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System Description |
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Wireless Power Transfer |
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Version 1.1.1 |
Table of Contents |
Table B-1: Analog ping based on a resonance shift............................................................................................................. |
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Table F-1: Changes from Version 1.0 to Version 1.0.1 ....................................................................................................... |
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Table F-2: Changes from Version 1.0.1 to Version 1.0.2.................................................................................................... |
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Table F-3: Changes from Version 1.0.2 to Version 1.0.3.................................................................................................... |
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Table F-4: Changes from Version 1.0.3 to Version 1.1 ....................................................................................................... |
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Table F-5: Changes from Version 1.1 to Version 1.1.1 ....................................................................................................... |
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© Wireless Power Consortium, July 2012
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System Description |
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Wireless Power Transfer |
Table of Contents |
Version 1.1.1 |
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© Wireless Power Consortium, July 2012 |
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System Description |
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Wireless Power Transfer |
Version 1.1.1 |
General |
1 General
1.1Scope
Volume I of the System Description Wireless Power Transfer consists of the following documents:
Part 1, Interface Definition.
Part 2, Performance Requirements.
Part 3, Compliance Testing.
This document defines the interface between a Power Transmitter and a Power Receiver.
1.2Main features
A method of contactless power transfer from a Base Station to a Mobile Device, which is based on near field magnetic induction between coils.
Transfer of around 5 W of power, using an appropriate Secondary Coil (having a typical outer dimension of around 40 mm).
Operation at frequencies in the 100…205 kHz range.
Support for two methods of placing the Mobile Device on the surface of the Base Station:
oGuided Positioning helps a user to properly place the Mobile Device on the surface of a Base Station that provides power through a single or a few fixed locations of that surface.
oFree Positioning enables arbitrary placement of the Mobile Device on the surface of a Base Station that can provide power through any location of that surface.
A simple communications protocol enabling the Mobile Device to take full control of the power transfer.
Considerable design flexibility for integration of the system into a Mobile Device.
Very low stand-by power achievable (implementation dependent).
1.3Conformance and references
All specifications in this document are mandatory, unless specifically indicated as recommended or optional or informative. To avoid any doubt, the word “shall” indicates a mandatory behavior of the specified component, i.e. it is a violation of this System Description Wireless Power Transfer if the specified component does not exhibit the behavior as defined. In addition, the word “should” indicates a recommended behavior of the specified component, i.e. it is not a violation of this System Description Wireless Power Transfer if the specified component has valid reasons to deviate from the defined behavior. And finally, the word “may” indicates an optional behavior of the specified component, i.e. it is up to the specified component whether to exhibit the defined behavior (without deviating there from) or not.
In addition to the specifications provided in this document, product implementations shall also conform to the specifications provided in the System Descriptions listed below. Moreover, the relevant parts of the International Standards listed below shall apply as well. If multiple revisions exist of any System Description or International Standard listed below, the applicable revision is the one that was most recently published at the release date of this document.
[Part 2] |
System Description Wireless Power Transfer, Volume I, Part 2, Performance |
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Requirements. |
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[Part 3] |
System Description Wireless Power Transfer, Volume I, Part 3, Compliance |
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Testing. |
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[PRMC] |
Power Receiver Manufacturer Codes, Wireless Power Consortium. |
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© Wireless Power Consortium, July 2012 |
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System Description |
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Wireless Power Transfer |
General |
Version 1.1.1 |
[SI] |
The International System of Units (SI), Bureau International des Poids et |
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Mesures. |
1.4Definitions
Active Area |
The part of the Interface Surface of a Base Station respectively Mobile Device |
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through which a sufficiently high magnetic flux penetrates when the Base |
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Station is providing power to the Mobile Device. |
Base Station |
A device that is able to provide near field inductive power as specified in this |
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System Description Wireless Power Transfer. A Base Station carries a logo to |
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visually indicate to a user that the Base Station complies with this System |
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Description Wireless Power Transfer. |
Communications and Control Unit
The functional part of a Power Transmitter respectively Power Receiver that controls the power transfer. (Informative) Implementation-wise, the Communications and Control Unit may be distributed over multiple subsystems of the Base Station respectively Mobile Device.
Control Point |
The combination of voltage and current provided at the output of the Power |
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Receiver, and other parameters that are specific to a particular Power Receiver |
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implementation. |
Detection Unit |
The functional part of a Power Transmitter that detects the presence of a Power |
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Receiver on the Interface Surface. |
Digital Ping |
The application of a Power Signal in order to detect and identify a Power |
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Receiver. |
Free Positioning |
A method of positioning a Mobile Device on the Interface Surface of a Base |
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Station that does not require the user to align the Active Area of the Mobile |
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Device to the Active Area of the Base Station. |
Foreign Object |
Any object that is positioned on the Interface Surface of a Base Station, but is |
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not part of a Mobile Device. |
Guided Positioning |
A method of positioning a Mobile Device on the Interface Surface of a Base |
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Station that provides the user with feedback to properly align the Active Area of |
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the Mobile Device to the Active Area of the Base Station. |
Interface Surface |
A flat part of the surface of a Base Station respectively Mobile Device that is |
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closest to the Primary Coil(s) respectively Secondary Coil. |
Mobile Device |
A device that is able to consume near field inductive power as specified in this |
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System Description Wireless Power Transfer. A Mobile Device carries a logo to |
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visually indicate to a user that the Mobile Device complies with this System |
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Description Wireless Power Transfer. |
Operating Frequency |
The oscillation frequency of the Power Signal. |
Operating Point |
The combination of the frequency, duty cycle and amplitude of the voltage that |
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is applied to the Primary Cell. |
Packet |
A data structure that the Power Receiver uses to communicate a message to the |
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Power Transmitter. A Packet consists of a preamble, a header byte, a message, |
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and a checksum. A Packet is named after the kind of message that it contains. |
Power Conversion Unit |
The functional part of a Power Transmitter that converts electrical energy to a |
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Power Signal. |
Power Pick-up Unit |
The functional part of a Power Receiver that converts a Power Signal to |
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electrical energy. |
Power Receiver |
The subsystem of a Mobile Device that acquires near field inductive power and |
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controls its availability at its output, as defined in this System Description |
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Wireless Power Transfer. For this purpose, the Power Receiver communicates |
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its power requirements to the Power Transmitter. |
Power Signal |
The oscillating magnetic flux that is enclosed by a Primary Cell and possibly a |
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Secondary Coil. |
Power Transfer Contract |
A set of boundary conditions on the parameters that characterize the power |
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transfer from a Power Transmitter to a Power Receiver. Violation of any of |
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these boundary conditions causes the power transfer to abort. |
Power Transmitter |
The subsystem of a Base Station that generates near field inductive power and |
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controls its transfer to a Power Receiver, as defined in this System Description |
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Wireless Power Transfer. |
Primary Cell |
A single Primary Coil or a combination of Primary Coils that are used to provide |
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a sufficiently high magnetic flux through the Active Area. |
Primary Coil |
A component of a Power Transmitter that converts electric current to magnetic |
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flux. |
Received Power |
The total amount of power dissipated inside a Mobile Device, due to the |
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magnetic field generated by a Power Transmitter. The Received Power |
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includes the power that the Power Receiver makes available at its output for |
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use by the Mobile Device, any power that the Power Receiver uses for its own |
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purposes, as well as any power that is lost within the Mobile Device. |
Secondary Coil |
The component of a Power Receiver that converts magnetic flux to |
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electromotive force. |
Shielding |
A component in the Power Transmitter respectively Power Receiver that |
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restricts magnetic fields to the appropriate parts of the Base Station |
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respectively Mobile Device. |
Transmitted Power |
The total amount of power dissipated outside the Interface Surface of a Base |
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Station, due to the magnetic field generated by the Power Transmitter. |
1.5Acronyms
AC |
Alternating Current |
AWG |
American Wire Gauge |
DC |
Direct Current |
lsb |
least significant bit |
msb |
most significant bit |
N.A. |
Not Applicable |
PID |
Proportional Integral Differential |
RMS |
Root Mean Square |
UART |
Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter |
USB |
Universal Serial Bus |
1.6Symbols
Cd |
Capacitance parallel to the Secondary Coil [nF] |
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Cm |
Capacitance in the impedance matching network [nF] |
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Capacitance in series with the Primary Coil [nF] |
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CS |
Capacitance in series with the Secondary Coil [nF] |
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Distance between a coil and its Shielding [mm] |
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Distance between a coil and the Interface Surface [mm] |
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Communications bit rate [kHz] |
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Resonant detection frequency [kHz] |
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Operating Frequency [kHz] |
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Secondary resonance frequency [kHz] |
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Primary Coil current modulation depth [mA] |
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Power Receiver output current [mA] |
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Primary Coil current [mA] |
Lm |
Inductance in the impedance matching network [μH] |
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Primary Coil self inductance [μH] |
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Secondary Coil self inductance (Mobile Device away from Base Station) [μH] |
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Secondary Coil self inductance (Mobile Device on top of Base Station) [μH] |
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Power loss that results in heating of a Foreign Object [W] |
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Total amount of power received through the Interface Surface [W] |
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Total amount of power transmitted through the Interface Surface [W] |
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Power Control Hold-off Time [ms] |
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Communications clock period [μs] |
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Maximum transition time of the communications [μs] |
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Rectified voltage [V] |
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Power Receiver output voltage [V] |
1.7Conventions
This Section 1.7 defines the notations and conventions used in this System Description Wireless Power Transfer.
1.7.1Cross references
Unless indicated otherwise, cross references to Sections in either this document or documents listed in Section 1.3, refer to the referenced Section as well as the sub Sections contained therein.
1.7.2Informative text
With the exception of Sections that are marked as informative, all informative text is set in italics.
1.7.3Terms in capitals
All terms that start with a capital are defined in Section 1.4. As an exception to this rule, Packet names and fields are defined in Section 6.3.
1.7.4Notation of numbers
Real numbers are represented using the digits 0 to 9, a decimal point, and optionally an exponential part. In addition, a positive and/or negative tolerance may follow a real number. Real numbers that do not include an explicit tolerance, have a tolerance of half the least significant digit that is specified.
(Informative) For example, a specified value of |
comprises the range from 1.21 through 1.24; a |
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specified value of |
comprises the range from 1.23 through 1.24; a specified value of |
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comprises the range from 1.21 through 1.23; a specified value of 1.23 comprises the range from 1.225 through 1.234999…; and a specified value of comprises the range from 1.107 through 1.353.
Integer numbers in decimal notation are represented using the digits 0 to 9.
Integer numbers in hexadecimal notation are represented using the hexadecimal digits 0 to 9 and A to F, and are preceded by “0x” (unless explicitly indicated otherwise).
Single bit values are represented using the words ZERO and ONE.
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System Description |
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Wireless Power Transfer |
Version 1.1.1 |
General |
Integer numbers in binary notation and bit patterns are represented using sequences of the digits 0 and 1that are enclosed in single quotes (‘’). In a sequence of n bits, the most significant bit (msb) is bit bn–1 and the least significant bit (lsb) is bit b0; the most significant bit is shown on the left-hand side.
1.7.5Units of physical quantities
Physical quantities are expressed in units of the International System of Units [SI].
1.7.6Bit ordering in a byte
The graphical representation of a byte is such that the msb is on the left, and the lsb is on the right. Figure 1-1 defines the bit positions in a byte.
msb |
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lsb |
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b7 |
b6 |
b5 |
b4 |
b3 |
b2 |
b1 |
b0 |
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Figure 1-1: Bit positions in a byte
1.7.7Byte numbering
The bytes in a sequence of n bytes are referred to as B0, B1, …, Bn–1. Byte B0 corresponds to the first byte in the sequence; byte Bn–1 corresponds to the last byte in the sequence. The graphical representation of a byte sequence is such that B0 is at the upper left-hand side, and byte Bn–1 is at the lower right-hand side.
1.7.8Multiple-bit Fields
Unless indicated otherwise, a multiple bit field in a data structure represents an unsigned integer value. In a multiple-bit field that spans multiple bytes, the msb of the multiple-bit field is located in the byte with the lowest address, and the lsb of the multiple-bit field is located in the byte with the highest address. (Informative) Figure 1-2 provides an example of a 6-bit field that spans two bytes.
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b5 |
b4 |
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b3 |
b2 |
b1 |
b0 |
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B0 |
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B1 |
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Figure 1-2: Example of multiple-bit field
1.8Operators
This Section 1.8 defines the operators used in this System Description Wireless Power Transfer, which are less commonly used. The commonly used operators have their usual meaning.
1.8.1Exclusive-OR
The symbol ‘ ’ represents the exclusive-OR operation.
1.8.2Concatenation
The symbol ‘||’ represents concatenation of two bit strings. In the resulting concatenated bit string, the msb of the right-hand side operand directly follows the lsb of the left-hand side operand.
© Wireless Power Consortium, July 2012 |
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