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Тема:
Учебнаялексика
Universities ________ students on the results of entrance exams. + admit
His ________ on tests did not allow him to go on with studies. + scores
Success in one _______ doesn’t influence another. + subject
You are supposed to learn this poem … + by heart
College education in the USA is aimed at the development of ______ skills. + vocational
Тема:
Профессиональнаялексика
Listen to my reading and don’t _______ to correct me if I make a mistake. + hesitate
Great Britain is famous for the art of ______ dictionaries. + compiling
During Peter I’s ______ Russia won many glorious victories. + reign
Early man used to ______ the Sun and the Moon as his gods. + worship
Тема:
Деловаялексика
Their accounts were _______, they had been fooling the customers for years. + phoney
The company made a public _______ that the prices would decrease. + announcement
They touched upon a wide _______ of subjects in their conversation. + range
Bids had to be in by 6.00 and we put ours in ten minutes before the … + deadline
He is a manager and he has to _______ with any complaint. + deal
We did badly in the Japanese market so eventually we decided to cut our _______ and stop. + losses
Тема:
Термины (Дефиниции)
A declarative sentence that is either true or false is … + a statement
The process of inheriting norms, customs and ideologies that provides the individual with the skills and habits necessary for participating within their own society is … + socialization
A branch of philosophy that addresses questions about morality – that is, concepts such as good and evil, right and wrong, justice, etc. is … + ethics
A branch of linguistics that comprises the study of the sounds of human speech is … + phonetics
The use of skill and imagination in the creation of aesthetic objects, environments, or experiences that can be shared with others is … + art
Тема:
Местоимения
There aren’t ______ easy ways of learning languages. + any
Unfortunately, ______ knew the history of this ancient town. + nobody
Sam telephoned but there was ______ at home. + nobody
I can hear a noise; I think _______ is outside. + somebody
There were ______ interesting people at the party last night. + no
Тема:
Существительное
The money _______ to him. + belongs
Do you think the police _______ well-paid? + are
He had ________ holiday last summer. + a month’s
Тема:
Предлоги
They should arrive ________ the airport in about an hour. + at
It was very stupid ________ him to make such a silly mistake. + of
Walk ________ the station, but turn right a couple of blocks before you get there. + towards
They discussed, ________ other things, recent events in Europe. + among
We should arrive _______ Paris at six in the morning. + in
Тема:
Глаголи
егоформы
By the time we all returned from holiday father and Bob _______ redecorating the kitchen. + had finished
He has been doing exercises since five o’clock and he _______ ten so far. + has done
My youngest brother _______ a new job a week ago. + got
He will be late for the train if he _______ at once. + doesn’t start
I slipped away while the others … + were having lunch
If you _______ to see Judie, ask her to phone me. + happen
Тема:
Неличныеформыглагола
Many film stars now hire bodyguards because they want … + protecting
He left the shop without _______ so he was accused of stealing. + paying
Would you be so kind as _______ me move the sofa? + to help
The train _________ in a minute later, the two brothers parted. + coming
Before ________ anything you should ask the price. + buying
He is clever enough _______ the crossword. + to do
Тема:
Модальныеглаголы
Quite luckily, Nick’s departure was delayed by one day and so we ________ to spend one more evening together. + were able
They ________ go to the theatre together because Nelly had agreed to baby-sit for them. + were able to
You ________ wash the car. The paint is still wet. + mustn’t
I bought everything we need yesterday so I ____ go shopping today. + don’t have to
He speaks French like a Frenchman, he _________ by an excellent teacher. + must have been taught
Тема:
Фразовыеглаголы
Her secret was given _______ by her friend by mistake. + away
Without my glasses I can hardly make ________ the words on this page. + out
He turned _____at the very end of the party when nobody expected him to appear. + up
The customs officer went through their bags looking _______ drugs. + for
I was taken _______ when I heard she’d married him. She’d never loved him. + aback
Тема:
Бытоваясфера
Выберитереплику, наиболеесоответствующуюситуацииобщения.
Mother: «Is anything the matter?» Son: «__________». + Quite well really.
A: «Would you like a cup of hot tea?» B: «__________». + I’d love to.
Passer-by 1: «Am I going in the right direction?» Passer-by 2: «__________________». + Oh yes!
Wife: «Could you do some shopping?» Husband: «_______________». + Right away.
Тема:
Учебно-социальнаясфера
Выберитереплику, наиболеесоответствующуюситуацииобщения.
Teacher (subordinate): «I hope I didn’t keep you waiting». Dean: «_____________». + You are in time.
Professor: «Revise Chapter 5 before testing». Student: «_______________». + Thank you. Of course, I will!
Teacher 1: «_______________». Teacher 2: «I’ll think it over». + I think you should reconsider your position.
Тема:
Социально-деловая сфера
Выберите реплику, наиболее соответствующую ситуации общения.
Hostess: «Your bag is 3 kilos overweight. You have to pay excess luggage charge».
Passenger: «_______________». + Oh? It’s only three kilos. All right then.
Agent: «South-West Airways. Myra Davis speaking».
Customer: «_____». + Good afternoon. Can you please tell me how much it costs to fly from Los Angeles to Hong-Kong?
Customer: «How much does this scarf cost?»
Shop-assistant: «_______________». + Five dollars. It’s on special this week.
Agent: «British Railways. Can I help you?»
Customer: «__». + Good afternoon. Can you give me the times of fast trains to Edinburgh, please?
Receptionist: «Just a moment, please, while I check. You have a reservation for a three-room suite for tonight»
Guest: «___?»+ I’m afraid there’s been a mistake. I only asked for a single room, not a suite.
Тема:
Профессионально-деловая сфера
Выберите реплику, наиболее соответствующую ситуации общения.
Manager: «Have you rented a car for me, Mrs Terry?»
Secretary: «_______________». Yes, sir. You can pick it up at the airport.
Secretary: «Mr Jensen to see you Mr Green».
Manager: «_______________». + Thank you Carol. Tell him I’ll talk to him in a minute.
Manager: «Your promotion has been declined».
Employee: «_______________». + Sorry to hear that, but thank you for the information.
Director General: «The results of your department are not so good as it was expected».
Manager: «_______________». + Sorry to hear that. We will do our best to improve the situation
A: «Excuse me. Can I see John Marshall?»
B: «_____________». + I’m afraid, Mr. Marshall is out.
Тема:
Великобритания
One of the most popular, very slow and long English summer games played on a green field by two teams of eleven players each is called … + cricket
The famous Battle of Trafalgar which resulted in the victory of the British fleet and the death of the national hero Admiral Nelson was fought in … + Spain
A stage through which a bill has to go before it becomes an Act of the British Parliament is called … + reading
Stonehenge is a (an) ______ which is located in Britain. + prehistoric monument
The part of the UK which had been an independent state and was joined to Britain in 1707, after a long struggle for its independence is … + Scotland
Тема:
США
The highest peak of the USA, Mount McKinley, is located in … + Alaska
As the Americans are made up from nearly all races and nations the USA is often called the … + «melting pot»
The main industry of Washington D. C. is … + government
The Beaver State is a nick name for … + Oregon
Тема:
Канада
There are ________ provinces and territories in Canada. + thirteen
The maple leaf, a Canadian symbol, appears on the … + penny
Lady of the Snows is another name for … + Vancouver
The Queen’s representative, the_, carries out most of the royal duties in Canada. + Governor General of Canada
Тема:
Выдающиесяличностианглоговорящихстран
An English musician one of the founding members of The Beatles is … + John Lennon
The most prolific of all inventors in history, who patented 1,093 different inventions in the USA including the incandescent electric lamp, the motion-picture projector and the phonograph is … +
Thomas Edison
The first woman to hold the office of prime minister of Great Britain was … + Margaret Thatcher
A famous American writer of wit short stories with clever twist endings is … + O. Henry
A Scottish biologist and pharmacologist whose best-known achievement is the discovery of the antibiotic substance penicillin in 1928 is … + Alexander Fleming
Тема:
Изучающее чтение с элементами аннотирования
Family
1. The family, a basic social group united through bonds of kinship or marriage, has been present in all societies. Ideally, the family provides its members with protection, companionship, security, and socialization. The structure of the family and the needs that the family fulfils vary from society to society. The nuclear family – two adults and their children – is the main unit in some societies. In others, it is a subordinate part of an extended family, which also consists of grandparents and other relatives. A third family unit is the single-parent family, in which children live with an unmarried, divorced, or widowed mother or farther.
2. Historical studies have shown that family structure has been less changed by urbanization and industrialization than was once supposed. The nuclear family was the most prevalent pre-industrial unit and is still the basic unit of social organization. The modern family differs from earlier traditional forms, however, in its functions, composition, and life cycle and in the roles of husbands and wives.
3. The only function of the family that continues to survive all change is the provision of affection and emotional support by and to all its members, particularly infants and young children. Specialized institutions now perform many of the other functions that were once performed by the agrarian family: economic production, education, religion, and recreation. Jobs are usually separate from the family group; family members often work in different occupations and in locations away from the home. Education is provided by the state or by private groups. The family is still responsible for the socialization of children
+ nuclear family
+ All societies have regarded the family as a basic unit of social organization to provide its members with protection, companionship, security, and socialization.
+ As to the structure of the family, there are three different family units in the society.
+ The most important function of the family is to provide its members with affection and emotional support.
Renaissance
1. Renaissance, literally «rebirth», is the period in European civilization immediately following the Middle Ages, traditionally held to have been characterized by a rise of interest in classical learning and values. The Renaissance also witnessed the discovery and exploration of new continents, the substitution of the Copernican for the Ptolemaic system of astronomy, the decline of the feudal system and the growth of commerce, and the invention or application of such potentially powerful innovations as paper, printing, the mariner’s compass,and gunpowder. To the scholars and thinkers of the day, however, it was primarily a time of the revival of classical learning and wisdom after a long period of cultural decline and stagnation.
2. The term Middle Ages was coined by scholars in the 15th century to designate the interval between the downfall of the classical world of Greece and Rome and its rediscovery at the beginning of their own century, a revival in which they felt they were participating. Indeed, the notion of a long period of cultural darkness had been expressed by Petrarch even earlier. Events at the end of the Middle Ages, particularly beginning in the 12th century, caused a series of social, political, and intellectual transformations that culminated in the Renaissance. These included the increasing failure of the Roman Catholic Church and the Holy Roman Empire to provide a stable and unifying framework for the organization of spiritual and material life, the rise in importance of city-states and national monarchies, the development of national languages, and the breakup of the old feudal structures.
+ discovery and exploration of new continents
+ The Renaissance is the period of the culmination of great social, political and intellectual changes in European civilization.
+ The Renaissance is the revival of European civilization at the beginning of the 15th century.
+ The period of time between the downfall of the classical world of Greece and Rome and its rediscovery at the beginning of the 15th century is called the Middle Ages.
Тема:
Поисковое чтение с целью определения наличия в тексте запрашиваемой информации
Anthropology
1. Anthropology is the holistic «science of man». The discipline deals with the integration of different aspects of the social sciences, humanities, and human biology. Anthropology includes archaeology, prehistory, physical or biological anthropology, anthropological linguistics, social and cultural anthropology, ethnology and ethnography. The word anthropos is from the Greek for «human being» or «person». Eric Wolf described sociocultural anthropology as «the most scientific of the humanities, and the most humanistic of the sciences».
2. The goal of anthropology is to provide a holistic account of humans and human nature. Since anthropology arose as a science in Western societies that were complex and industrial, a major trend within anthropology has been a methodological drive to study peoples in societies with more simple social organization, sometimes called «primitive» in anthropological literature, but without any connotation of «inferior». Today, most anthropologists use terms such as «less complex» societies or refer to specific modes of subsistence or production, such as «hunter-gatherer» or «forager» or «simple farmer» to refer to humans living in non-industrial, non-Western cultures, such people or folk (ethnos) remaining of great interest within anthropology.
3. The quest for holism leads most anthropologists to study a particular folk or people in detail, using biogenetic, archaeological, and linguistic data alongside direct observation of contemporary customs. In the 1990s and 2000s, calls for clarification of what constitutes a culture, of how an observer knows where his or her own culture ends and another begins, and other crucial topics in writing anthropology were heard. It is possible to view all human cultures as part of one large, evolving global culture.
+ Anthropology is known to include a number of subdisciplines studying different aspects of human life and nature.
+ It appeared in complex industrial societies.
+ «human being»
+ Anthropology is the science studying humans and human nature.
Fashion
1. The concept of fashion implies a process of style change, because fashions in dress, as well as in furniture and other objects, have taken very different forms at different times in history. Most people follow fashion to some extent, because fashion refers to much more than the haute couture, the exclusive and expensive clothing produced by leading designers. Even schoolchildren are aware that fashions exist. Nevertheless, we do tend to distinguish between basic clothing, such as blue jeans, parkas and T-shirts, and the latest trendy fashions created by fashion designers. Fashion reflects the society of which it is a part. It has been influenced by wars, conquests, laws, religion, and the arts. Individual personalities have also had an impact on fashion. Royalty and heads of states have set fashion, and in the 20th century media stars have emerged as leaders of fashion. French writer Anatole France said that if he could come back to Earth 100 years after his death and have only one thing to read, he would choose a fashion magazine because that would show him the way people lived.
2. Fashion also has its critics, who have at times denounced fashion as irrational, frivolous, tyrannical, and immoral. Why should pink be in fashion one season and grey the next season? Why do people follow fashion like sheep when they have enough clothes already? A common accusation is that fashion designers accelerate fashion change to create new business. Yet no new fashion succeeds until people are ready to accept it. The final decision about what to buy, or whether to buy anything at all, belongs to the consumer. Ultimately, fashions change because many people like new and different styles.