Файл: Л.А. Бердюгина Some facys about Cars (Немного об автомобилях).pdf

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2.cut across – to go straight across instead of around The driver is cutting across the median.

3.to cut off – to drive in front of another car causing to stop quickly; to serve; to interrupt abruptly

He is cutting off the other driver. He is cutting the other driver off.

4.gas up – to put gasoline into the gas tank; to fill the tank

He is gassing up the car.

He is gassing the car up.

5.jack up – to elevate the car with a tool called a jack; to raise He is jacking up the car.

He is jacking the car up.

6.let up (on) – to reduce the pressure on something

She is letting up on the brake.

She is letting up.

7.pull away (from) – to drive a short distance away from The driver is pulling away from the curb.

The driver is pulling away.

8.pull up (to) – to drive forward toward something that is a short distance away

The driver is pulling up to the pumps. The driver is pulling up.

9.run out (of) – to have no more of something He is running out of gas.

He is running out.

10. start up – to start the engine; to set a machine in motion She is starting up the car.

She is starting the car up.

XX. B. Complete the sentences using the following words: start up, pull up (to), jack up, back up, gas up, cut across, pull away (from), run out (of), cut off, let up (on).

1. George ran out of gas.

He should have ………. ……….. before he got on the freeway.

2. George pulled away from the curb without looking in his rearview mirror. He didn’t see the other car and he ……… him .…….. .

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3. The driving instructor told George to back up.

George looked in his rearview mirror and then slowly …….. ……….

………the brake.

4.George got in his car and started up.

Before he …….. …….. from the curb, he checked the mirrors and looked over his left shoulder to make sure that no cars were coming.

5. As George was cutting across the parking lot, he ran over a nail and got a flat tire.

He had to …….. his car …….. and change the tire.

C. How many commands can you make by matching the two/three-word verbs in the left column with the nouns in the right column? How many commands can you make without using any nouns?

D. Write your own questions. Make sure that your question is appropriate for the answer given.

E. Read a story. When Danny turned sixteen, his elder brother Peter gave him driving lessons. On their first day, Peter gave the keys to Danny and told him to start up the car.

Danny put the key into the ignition, turned it, pressed the gas pedal, and the car started.

“Well, that was easy!” Danny said happily.

“Don’t be so confident,” Peter warned. ‘Check your mirrors before you back up.”

After Danny looked in both the rearview mirror and the side mirror, he let up on the brake and let his car backward. After they were out of the driveway and onto the street, Peter told Danny to pull up to the curb and stop.

Danny pulled up to the curb. “How’s that?” he asked. “Well, it’s not bad for a first try, but you’re a foot from the curb. Try to pull up closer. You have to learn to judge distance.”

Danny tried again. This time the tires rubbed against the curb.

“Don’t worry. It takes some practice,” Peter assured his brother. ‘Pull away, but be sure you don’t cut anyone off.”

After Danny had driven a few miles, he noticed that they were running out of gas.

“Where’s the nearest gas station, Pete? We have to gas up.”

Peter told Danny to cut across Market Street and to make a left turn onto Kilroy Avenue.

“There’s a gas station on Kilroy,” said Pete.

“Are you sure?” Danny asked, “I think that station closed a month ago.”

“I hope you’re wrong,” said Peter. “There isn’t another gas station near here.”

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Danny groaned as he pulled up to the gas station, “Look, Peter! It is closed. Now what do we do?”

Just then, Peter noticed an elderly man jacking up his car next to the gas station. “Let’s see if he needs help,” said Peter.

“We’re the ones who need help!” Danny exclaimed. They got out of their car and walked over to the old man. ‘Need some help?” Peter asked.

The old man thanked them as he stepped aside to let them change the tire. “How can I repay you?” the old man asked when they had finished.

“It was nothing. Don’t think anything of it,” Peter replied. “Well, there is something you could do for us,” Danny began. “What’s that, young man?” the old man asked curiously.

“You could tell us where we can find a gas station! I’m getting my first driving lesson today and I’ve run out of gas!”

The old man smiled, “You’re luck, son. I have two gallons of gas in the trunk of my car. That’ll be enough to get you across town to the Exscon Gas Station on Jackson Drive.

“Oh, great. Of course, We’ll pay you for the two gallons,” Danny said.

“No, no. I’m glad to help you. It seems that your stopping to help me killed two birds with one stone!” the old man laughed.

F. Put the following statements in chronological order as they happened in the story.

a.… Peter told Danny to pull away from the curb.

b.… Peter told Danny to cut across Market Street.

c.… Peter told Danny to check the mirrors before backing up.

d.… Peter saw the old man jacking up his car.

e.… After checking the mirrors, Danny let up on the brake.

f.… The old man had two gallons of gas in his trunk.

g.… Danny noticed that they were running out of gas.

h.… Peter told Danny to start the car up.

i.… Peter told Danny to pull up to the curb and stop.

j.… Danny said that they needed to gas up.

G. Test

1.The other driver cut me off when a. he drove past me.

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b.he tried to get in line ahead of me.

c.he drove behind me.

2.The store jacked up the prices, so

a.everything was more expensive.

b.everything was less expensive.

c.the customers would be happy.

3.If you back the car up you

a.go forward.

b.stall.

c.go backward.

4.He started the car up after

a.he stepped on the brake.

b.he drove down the hill.

c.he got in.

5.If we don’t gas up now, we might

a.be sick.

b.have an accident.

c.not have enough gas to get there.

6.Roger cut across the field because

a.the grass was too tall.

b.he was in a hurry.

c.he didn’t like the field.

7.The teacher let up on the students because

a.the elevator was broken.

b.class had just begun.

c.they had worked hard and they were tired.

8.I ran out of eggs, so

a.they broke.

b.I borrowed one from my neighbor.

c.I walked slowly.

9.As Grandmother pulled away,

a.she fell.

b.I pulled too.

c.I waved good-bye.

10.I pulled up to the window because

a.I wanted to ask a question.

b.it was stuck.

c.I was hot.

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H. Answer the following questions:

1.Have you ever been in an automobile accident? If not, have you ever seen one? What happened?

2.What are some difficult things to learn when you learn to drive a car?

3.In this story, Peter noticed that the old man was jacking his car up by himself so Peter stopped and offered to help. Is it common in your country for motorists to stop and help each other? Has anyone ever stopped to help you?

XX. A. Cars and stars. Which of the adjectives given below can describe people, which can describe cars, which can describe both? Fill in the table.

Lively, curious, spontaneous, efficient, nervous, comfortable, proud, independent, cautious, popular, creative, reliable, optimistic, passionate, irritating, moody, safe.

lively

LOVE ME, LOVE MY CAR

B. Which sign (a-l) do you think describes you? Why? Can you find any descriptions that fit people you know? Read the article about astrology and cars.

It’s in the Stars

a)You want a different car for every day of the week, from a 2DV to a Rolls Royce – it depends on your mood. (Some people say you’re moody!)

b)You like a car with style and elegance – with somewhere to put your caviar and champagne! It also has to be reliable and comfortable.

c)You’re very lively. You want to live life in the fast lane. Your ideal car is a Porsche or a Lamborghini. You make passengers nervous – your friends and family probably prefer to take the bus.

d)You’re proud and independent, but you’d love to have a chauffeur. You drive a luxury car (in your dreams, at least!). You worry about whether the bar is full – and where to put the music system.

e)You love privacy and mystery. Your car has tinted windows – so you can see out but no-one can see in. In other areas of your life – you’re passionate and live drama but surprisingly, you drive cautiously.

f)You don’t want a car – you want a cupboard on wheels. Somewhere to put your cassettes, sandwiches, maps, and a world atlas – you’re terrified of getting lost. You’re curious too – you’d like a car with a periscope so you can see what the other drivers are doing.

g)You’re a creative person. You think the practical things in life are boring. You use the mirrors to look at yourself – not to see possible dangers on the road. You choose your car because of the colour. You’re not the most popular driver on the road!

h)You’re a spontaneous person so you never plan things. Your fantasy car is a two-seater sports car with an ejector seat for irritating passengers.

i)You’re optimistic and full of big ideas. You love speed and excitement. If you’re rich, you probably have a car with a jet engine. How many cars have you crashed? Slow down!

j)You need a safe car like a Volvo. You’re usually quiet and calm, but in a car you shout at everyone who irritates you. Your language can get so strong that it’s better (and safer!) if no-one can hear you.

k)Your ideal car is probably a BMW or a Mercedes. If you don’t own one of these cars, it’s probably because you think you can’t afford it – but go on,

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live a little! You want your car to be reliable – but you also like a bit of status.

l)You’re a very independent person. You don’t like rules and regulations. You think red lights, stop signs and No Entry signs are for other drivers, not you. You love to be different – and you never wear a seat belt.

XXI. The car is an ecological disaster. It is now the world's number one polluter. From the beginning to the end of its life, one car produces an enormous quantity of pollution. Read the information about car pollution. What other sources of air pollution do you know? Exchange information with your partner. Resume the text.

Your car is killing the Earth

The production of one car results in 1,500 kilos of waste, and 75 million liters

from the tyres and brakes (an average car over a period of ten years).

When you throw the car away, many dangerous metals (like cadmium) and other chemicals pollute the earth.

The building of roads, motorways and car parks produces a large quantity of pollution. It is impossible to estimate how much.

The statistics above are for one car. There are now approximately 500 million cars on Earth. So multiply all these numbers by 500 million. That gives, for example, more then 22 billion tonnes of CO2 in ten years!

XXII. A. Read the text about Hyundai Sonata. Make up a plan for resuming the text. Resume the text.

Sonata is a front-drive mid-size sedan with standard dual air bags. While the previous generation was built in both South Korea and Canada, the new one is built only in Korea.

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At 185 inches overall, the new model is less than an inch longer than the original Sonata. Wheelbase, however, has grown two inches to 106.3, with most of the additional space used to increase rear leg room.

Two engines are available, both based on Mitsubishi designs. Base engine is a 2.0-liter 4-cylinder that has been substantially revised for the new model to produce 137 horsepower, nine more than previously. The 4-cylinder is standard on the base model and the GL. On the base model, it’s available with a standard 5-speed manual or optional 4-speed automatic; on the GL it comes only with the automatic.

A 142-horsepower 3.0-liter V-6 is standard on the GLS and optional on the GL and comes only with 4-speed automatic transmission with electronic controls that change shift points based on how the car is driven.

Anti-lock brakes are optional on models with the V-6. Sonata meets the more stringent federal side-impact standards. Standard equipment on all the models includes air conditioning and a stereo with a cassette player.

B. Work in pairs. Study the specifications of the car. Ask and answer questions about them.

XXIII. A. Work with a partner. Read the text about Jeep Cherokee and ask and answer questions about it (Make up 10-12 questions).

Cherokee is equipped with a standard driver-side air bag for all models and reclining front bucket seats for the base SE model as its main changes for its 12th model year. Cherokee comes in 3- and 5-door wagon body styles, both