Контрольная работа № 1 (1 курс)Контрольные работы следует выполнять по следующему принципу. В соответствии с начальной буквой фамилии выбрать вариант:А - И - 1 вариант;К - П - 2 вариант;Р - Я - 3 вариант.ВАРИАНТ 3Упр. 1. Глаголы tobe и tohaveПерепишите предложения, поставив глаголы tobe и tohave в указанную видовременную форму. Переведитепредложениянарусскийязык.1. The total length of all railway lines in Russia (to bе) equal of three times the length of the Equator. (Present Simple)2. The experimental locomotive (to have) a test run on a specially built track. (Future Simple)3. The Tsarskoye Selo Railway (to bе) the first public railway line in the Russian Empire. It (to bе) 27 km long and (to have) the gauge of 1,829 mm. (PastSimple)4. The double-deck car (to bе) a type of rail car that (to have) two levels of passenger accommodation. (Present Simple)5. The first steam locomotives (to bе) not reliable and they often broke down. (PastSimple)Упр. 2. Оборот Thereis /areСоставьте предложения из двух частей (А-В) и переведите их на русский язык.Образец:

А	В
There are	various types of cars
Существуют	различные типы вагонов

A	B
1. There is	a) no conductors on the first railways and an engine driver collected fares from passengers himself.
2. There are	b) a locomotive crew change when our train arrives in Boston.
3. There was	с) a special 6-km loop for testing new rolling stock in Shcherbinka.
4. There were	d) two main types of motive power available on the railways: electric and diesel.
5. There will be	e) a locomotive at each end of a heavy freight train.

Упр. 3. Притяжательный падеж существительных(А) Перефразируйте следующие словосочетания по образцу, употребляя притяжательный падеж, и переведите их на русский язык.Образец: the work of the railway engineer → a railway engineer’s work работа инженера путей сообщения1. the first transcontinental railways of Canada

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2. rolling stock of the railway company3. the stopping distance of the diesel locomotive4. electrical hardware of the trains5. the requirements of a cargo owner6. the importance of the railroad(Б) Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык.1. On opening day of the Stockton-Darlington Railway, the Company’s rolling stock consisted of 1 locomotive, 1 passenger coach and 150 freight wagons.2. Bombardier’s double-decker railway cars are used on suburban trains in Germany.3. In the 19^th century, railway transport had an important influence on every country’s economic and social development.Упр.4. Степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий(А) Образуйте сравнительную и превосходную степень следующих прилагательных по образцу. Переведите на русский язык.Образец:long (длинный) – longer (длиннее) - the longest (самый длинный)

• 
  flat
  
• 
  powerful
  
• 
  heavy
  
• 
  broad
  
• 
  economical
  
• 
  good
  
• 
  common
  

(Б) Перепишите предложения и переведите их. Подчеркните прилагательные и наречия в сравнительной или превосходной степени. Укажитестепеньсравнения.1. Under the right circumstances, transporting freight over long distances by rail is more economic and more energy efficient than transporting it by road.2. Theair brake and the automatic coupler are among the most important railroad inventions of the ^19th century.3. About 75% of the world’s railways have the gauge of q,435 mm, 11% of the railways use the broader gauge and 14% have the narrower gauge.4. The Konkan Railway crosses the tallest viaduct in Asia (its height is 64 m) and the longest railway tunnel in India (its length 6,5 km).5. After World War II, diesel traction replaced steam because of its higher efficiency and lower cost.(В) Заполните пропуски, выбрав один из предложенных вариантов. Запишите свои ответы и переведите их.Образец: It is _____ and more convenient to carry these goods by rail than by road.

• 
  a) cheapest
  
• 
  b) the most expensive
  
• 
  c) cheaper
  
• 
  d) cheap
  

It is cheaper and more convenient to carry these goods by rail than by road.Дешевле и удобнее перевозить эти грузы по железной дороге, чем автомобильным транспортом.1. On curves, the outer rail may be a ___ level than the inner rail.

• 
  a) highest
  
• 
  b) more high
  
• 
  c) higher
  
• 
  d) most high
  

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2. The Trans-Siberian Mainline is one of the world’s longest and ___ railways.

• 
  a) busiest
  
• 
  b) fastest
  
• 
  c) narrowest
  
• 
  d) straightest
  

3. Automatic block signaling is much safer and ___ than the manual one.

• 
  a) less reliable
  
• 
  b) more reliable
  
• 
  c) the most reliable
  
• 
  d) the least reliable
  

4. Modern locomotives can haul the trainsets weighting 6,000 tons and ___.

• 
  a) wider
  
• 
  b) heavier
  
• 
  c) easier
  
• 
  d) steeper
  

5. The ___ method of railway construction is laying the track in pre-assembled length.

• 
  a) more modern
  
• 
  b) most rare
  
• 
  c) most durable
  
• 
  d) most exciting
  

6. For many centuries, transportation by water was much ___ and cheaper than that by land.

• 
  a) more easier
  
• 
  b) the easiest
  
• 
  c) easy
  
• 
  d) easier
  

7. Intermodal freight recently surpassed coal to become ___ source of revenue for US freight railroads.

• 
  a) the strongest
  
• 
  b) the smallest
  
• 
  c) the largest
  
• 
  d) the widest
  

8. It is much ___ to go by high-speed trains because it takes you less time to get to your destination.

• 
  a) the least convenient
  
• 
  b) more convenient
  
• 
  c) the most convenient
  
• 
  d) less convenient
  

9. The ___ rolling stock on the Great Britain railway network has a maximum operating speed of 125 mph.

• 
  a) longest
  
• 
  b) most reliable
  
• 
  c) slower
  
• 
  d) fastest
  

10. The railway become ___ means of transportation thanks to the invention of the steam locomotive.

• 
  a) the most important
  
• 
  b) the least important
  
• 
  c) more important
  
• 
  d) less important
  

Упр.5. Времена групп Simple, Continuous, Perfect в действительном залоге(А) Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык. Подчеркните в каждом из них сказуемое и укажите его видовременную форму по модели. Обратите внимание на то, что в предложении может быть несколько сказуемых.Образец: The train has just arrived(Present Perfect Active) at the station.Поезд только что прибыл на станцию.1. InGermany,alllong-distancetrainshaveаticketinspectorwhocheckstheticketsbutticket-sellingonboardhadwithdrawnfromDecember2011.2. In spiteofsevereweatherconditions,trainswereallrunningontimeyesterday.3. Overits50-yearhistory,Japan’shigh-speedShinkansennetworkhascarriedbillionsofpassengerswithoutа singlemajoraccident.4. BNSFRailwayisnowusingdronestoinspecttracksfordefectsandtomonitorairquality.5. InDerby,thereisаschoolfordieseltraindrivers.Railwayworkers,whohavealready gained

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some practicalexperienceon differentrailways, attend theschooltoimprovetheirskills.(Б) Перепишите предложения, поставив глагол в указанную видовременную форму. Переведитепредложениянарусскийязык.Образец: Railway construction in France (to begin – Past Simple Active) in the early 19^th century. Railway construction in France began in the early 19^th century. Строительство железных дорог во Франции началось в начале 19 века.1. The US (to rank - Present Simple Active) first in the world in the volume offreighttraffic.2. Manypeople,who(not/totravel-PastPerfectActive)bуtrainpreviously,(to use/now-PresentContinuousActive)therailwaysmoreregularly.3. New Zealand's worst rail disaster (to happen - Past Simple Active) in 1953. TherailwaybridgeatTangiwai(tocollapse-PastSimpleActive)whenаWellington-Aucklandexpresspassengertrain(tocross-Past ContinuousActive)it.4. The Alaska government (to propose - Present Perfect Active) to construct аrailroad, which (to link - Future Simple Active) the rail networks of the US,CanadaandRussiaviaа90-kmrailtunnelundertheBeringStrait5. By the late 1980s, American railroads (to become - Past Perfect Active) the main carries of fright on long distances.Упр.6. Порядок слов в общих и специальных вопросахПерепишите предложения. К каждому предложению задайте по два вопроса: общий и специальный. Специальные вопросы начинайте с вопросительных слов, данных в скобках.Образец: The train arrived at the station fiveminutesago. (Когда?)Did the train arrive at the station five minutes ago? (общий вопрос)When did the train arrive at the station? (специальный вопрос)1. InChina,IndiaandRussiarailwaysstillremaintheprinciplecarrierofbothpassengersandgoods? (Где?)2. Withinfiveyears,therailwaywascarryingover

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seven million passengers a year. (Как долго?)

3. Train fares will go up bу seven percent next week. (На сколько?)

4. In Japan, the first refrigerator cars entered service for fish transport in1908. (Когда?)

5. Railway engineers have designed sophisticatedsignalingandtraffic control systems. (Какие?)
Упр.7. Текст
(А) Прочитайте текст, устно переведите его на русский язык и письменно выполните послетекстовые упражнения.
JSC RUSSIAN RAILWAYS
Russian Railways Joint-Stock Company (JSC) was established in September 2003. It operates one of the largest transport systems in the world. The total operating length often public railway network exceeds 85,500 km. 40 % of railways are double-track or multiple-track lines and about 50 % are electrified. The railway network extends over nine time zones. It links 85 of the 89 Russian regions and almost all the major cities. The Company provides passenger and freight transportation to 17 European and Asian countries. The rolling stock includes more than 19,000 locomotives and approximately 670,000 freight and passenger cars.

JSC Russian Railways ranks fourth in the list of the «400 Largest Companies in Russia». It employs over 1.2 million people, or 2 % of Russia’s working population. In 2016, the Company’s net revenue amounted to about 3.7 billion rubles.

JSC Russian Railways includes various branches: 17 territorial railway companies; plants for manufacture, repair and maintenance of rolling stock; scientific research institutes; construction entities. The Company plays an important part in the economic development of Russia.

Railways of our country handle а high proportion of passenger traffic. Whereas rail transport carries only 6 % of passengers in Western Europe and about 1 % in the USA, in Russia the figure rises to 42 %. Although people

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