of phase cancelation and the relation-
ships between the instruments are kept in their nat-
ural state. This helps to create the illusion that you
are there with the band.
In classical music, it is an extremely strict rule
that the panning is done exactly the way the orches-
tra sets up. In fact, there are very particular rules
when it comes to setting up an orchestra onstage, so
everyone can hear the rest of the orchestra correctly.
BALANCED VS. LOPSIDED P A N N I N G
Probably one of the strongest dynamics that can be
created with patterns of panning is the difference
between a balanced (symmetrical) mix . . .
Visual 194. Balanced (Symmetrical) Mix (see color
Visual 44C)
. . . and a lopsided (asymmetrical) mix.
Visual 195. Lopsided (Asymmetrical) Mix (see color
Visual 45C)
A symmetrical mix might be used to create a bal-
anced type of dynamic appropriate for a balanced
type of song, such as a love song, a ballad, or a song
about a balanced ecology of mind. Whereas an asym-
metrical mix might be used to create a bit of tension
appropriate for an unbalanced type of song, such as a
song about psychotic, unbalanced behavior.
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Chapter Five
A mix is often made to be balanced or lopsided
at each frequency range. For example, if you are cre-
ating a symmetrical mix, you might put a hi-hat on
the left and place a shaker or acoustic guitar on the
other side to balance the high-frequency range. In
the midrange, you might put a guitar on the left to
balance a midrange keyboard on the right. In the
bass range, the kick and bass would be placed in the
center.
Visual 196. Mix Balanced at Each Frequency Range (see
color Visual 196C)
On the other hand, if you're creating a lopsided
mix, you might put all of the high-frequency sounds
on one side and put the midrange instruments on the
other side. Then for a bizarre effect, put the bass gui-
tar on one side and the kick drum on the other side.
Because this type of mix is out of the ordinary, it cre-
ates a component of tension.
Visual 197. Unbalanced Mix at Each Frequency Range
(see color Visual 197CI
As you can see, the possibilities are endless,
depending on the song and what you want to do. Cre-
ating balanced versus lopsided mixes can be an espe-
cially effective dynamic when it is appropriate.
CROWD CONTROL
Natural panning can be . . . natural, but these days it
is actually much more acceptable to not pan instru-
ments as they are on stage. This pallet between the
speakers is a different medium than that of a live
show. Why not utilize it to its fullest? Most people pan
things to wherever they sound the best, coolest, or
most interesting, instead of basing their placement
on where the band members happen to stand on a
stage. Therefore, if we think of the space between the
speakers as a pallet, then the panning can be based
on crowd control. How close are the members of the
crowd to each other? Are they far apart, just touch-
ing, overlapping, or right on top of each other?
You might want some sounds to be panned as far
from each other as possible, in order to create clarity,
so they don't touch each other. Such a dynamic might
be appropriate for certain types of music, like
acoustic jazz, folk music, or bluegrass.
Visual 198. Clarity Style of Mix: Acoustic Jazz (see
color Visual 198C)
108
The Art of Mixing
Visual 199. Clarity Style of Mix: Folk Music (see color
Visual 199C)
Visual 200. Clarity Style of Mix: Bluegrass (see color
Visual 200C)
On the other hand, sounds may be panned to
overlap in order to create a wall of sound, making the
mix seem more cohesive. This is commonly done in
heavy metal, alternative rock, and new age music.
Visual 201. Wall of Sound Style of Mix: Heavy Metal
(see color Visual 167C)
Visual 202. Wall of Sound Style of Mix: Alternative
Rock (see color Visual 168C)
Visual 203. Wall of Sound Style of Mix: New Age (see
color Visual 203C)
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Chapter Five
Besides the way that sounds overlap or not,
there is also the difference between panning an en-
tire mix as wide as possible between the speakers . . .
Level 3 Dynamics: Changing Panning
Visual 204. Mix With Extremely Wide Panning Overall
(see color Visual 204C)
. . versus not so wide.
Visual 205. Mix With Panning Not So Wide Overall (see
color Visual 205C)
The advantage of panning things as wide as possible
is that it provides more space between the sounds,
thus creating more clarity. The disadvantage is that it
can make the band sound less cohesive. By making
the spread narrower, the band and all of its parts
sound more like they are playing together. It all
depends on the density of the mix and the style of
music.
With 3D sound processors and surround sound,
you actually have more space to work with. Therefore,
the possibilities for panning and placement are
expanded tremendously.
Movement of a sound from left to right during a mix
creates such an intense dynamic that most engineers
save such dramatic creativity for special occasions.
There are a number of ways that sound can be
moved from left to right, creating innumerable pat-
terns of movement. First, you can pan a sound in dif-
ferent distances. Possibilities range from short,
minuscule moves to wide, sweeping moves that span
the entire distance from speaker to speaker.
Visual 206. Wide vs. Narrow Sweeping Panning
But you can also pan sounds at different speeds,
ranging from pans that move slowly to pans that
zoom back and forth between the speakers. You
might cause some serious goosebumps by making the
speed, or rate, of the pan equal to, a fraction of, or a
multiple of the tempo in the song. And aren't goose-
bumps the goal most of the time?
Changing panning is so intense that it will usu-
ally pull attention away from the song itself. However,
if the panning is done skillfully, it contributes to the
music as if the panpot is an instrument itself. Obvi-
ously, when it is appropriate for the song, this can be
a great effect. Hendrix did it a lot, especially in the
song "Crosstown Traffic." Led Zeppelin went bananas
in "Whole Lotta Love." Extensive movement of pan-
pots has become quite common in hip hop and
techno.
One of the most intense, fun, or chaotic things
you can do is move the panning of multiple instru-
ments in various ways all at once. Such a strong
110
The Art of Mixing
dynamic is normally reserved for songs where it
might be appropriate and when the band will let you.
As you can see, you can create a plethora of emotions
by how you set or move panpots in a mix. If you set
them based on tradition, the dynamic is often unno-
ticeable. However, if you set them different from the
norm, you create a stronger dynamic. If you set all the
panpots to create patterns, you are really wielding
some power.
A balanced mix will probably fit in and not be
noticed. But if you make a lopsided mix, it will more
than likely stick out, almost as if it is another musical
part in the song. Finally, if you move the panpots dur-
ing the mix, you aren't fooling around. Go for it, if
appropriate.
SECTION D
Time-Based Effects
Dynamics
There is an incredibly wide range of effects, and the
dynamics that they create range from subtle to shock-
ing, mesmerizing, and world changing. Furthermore,
when we use multiple effects together to create a pat-
tern, we can elicit a conglomeration of feelings and
emotions that can be overwhelming or just good,
clean fun. But changing the levels of effects, which
can include changing the parameters of effects, dur-
ing the song opens up entirely new avenues of cre-
ative expression. I'll now go into more detail on each
of the three levels of dynamics that can be created
with effects.
Level 1 Dynamics: Individual Effects Placement and
Relative Settings
Each and every effect in the studio has its own world
of emotional dynamics associated with it. For exam-
ple, reverb creates a more spacious (pick your own
adjective) feeling:
Visual 207. Spacious Reverb
Long delay times create a dreamy effect:
Visual 208. Dreamy Delay
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Chapter Five