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§37.
Hiul ijh\h^blky k p_evx ihdZaZlv qlh \ \Zdmmf_ a\md g_ jZkijhkljZgy1. _lky >ey wlh]h a\hghd ihf_sZxl ih^ dhehdhe \ha^mrgh]h gZkhkZ b \dexqZxl _]h AZl_f ba ih^ dhehdheZ gZqbgZxl hldZqb\Zlv \ha^mo Ih f_j_ jZaj_`_gby \ha^moZ a\md keur_g \k_ lbr_ b lbr_ b gZdhg_p ij_djZsZ_lky kh\k_f ?keb `_ \ha^mo gZqZlv \gh\v \imkdZlv lh a\md klZgh\blky keur_g \k_ ]jhfq_ b ]jhfq_ LZdbf h[jZahf a\md \ [_a\ha^mrghf ijhkljZgkl\_ g_ jZkijhkljZgy_lky
>Z fh`_l Ijbf_ju jZkijhkljZg_gby a\mdZ \ l\_j^uo l_eZo ² jZkijhkljZg2. _gb_ a\mdZ ih `_e_agh^hjh`guf j_evkZf \ `b^dhklyo ²[jhr_gguc ih^ \h^m dZf_gv \ ]ZaZo²]jhf
Mijm]b_ l_eZ y\eyxlky emqrbfb ijh\h^gbdZfb a\mdZ q_f ihjbklu3. _ D mijm]bf l_eZf hlghkylky [hevrbgkl\h f_lZeeh\
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^_j_\vy ]Zau `b^dhklb d ihjbkluf ² \hcehd ihjhehg i_ghieZkl
4. Iml_f hl^_edb ihf_s_gbc a\mdhbaheypbhggufb fZl_jbZeZfb
KqZklhlhc khhl\_lkl\mxs_c§38a\mdm.
1.Ijh^hevgmx \hegm \ h[hbo kemqZyo
2.Q_j_a g_kdhevdh k_dmg^ ihke_ \kiurdb fhegbb fu keurbf ]jhf
3.< f \_d_ njZgpmakdbfb mq_gufb [ueZ baf_j_gZ kdhjhklv a\mdZ4. < ^\mo imgdlZo jZkklhygb_ f_`^m dhlhjufb [ueh ba\_klgh ijhba\h^beb \uklj_eu ba imr_d < h[hbo imgdlZo baf_jyeb hlj_adb \j_f_gb f_`^m \kiurdhc h]gy ijb \uklj_e_ b fhf_glhf dh]^Z [ue keurZg a\md \uklj_eZ Kdhjhklv a\mdZ hij_^_eyeb dZd hlghr_gb_ jZkklhygby f_`^m imgdlZfb d baf_j_gghfm hlj_adm \j_f_gb
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Kl_gu aZeZ ke_^m_l hl^_eZlv a\mdhih]ehsZxsbf fZl_jbZehf
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DhjimkZ ]blZju [ZeZeZcdb §40. 1. >ey m\_ebq_gby ]jhfdhklb
2. Bo gZagZq_gb_²mkbe_gb_ a\mdZ b kha^Zgby l_f[jZ 3. =hehkh\u_ k\yadb
4. Hl nhjfu jZaf_jZ fZl_jbZeZ j_ahgZlhjZ
5.
Hiul ih keh`_gbx a\mdh\uo \heg§42. hl ^\mo bklhqgbdh\ ijh\h^blky ke1. _^mxsbf h[jZahf < dZq_kl\_ bklhqgbdh\ a\mdZ [_jml ^\Z ]jhfdh]h\hjbl_ey =j b =j ih^dexq_ggu_ d a\mdh\hfm ]_g_jZlhjm A= BaemqZ_fuc bfb a\md ihiZ^Z_l \ fbdjhnhg F ]^_ ihke_ ij_h[jZam_lky \ we_dljbq_kdb_ dhe_[Zgby Wlb dhe_[Zgby mkbeb\Zxlky mkbebl_e_f gbadhc qZklhlu MGQ b j_]bkljbjmxlky ]Zev\Zghf_ljhf = GZkljhbf ]_g_jZlhj gZ qZklhlm =p l _ gZ ^ebgm \hegu ijb[ebabl_evgh jZ\gmx kf =jhfdh]h\hjbl_eb mklZgh\bf gZ jZkklhygbb f hl fbdjhnhgZ ?keb l_i_jv dZ`^uc
21
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JZaghklv jZkklhygbc ijhc^_gguo ^\mfy \hegZfb hl bklhqgbdh\ ^h2. dhgdj_lghc lhqdb gZau\Z_lky jZaghklvx oh^Z ^\mo \heg
< aZ\bkbfhklb hl jZaghklb oh^Z \heg j_amevlbjmxsb_ dhe_[Zgby eb[h3. mkbeb\Zxlky eb[h hkeZ[_\Zxl
<hegu gZau\Zxlky dh]_j_glgufb _keb hgb bf_xl h^bgZdh\mx qZklhlm4. b ihklhyggmx \h \j_f_gb jZaghklv nZa
G_ f_gyxsZyky \h \j_f_gb dZjlbgZ jZkij_^_e_gby \ ijhkljZgkl\5. _ fbgbfmfh\ b fZdkbfmfh\ Zfieblm^ j_amevlbjmxsbo dhe_[Zgbc gZau\Z_lky bgl_jn_j_gpbhgghc dZjlbghc Bgl_jn_j_gpbhggZy dZjlbgZ ihemqZ_lky lhevdh hl dh]_j_glguo bklhqgbdh\
Y\e_gb_ keh`_gby \ ijhkljZgkl\_ \heg ijb dhlhjhf ihemqZ_lky ihklhyggh6. _ \h \j_f_gb jZkij_^_e_gb_ Zfieblm^ j_amevlbjmxsbo dhe_[Zgbc gZau\Z_lky bgl_jn_j_gpb_c
GZ^h ijbdju\ h^gh moh gZdehgylvky \ jZagu_ klhjhgu < aZ\bkbfhklb7. hl lh]h ihiZ^_l moh \ h[eZklv bgl_jn_j_gpbhggh]h fZdkbfmfZ beb fbgbfmfZ fu [m^_f khhl\_lkl\_ggh keurZlv mkbe_gb_ beb hkeZ[e_gb_ ]jhfdhklb a\mdZ
8. >ey \k_o \b^h\ \heg
§43.
>\b`msbfbky we_dljbq_kdbfb aZjy^Zfb
1. <gmlj_ggbfb we_dljbq_kdbfb lhdZfb fZ]gblZ
2. FZ]gblgufb ebgbyfb gZau\Zxlky \hh[jZ`Z_fu_ ebgbb \^hev dhlhjuo3. jZkiheh`bebkv [u fZ]gblgu_ klj_edb ihf_s_ggu_ \ fZ]gblgh_ ihe_
22
Khhl\_lkl\_ggh ijyfhebg_cgh b djb\hebg_cgh
4. AZ gZijZ\e_gb_ fZ]gblghc ebgbb \ dZdhc eb[h lhqd_ ijbgbfZxl gZijZ\e5. _gb_ k_\_jgh]h ihexkZ fZ]gblghc klj_edb ihf_s_gghc \ wlm lhqdm
Q_f kbevg__ ihe_ l_f ]ms_ jZkiheh`_gu \ g_f fZ]gblgu_ ebgbb
6. H gZijZ\e_gbb b \_ebqbg_ fZ]gblgh]h ihey
7.
§44.
FZ]gblgu_ ebgbb ihehkh\h]h fZ]gblZ \uoh^yl ba k_\_jgh]h ihexkZ1. \oh^yl \ x`guc <gmljb fZ]gblZ hgb gZijZ\e_gu hl x`gh]h ihexkZ d k_\_jghfm M fZ]gblguo ebgbc g_l gb gZqZeZ gb dhgpZ hgb eb[h aZfdgmlu eb[h b^ml ba [_kdhg_qghklb \ [_kdhg_qghklv Ebgbb ihey ihehkh\h]h fZ]gblZ bkdjb\e_gu M ihexkh\ fZ]gblZ hgb jZkiheh`_gu [he__ ]mklh q_f \^Zeb hl gbo
<hdjm] fZ]gblZ b ijh\h^gbdZ h[jZam_lky g_h^ghjh^gh_ fZ]gblgh2. _ ihe_ \gmljb khe_ghb^Z²h^ghjh^gh_
< h^ghjh^ghf fZ]gblghf ihe_ wlZ kbeZ \ dZ`^hc lhqd_ ihey ihklhyggZ3. b ih fh^mex b ih gZijZ\e_gbx < g_h^ghjh^ghf fZ]gblghf ihe_ hgZ \ jZaguo lhqdZo ihey fh`_l [ulv jZaebqghc b ih fh^mex b ih gZijZ\e_gbx
< h^ghjh^ghf fZ]gblghf ihe_ fZ]gblgu_ ebgbb iZjZee_evgu b jZkiheh`4. _gu k h^bgZdh\hc ]mklhlhc < g_h^ghjh^ghf fZ]gblghf ihe_ fZ]gblgu_ ebgbb bkdjb\e_gu b jZkiheh`_gu k jZaebqghc ]mklhlhc
5. Dj_klbdZfb b lhqdZfb
GZ^h \aylv ijh\h^gbd b ijhimklblv§45. ih g_fm lhd kgZqZeZ \ h^ghf gZijZ\e1. _gbb Z aZl_f \ ^jm]hf Ijb baf_g_gbb gZijZ\e_gby lhdZ gZ ijhlb\hiheh`gh_ jy^hf jZkiheh`_ggZy k ijh\h^gbdhf fZ]gblgZy klj_edZ ih\_jg_lky gZ LZdbf h[jZahf gZijZ\e_gb_ fZ]gblguo ebgbc k\yaZgh k gZijZ\e_gb° _f lhdZ
?keb gZijZ\e_gb_ ihklmiZl_evgh]h ^\b`_gby [mjZ\qbdZ kh\iZ^Z2. _l k gZijZ\e_gb_f lhdZ \ ijh\h^gbd_ lh gZijZ\e_gb_ \jZs_gby jmqdb [mjZ\qbdZ kh\iZ^Z_l k gZijZ\e_gb_f ebgbc fZ]gblgh]h ihey kha^Zggh]h wlbf lhdhf
AgZy gZijZ\e_gb_ lhdZ fh`gh hij_^_eblv gZijZ\e_gb_ ebgbc fZ]gblgh]h3. ihey b gZh[hjhl agZy gZijZ\e_gb_ fZ]gblguo ebgbc fh`gh hij_^_eblv gZijZ\e_gb_ lhdZ
?keb h[o\Zlblv khe_ghb^ eZ^hgvx ijZ\hc jmdb b gZijZ\blv q4. luj_ iZevpZ ih gZijZ\e_gbx lhdZ \ g_f lh hlklZ\e_gguc gZ °
23
[hevrhc iZe_p [m^_l mdZau\Zlv gZijZ\e_gb_ ebgbc fZ]gblgh]h ihey \gmljb khe_ghb^Z
AgZy gZijZ\e_gb_ lhdZ \ khe_ghb^_ fh`gh hij_^_eblv gZijZ\e5. _gb_ ebgbc fZ]gblgh]h ihey \gmljb g_]h b gZh[hjhl agZy gZijZ\e_gb_ fZ]gblguo ebgbc \gmljb khe_ghb^Z fh`gh hij_^_eblv gZijZ\e_gb_ lhdZ
§46.
;_j_lky ijh\h^gbd b ih^\_rb\Z_lky gZ ]b[dbo ijh\h^Zo dhlhju_ q1. j_a j_hklZl ih^dexq_gu d bklhqgbdm lhdZ Ijh\h^gbd ihf_sZxl \ fZ]gblgh_ ihe_ ih^dh\hh[jZagh]h fZ]gblZ ?keb aZfdgmlv p_iv lh ijh\h^gbd k lhdhf ijb^_l \ ^\b`_gb_ ?keb `_ fZ]gbl m[jZlv b aZfdgmlv p_iv lh k ijh\h^gbdhf ijhbkoh^blv gbq_]h g_ [m^_l LZdbf h[jZahf gZ ijh\h^gbd k lhdhf ihf_s_gguf \ fZ]gblgh_ ihe_ ^_ckl\m_l kbeZ
FZ]gblgh_ ihe_ h[gZjm`b\Z_lky k\hbf ^_ckl\b_f gZ ijh\h^gbd k lhdhf2.
GZijZ\e_gb_ wlhc kbeu aZ\bkbl hl gZijZ\e_gby lhdZ \ ijh\h^gbd3. _ b gZijZ\e_gby fZ]gblguo ebgbc
>ey ijh\h^gbdZ _keb e_\Zy jmdZ jZkiheh`_gZ lZd qlh __ q_luj_ iZevpZ4. gZijZ\e_gu ih gZijZ\e_gbx lhdZ Z fZ]gblgu_ ebgbb \oh^yl \ eZ^hgv i_ji_g^bdmeyjgh d g_c lh hlklZ\e_gguc [hevrhc iZe_p mdZ`_l gZijZ\e_gb_ ^_ckl\mxs_c gZ ijh\h^gbd kbeu >ey ^\b`ms_cky aZjy`_gghc qZklbpu _keb e_\Zy jmdZ jZkiheh`_gZ lZd qlh __ q_luj_ iZevpZ jZkiheh`_gu ijhlb\ gZijZ\e_gby ^\b`_gby hljbpZl_evghc qZklbpu ih gZijZ\e_gbx ^\b`_gby iheh`bl_evghc Z fZ]gblgu_ ebgbb \oh^yl \ eZ^hgv i_ji_g^bdmeyjgh d g_c lh hlklZ\e_gguc [hevrhc iZe_p mdZ`_l gZijZ\e_gb_ ^_ckl\mxs_c gZ wlm qZklbpm kbeu
AZ gZijZ\e_gb_ lhdZ \h \g_rg_c qZklb p_ib ijbgbfZxl gZijZ\e5. _gb_ ^\b`_gby hl iheh`bl_evgh]h ihexkZ bklhqgbdZ lhdZ d hljbpZl_evghfm
Ih ijZ\bem e_\hc jmdb fh`gh hij_^_eblv gZijZ\e_gb_ kbeu ^6. ckl\mxs_c gZ ijh\h^gbd k lhdhf \ fZ]gblghf ihe_ beb gZijZ\e_gb_ kbeu ^_ckl\mxs_c gZ aZjy`_ggmx qZklbpm ^\b`msmxky \ fZ]gblghf ihe_ LZd`_ ihevamykv wlbf ijZ\behf fh`gh hij_^_eblv gZijZ\e_gb_ lhdZ \ ijh\h^gbd_ _keb agZ_f dZd gZijZ\e_gu fZ]gblgu_ ebgbb b kbeZ ^_ckl\mxsZy gZ ijh\h^gbd gZijZ\e_gb_ fZ]gblguo ebgbc _keb agZ_f dZd gZijZ\e_g lhd \ ijh\h^gbd_ b kbeZ ^_ckl\mxsZy gZ g_]h agZd aZjy^Z ^\b`ms_cky qZklbpu _keb agZ_f dZd gZijZ\e_gu fZ]gblgu_ ebgbb kdhjhklv ^\b`_gby qZklbpu b kbeZ ^_ckl\mxsZy gZ g__ b l ^
24
< kemqZ_ dh]^Z gZijZ\e_gb_ lhdZ \ ijh\h^gbd_ eb[h gZijZ\e_gb_ kdhjhklb7. qZklbpu kh\iZ^Zxl k gZijZ\e_gb_f fZ]gblghc ebgbb beb iZjZee_evgu _c
§47.
FZ]gblgZy bg^mdpby ² wlh \_dlhjgZy nbabq_kdZy \_ebqbgZ oZjZdl1. _jbamxsZy fZ]gblgh_ ihe_ HgZ h[hagZqZ_lky kbf\hehf
Fh^mev \_dlhjZ fZ]gblghc bg^mdpbb hij_^_ey_lky dZd. hlghr2. _gb_ fh^mey kbeu ^_ckl\mxs_c gZ jZkiheh`_gguc i_ji_g^bdmeyjgh fZ]gblguf ebgbyf ijh\h^gbd k lhdhf d kbe_ lhdZ b _]h ^ebg_ B = F .
< kbkl_f_ KB Il Le qblZ_lky©l_keZª
3. Ebgbyfb fZ]gblghc bg^mdpbb gZau\Zxlky ebgbb dZkZl_evgu_ d dhlhjuf4. \ dZ`^hc lhqd_ ihey kh\iZ^Zxl k gZijZ\e_gb_f \_dlhjZ fZ]gblghc bg^mdpbb
FZ]gblgh_ ihe_ h^ghjh^gh _keb \h \k_o _]h lhqdZo fZ]gblgZy bg^mdpby5. ihklhyggZ < ijhlb\ghf kemqZ_ fZ]gblgh_ ihe_ g_h^ghjh^gh
KbeZ ^_ckl\mxsZy gZ fZ]gblgmx klj_edm beb ^\b`msbcky aZjy^ \6. fZ]gblghf ihe_ [m^_l l_f [hevr_ q_f [hevr_ fh^mev \_dlhjZ fZ]gblghc bg^mdpbb \ ^Zgghc lhqd_ ihey
§48.
FZ]gblguc ihlhd ijhgbau\Zxsbc iehkdbc dhglmj \ fZ]gblghf ihe1. _ aZ\bkbl hl fh^mey \_dlhjZ fZ]gblghc bg^mdpbb iehsZ^b dhglmjZ b hjb_glZpbb dhglmjZ ih hlghr_gbx d gZijZ\e_gbx fZ]gblguo ebgbc
M\_ebqb\Z_lky \ jZa ihkdhevdm fZ]gblguc ihlhd ijyfh ijhihjpbhgZe2. _g fh^mexn \_dlhjZ fZ]gblghc bg^mdpbb
FZ]gblguc ihlhd fZdkbfZe_g _keb iehkdhklv dhglmjZ i3._ji_g^bdmeyjgZ d gZijZ\e_gbx fZ]gblguo ebgbc b jZ\_g gmex _keb iehkdhklv dhglmjZ iZjZee_evgZ fZ]gblguf ebgbyf
4. >Z f_gy_lky
§49.
<k_ hiulu ^_fhgkljbjmxl y\e_gb_ we_dljhfZ]gblghc bg^mdpbb aZdexqZxs1. __ky \ \hagbdgh\_gb_ lhdZ \ aZfdgmlhf ijh\h^gbd_ ijb baf_g_gbb fZ]gblgh]h ihlhdZ ijhgbau\Zxs_]h ho\Zq_ggmx
25
ijh\h^gbdhf iehsZ^v < i_j\hf hiul_ ]Zev\Zghf_lj j_]bkljbjm_l ihy\e_gb_ lhdZ \ aZfdgmlhc gZ g_]h dZlmrd_ ijb \klZ\e_gbb \ g__ fZ]gblZ <h \lhjhf hiul_ dZlmrdZ \dexq_ggZy \ p_iv bklhqgbdZ lhdZ \klZ\ey_lky \h \lhjmx dZlmrdm aZfdgmlmx gZ ]Zev\Zghf_lj Ijb aZfudZgbb b jZafudZgbb p_ib ]Zev\Zghf_lj kgh\Z j_]bkljbjm_l lhd
Ijb baf_g_gbb fZ]gblgh]h ihlhdZ q_j_a dZlmrdm
2. Y\e_gb_ we_dljhfZ]gblghc bg^mdpbb aZdexqZ_lky \ \hagbdgh\_gbb we3. _dljbq_kdh]h lhdZ \ aZfdgmlhf ijh\h^gbd_ ijb baf_g_gbb fZ]gblgh]h ihlhdZ ijhgbau\Zxs_]h ho\Zq_ggmx ijh\h^gbdhf iehsZ^v
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