Файл: Practice with keys.pdf

a)

Harry managed to sell his house at a

profit.

b) What was he doing here all by

?

c)

Larry is so famous that he doesn't appear in

very often.

d) That was a terrible shot! I'm rather out of

e)

How many cars do you sell, on

, every week?

f)

The police are coming! Stay out of

until they leave.

g) I suppose I enjoyed my holiday on the

h)

Can you tell me about the plans in

?

b) This is

the best washing machine on the market.

c) Graham has been

ever since he came to London.

d) I know her

, but I don't know her name.

g) You could tell he was

because he kept groaning.

h) Cigarettes and ice cream are

in the foyer.

a) Jim's excuse was that he was acting

under

orders

from his boss.

b) Things have changed

, no-one leaves before 5.00.

The psychology of accidents

Most people are under the impression that

doing something by a mistake is quite different

from doing something on purpose. In the fact,

according to by some psychologists, many

accidents do not, on the whole, really happen

to by chance. There may be good reasons for

actions which seem to be accidental. For an

example, someone who fails to arrive on time

as for a meeting at work may be worried about

his or her job, or be in with difficulties at home.

In other words, there are often good reasons for

behaviour which seems at the first to be

accidental. Of this course, some people are

involved in more accidents than others. These

people are called 'accident prone'. In the general

they either suffer from stress, or could have in

a physical illness without knowing about it.

K ey p o i n t s

1

There is a group of prepositions used with verbs of motion.

across, along, around, down, into, out of, past, to, towards, up

2

Some prepositions can be used without an object.

Jean lives opposite.

3

A sentence can end with a preposition.

Paul didn't have a chair to sit on.

Purpose

•

So (that)

We can use so that to express purpose (the reason why someone does

something). So that is usually followed by can, could, will or would.

The police locked the door so (that) no-one could get in.

•

Infinitive

of purpose

We can also use to to express purpose. The subject of the main clause and of

the purpose clause must be the same.

Jack went to England so that he could study engineering.

Jack went to England to study engineering. (NOT for to study)

If the two subjects are different, we can't use to. We have to use so that.

Jack went to England so that his brother would have some help working in

the restaurant.

-

In order to, so as to

These are more formal ways of expressing purpose.

Scientists used only local materials, in order to save money.

There are also negative forms: in order not to, so as not to.

The soldiers moved at night, so as not to alarm the villagers.

•

For

This describes how something is used.

This button is for starting the engine.

This is for the lights.

Result

•

So, such a

So is used with an adjective or adverb.

Jim was so tall (that) he hit his head on the ceiling.

Jim drove so quickly (that) they reached the station twenty minutes early.

Such a is used with adjective + singular noun.

Helen

is such

a busy person (that) she never feels bored.

-

So many, so much,

so few, so little

So many/few are used with plural nouns. So much/little are used with

uncountable nouns.

There

were

so

many passengers

(that) we couldn't find a

seat.

There

was

so

much noise (that)

I didn't get to sleep until

3 a.m.

Contrast

•

Although, though, even though

Although often becomes though in speech. Though can come at the end of a

sentence, although cannot.

Although I asked her, she didn't come.

(speech and writing)

Though I asked her, she didn't come.

(speech)

/ asked her, (but) she didn't come, though.

(speech)

Even though gives a stronger contrast than although.

Even though I asked her, she didn't

come.

(which was really surprising)

•

While, whereas

While and whereas are used in formal speech and writing. They compare two

facts and emphasize the difference between them.

While United were fast and accurate,

City were slow and careless.

Despite losing, we celebrated.

(Although we lost, we celebrated.)