Файл: Practice with keys.pdf

GRAMMAR 17 MODAL VERBS: PAST

5 Choose the most suitable description for each picture.

a)

1)You must have read the notice.

2)You should have read the notice.

1)We can't have worn our raincoats.

2)We needn't have worn our raincoats.

1)He must have hit him in the right spot!

2)He should have hit him in the right spot!

1)You must have caused an accident!

2)You might have caused an accident!

1)Sorry, I had to go to the dentist's.

2)Sorry, I should have gone to the dentist's.

1)You shouldn't have stroked the lion!

2) You didn't have to stroke the lion!

103

FIRST CERTIFICATE LANGUAGE PRACTICE

6Look carefully at each line. Some of the lines are correct, and some have a word which should not be there. Tick each correct line. If a line has a word which should not be there, write the word in the space.

Zoo escape shocks residents

Residents in the Blackwood area complained last night that they should have had been warned about the escape of a dangerous snake. The snake, a python is three metres long, and can to kill pets. 'I heard

about it on the radio,' said Mrs Agnes Bird. 'I had gone to lock my dog in the kitchen this morning, because

I thought the snake could easily have attack it. Now

I am not sure what I ought to be do.' The snake, called Lulu, disappeared from the Blackwood Zoo. 'It must be have found a hole in the wall, or it might have been slipped out while the door was open,' said zoo director Basil Hart. Mr Hart said that people didn't needn't have been alarmed. 'A local radio station must have had mixed up its reports,' he went on. 'We found Lulu a few minutes after we missed her. We have had to climb a tree and bring her down. So you see, you should have never believe silly stories you hear on the radio!

104

Explanations

•What are functions?

We can describe language by using words to talk about grammar (grammatical description). But we can also describe language by saying how it is used. This is the function of the language (functional description).

If I were you, I'd leave now. grammatical description: second conditional

functional description: giving advice

•Choosing what to say

Our choice of words can be influenced by the situation we are in, by the person we are talking to, and by what we are talking about. Compare these different phrases for asking permission.

Asking permission from a friend:

Is it all right if I use the phone?

Asking permission from the same person, but about a more serious topic:

Do you think I could possibly phone Australia?

Asking permission from a stranger:

Do you mind if I open the window?

The first example was informal and friendly. The second two examples were more formal and polite. There are no exact rules about when to use an informal phrase and when to use a polite phrase, but usually we use polite language when we:

•talk to strangers or people we don't know well.

•talk to people who have higher status.

•talk about sensitive topics.

•This unit practises the following functions and possible responses.

Asking for and giving advice

Agreeing and disagreeing

Apologising

Complaining

Ending a conversation

Asking for and giving directions

Greeting

Asking how someone is

Asking for information

Introducing yourself and others

Inviting

Accepting and declining invitations

Offering something

Offering to do something

105

FIRST CERTIFICATE LANGUAGE PRACTICE

Match each sentence (a-j) with a function from 1-10.

a)That's very kind of you, I'd love to 4

b)Well, it's been nice talking to you, but I'm afraid I have to go

c)Could you tell me how to get to the post office?

d)You might have told me you were having a party!

e)Shall I carry this bag for you?

f)What do you think I should do?

g)Actually, I don't think that's right

h)Would you like to come round for a drink later?

i)Jack, this is my brother, Mark

j)Could you tell me what time the bank opens?

2 Match each sentence (a-j) with a function from 1-10.

b)I think you'd better phone the police

c)I'd love to come, but I'm already going out that evening

d)Good morning, I'm Brenda Watson, the Marketing Manager

e)I'm sorry I'm late - it won't happen again

f)Would you like me to do the washing-up?

g)Excuse me, but is the bus station anywhere near here?

h)Hi, Sally, how are you?

i)I think that's the point exactly

j)It's at the end of this street, opposite the church

106

G R A M M A R 18 F U N C T I O N S 1

3Choose the most suitable response.

a)Do you feel like going to the cinema this evening?

1)That would be great.

2)Thank you very much for your kind invitation.

b)More coffee anybody?

1)Would it be all right if I had some more?

2)I'd love some.

c)I wish you wouldn't smoke in here!

1)I don't agree, I'm afraid.

2)Sorry, shall I open the window?

d)Well, it was nice talking to you, but I have to dash.

1)Yes, I enjoyed talking to you too.

2)OK, see you.

e)Could you tell me whether this train stops at Hatfield?

1)I believe I could.

2)I believe it does.

f)Shall I collect the tickets for you?

1)That would be a real help.

2)Yes, I think you shall.

g)What would you do in my situation?

1)I think you should ask for a loan from the bank.

2)I thought you would ask for a loan from the bank.

h)How do you do. I'm Bill Thompson.

1)Very well thank you.

2)How do you do.

107

Explanations

This unit practises the following functions and possible responses.

Things to say on special occasions or at special moments Asking for and giving an opinion

Pausing to think

Asking for permission

Giving and refusing permission

Expressing preferences

Promising

Reassuring

Recommending

Refusing to do something

Making and responding to a request

Suggesting

Thanking

109

FIRST CERTIFICATE LANGUAGE PRACTICE

Match each sentence (a-j) with a function from 1-10.

b)What did you think of the film, then?

c)I'll definitely bring your camera back tomorrow

d)Would it be all right if I left a bit early today?

e)Sorry, no, I won't do it

f)Could you possibly turn on the air conditioning?

g)I think I'd rather have fish, actually.

h)Why don't we have a party next weekend?

i)That's very kind of you, I appreciate it

j)Don't worry, everything will turn out all right

2 Match each sentence (a-j) with a function from 1-10.

1 Praising someone's performance

2Expressing annoyance

3Wishing someone good health when drinking

4Expressing happiness at someone's success

5Attracting attention or asking someone to move out of your way

6Expressing sympathy

7 Expressing that something has/has nearly gone wrong

8Giving a warning

9Showing that you have misheard or misunderstood

10Said when another person sneezes

110