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-What’s London like? Что представляет собой Лондон? Как он выглядит?
-It’s quite big and very interesting. (description)
-It’s like New York, but without the tall buildings. (comparison)
•When the question (What is/are … like?) is asked about a person, the answer can refer either to character or appearance (внешний вид) or both.
-What’s Peter like? / Что представляет собой Петр? / Что он за человек?
-He’s really very nice. Very friendly and open. (character)
-He’s good looking. (appearance)
-He’s quite nice but not very handsome. (character and appearance)
•What does … look like? asks for a description (описание) of his / her physical appearance not character.
-What does Ann look like? Как выглядит Анна?
-She’s tall, and she’s got blue eyes and blond hair. (description)
-She looks exactly like her mother. (comparison)
2.7 Asking for reasons, purposes
Why …? / What … for? / (Зачем …? Почему …? Для чего …? С какой целью …?) is extremely common in asking about reason (причина) or purpose (цель). For must occupy final position.
Why/What did you do that for? |
Зачем вы это сделали? |
Why/What is he angry for? |
Почему он сердится? |
Why/What does she get so early for? |
Зачем она встает так рано? |
Possible replies
We answer with because, etc. or a to-infinitive.
Question: Why did Mark leave so early?
Mark left early because |
потому что |
he was bored. |
in case |
чтобы не |
he missed the bus. |
in order to |
чтобы/для того, чтобы |
catch his bus. |
so that |
так чтобы |
he could walk home. |
to |
чтобы/для того, чтобы |
get away from Jack. |
so as (not) to |
чтобы (не) |
have time to think. |
not to |
чтобы не |
trouble us. |
2.8 Asking for evidence
Notice questions used when asking for evidence (основание, доказательство).
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How do you know? They are happy. How can you tell?
Why do you think so?
Откуда ты/вы знаешь/-те? Почему ты/вы так говоришь/-те? Почему ты/вы так думаешь/-те?
2.9 Making suggestions (предложение) |
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• How/ What about + V-ing or a noun …? |
(А) Как насчёт …? / Ну, так как |
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же насчёт …? |
How about going for a walk? |
What about your promise? |
How about the tickets? |
What about watching TV? |
• Why not + Infinitive without to …? (А) Почему бы, ни …?
Why not change the word order?
Why not buy this book?
• Why don’t/doesn’t +subject + Infinitive without to …? Почему бы, ни …?
Why don’t we go for a walk?
Почему бы нам ни пойти погулять?
Why doesn’t he work well?
Почему бы ему ни работать хорошо?
2.10 Emphatic questions with ever
What ever, Who ever, Where ever, When ever, How ever, and Why ever are used to express admiration (восхищение), anger (гнев, раздражение), concern
(беспокойство, огорчение), etc. It is often stressed in spoken questions. Ever is not used with Which and Whose.
What are you doing? What ‘ever are you doing? Why did you say it?
Why ‘ever did you say it?
Who have you seen in the yard? Who ‘ever have you seen in the yard? Why didn’t you phone me?
Why ‘ever didn’t you phone me?
Что вы делаете? Что же вы делаете?
Почему вы это сказали?
Да почему же вы это сказали? Кого вы видели во дворе?
И кого же вы видели во дворе? Почему вы мне не позвонили? Почему же вы мне не позвонили?
3. INDIRECT QUESTIONS
All indirect (косвенные) questions use statement word order. Indirect question may be included in a sentence or another question.
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Direct question |
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Indirect question |
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Where is he going? |
I have no idea |
where he is going. |
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What does Ann like? |
She wants to know |
what Ann likes. |
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Why did you say that? |
He asked |
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why I had said that. |
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When have you seen her? |
Can you tell me |
when you have seen her? |
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When will he come back? |
Does anybody know |
when he will come back? |
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3.1 Indirect question included in a sentence |
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Subject |
Verb |
Question |
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Subject |
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Verb |
Other |
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word |
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members |
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Jack |
can’t find |
where |
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his car |
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is parked. |
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He |
‘d like to know |
whether/if |
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the children |
have done |
the work. |
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They |
asked |
why |
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Mark |
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had left |
so early. |
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I |
wonder |
when |
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the students |
will take |
the exam. |
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We |
are not sure |
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who |
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wrote |
the poem. |
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She |
doesn’t know |
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what |
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happened |
there. |
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I |
have no idea |
what age |
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Bill |
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is. |
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• Indirect Yes/No questions use if or whether corresponding to Russian ли added to the main verb of indirect questions.
I wonder |
whether/if |
he has passed his exams. |
Интересно, |
сдал ли |
он экзамены. |
I can’t find out |
whether/if |
she was abroad. |
Я не могу выяснить, |
была ли |
он за границей? |
She wanted to know |
whether/if |
I could speak English. |
Она хотела знать, |
могу ли |
я говорить по-английски. |
• You should use Sequence of Tenses (согласование времён) if the verb in the first part of the sentence is used in past simple.
They asked where he lived (past simple)
Они спросили, где он живёт.
She didn’t know when the train would start (future-in-the-past).
Она не знала, когда отправится поезд.
We didn’t know why he had missed (past perfect) the lesson.
Мы не знали, почему он пропустил урок.
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3.2 Indirect question included in another question
Auxiliary / |
Subject |
Verb |
Question |
Subject |
Verb |
Other |
modal verb |
word |
members |
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Do |
they |
know |
where |
he |
went? |
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Could |
you |
ask |
what |
they |
Are doing |
here? |
Does |
he |
know |
why |
she |
has done |
it? |
Didn’t |
they |
say |
when |
the bus |
would start |
to Paris? |
3.3 Indirect questions with phrases following the question word |
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… do you think … |
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… как ты / вы думаешь / -те … |
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Phrases: |
… did you say … |
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… считаешь / -те … |
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… do you imagine … |
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… полагаешь / -те … |
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… would you say … |
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… как, по-твоему, / по-вашему … |
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… would you guess … etc. |
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Direct question |
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Indirect question |
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question |
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phrase |
subject |
verb |
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word |
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Where is he going? |
Where |
do you think |
he |
is going? |
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What was she doing? |
What |
did you say |
she |
was doing? |
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Why did he leave? |
Why |
do you imagine |
he |
left? |
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Who is he? |
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Who |
would you guess |
he |
is? |
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4. TAG QUESTIONS
(These questions have tags – “хвостики”- at the end)
4.1 Basic form A
Positive statement (+) |
Negative question tag (-) |
She’d met Mike before, |
hadn’t she? |
You are doing your English exam in January, |
aren’t you? |
She has already sent the letter, |
hasn’t she? |
They must prepare everything, |
mustn’t they? |
B |
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Negative statement (-) |
Positive question tag (+) |
You don’t know which bus goes to the market, |
do you? |
You haven’t seen my glasses anywhere, |
have you? |
Jack doesn’t know the truth, |
does he? |
They shouldn’t get up early, |
should they? |
In modern English there are also (+ +) and (- -).
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•Question tags are generally formed with the same auxiliary verb as in the first part of the sentence.
You don’t like being late, do you? They haven’t done it, have they?
•If there is no auxiliary verb, the tag is formed with the auxiliary verbs do, does, did.
He likes reading, doesn’t he?
They work for the bank, don’t they? She wanted to go to Paris, didn’t she? They used to live next door, didn’t they?
•Tag questions are very typical of English speech. Use ведь/ конечно/ не так ли /не правда ли/ да, etc. while translating tags.
You are a student, aren’t you?
Вы студент, не так ли?
Mary has got our telephone number, hasn’t she?
У Мэри, конечно, есть наш номер телефона?
You haven’t forgotten about your date, have you Bob?
Надеюсь, ты не забыл о свидании, Боб? You’ll come along to the part, won’t you?
Мы непременно ждем тебя в гости.
Possible replies
He likes to speak English, doesn’t he?
Ему нравится говорить на английском языке, да?
Yes, he does. |
No, he doesn’t. |
Да, нравится. |
Нет, не нравится. |
They worked hard before the exam, didn’t they?
Они усердно работали перед экзаменом, не правда ли?
Yes, they did. |
No, they didn’t. |
Да, работали. |
Нет, не работали. |
• If you don’t agree with negative statements, give positive answers; if you agree with it, give negative ones. In this case Yes = Нет, а No = Да.
He doesn’t like skiing, does he?
Он не любит кататься на лыжах, не так ли?
Yes, he does. |
No, he doesn’t. |
Нет, любит. |
Да, не любит. |
She didn’t pass the exam, did she?
Она не сдала экзамен, не правда ли?
Yes, she did. |
No, she didn’t. |
Нет, сдала. |
Да, не сдала. |