Файл: Исаченко А.Г. Ландшафтоведение и физико-географическое районирование 1991.pdf

(

(

2,8%,;(2(6&-&<,1(4-&+37&1'"<"(1"-;(Mi

2

”E

#GPa(".2$+,(:,'+b,=.0(d."<"(.3#,(

#":$93:3(',7/,'3&(*-&+37&1'"1"-*23>F(j+&*@(1"c'"(/0+&:3.@(+/,(#"+.3#,(X(
*&/&-'0Aa( #-&31$%&*./&''"( *&13<$13+'0A( M

"e

ST

”UITT

#ETTT!( 4a( e

S

|k

#ST!( 4a(

e

•€…

|/8/MST

#SIP!(4P(3(8c'0Aa(/("*'"/'"1(*&13,-3+'0A(M"e

ST

”ETTT

#^ITT!(4a(e

S

”(

ST

#SU!(4i(e

•€…

|/8/MS

#VP!(4P(F(h*.&*./&''0A(#"2-"/("6-,7"/,'(c&*.2":3*.'013(

M*2:&-"=3:@'013P( /&9'"7&:&'013( +&-&/@;13( 3( 2$*.,-'32,13a( *#"*"6'013(
#&-&'"*3.@( :&.'88( 7,*$>$F( Q,36":&&( >,-,2.&-'0&( #-&+*.,/3.&:3( X(
2,1&''0A( +$6( I–•zg‘•w/ yxz•J/ +:;( *&/&-'"<"( #"+.3#,a( +32,;( 1,*:3',( I—xzt/
z•g€~tztJ/ 3( -"c2"/"&( +&-&/"( I‰zgte€vyt/ wyxy˜•tJ/ 8/ +:;( 8c'"<"F( K&*,( #"9.3(
#":'"*.@8( 3*9&7:3a( ',( 3>( 1&*.&( b3-"2"( -,*#-"*.-,'&'0( 7,-"*:3(
/&9'"7&:&'0>(2$*.,-'32"/(M1,2/3*PF(j,#,*0(63"1,**0(/(:&*,>(2,1&''"<"(+$6,(
".'"*3.&:@'"( '&/&:323( M6":&&( VTT( .p<,Pa( #-"+$2.3/'"*.@( .,2c&( '&/0*"2,(
M"2":"( ^/ .p<,P( F( g#,+( 60*.-"( -,7-$b,&.*;F( R( #"9/&( 731"A( #-"3*>"+3.(
3'.&'*3/'"&(>3139&*2"&(/0/&.-3/,'3&(*("6-,7"/,'3&1(/."-39'0>(13'&-,:"/(
3("<:3'&'3&1i(/('3c'&A(9,*.3(#-"=3:;(',2,#:3/,8.*;(2,-6"',.0a(2"."-0&(/(
*$>"A( :&.'3A( #&-3"+( #"+'31,8.*;( #"( 2,#3::;-,1F( l3#39'0&( 2"-39'&/0&(
#"9/0( X( '&A.-,:@'0&( 3:3( *:,6"%&:"9'0&a( 6"<,.0&( "*'"/,'3;13a( *( U( X( ^t(
<$1$*,F((
4$>"A(*&7"'(#-"+":c,&.*;(*(38';(#"(,/<$*.(',(*&/&-&a(*(,#-&:;(#"(*&'.;6-@(X(
',(8<&(M-3*F(ISPa(=$'2?3"'3-"/,'3&(<&"*3*.&1(/(d."(/-&1;("*:,6:&'"i(/&->'3&(
<"-37"'.0(#"9/0(3**$b,8.*;F(B":@b3'*./"(+-&/&*'0>(#"-"+a(,(.,2c&(1'"<3&(
2$*.,-'323a(31&8%3&(1"%'$8(2"-'&/$8(*3*.&1$a(#-"+":c,8.(7&:&'&.@a('"($(
'&2"."-0>(:3*.@;(*/&-.0/,8.*;(3(9,*.39'"("#,+,8.(2(2"'?$(:&.,F(R("2.;6-&(
',93',8.*;( "*&''3&( +"c+3F( 4'&<( /0#,+,&.( '&( &c&<"+'"( 3a( 2,2( #-,/3:"a( '&(
"6-,7$&.( #"2-"/,F( k#37"+39&*23&( 1"-"70( 7,."-1,c3/,8.( -,7/3.3&( -,*.&'3Aa(
'"(6":@b3'*./"(37('3>(#-"+":c,&.(7&:&'&.@(/*8(731$F((
l3#39'"( *-&+37&1'"1"-*23A( >,-,2.&-( *">-,';8.( :,'+b,=.0( '372"<"-'"<"(
;-$*,(X(+"(DTT(X(VTT(1(',(*&/&-'"A("2-,3'&a(+"(SDTTX(SVTT(1(X(',(8<&(M/(
`.:,*&PF( R( '3c'&1( #"+n;-$*&( *-&+'&<"-3A*$6*-&+37&1'"1"-*23A( #";*( *(
:&*,13(37(:3*."#,+'0>(+&-&/@&/(*(/&9'"7&:&'01(#"+:&*2"1(M+"(ETT(X(GTT(1(
',(*&/&-&a(SVTT(X(SITT(1(',(8<&a(/(`.:,*&(1&*.,13(+"(SGTT(X(DTTT(1Pi(/0b&(
X(<"-'0A(,',:"<(*$66"-&,:@'0>(:,'+b,=."/a(#-&31$%&*./&''"(*(6$2"/013(
:&*,13( M+"( SITT( X( DSTT( 1a( '"( ',( 8<&( d.".( #";*( /0#,+,&.Pa( 7,.&1( X( ,',:"<(
6"-&,:@'0>(:,'+b,=."/(*(#3>."/013a(&:"/013a(',(8<&(X(2&+-"/013(:&*,13(
M+"( DTTT( X( DITT( 1PF( !:;( /0*"2"<"-3A( >,-,2.&-'0( 2*&-"=3.'0&( 2$*.,-'323a(
2":89&#"+$b&9'323a(1"cc&/&:"/0&(-&+2":&*@;a(-&c&(X(<"-'0&(:$<,F((
R( 4&/&-'"A( `1&-32&( 2( *-&+37&1'"1"-*2"1$( .3#$( *:&+$&.( ".'&*.3( $72$8(
#":"*$( /+":@( .3>""2&,'*2"<"( #"6&-&c@;( $( #"+'"c@;( B&-&<"/0>( >-&6."/( *(
"9&'@( -"/'01( 2:31,."1( Mi

2

”D

#UPa( #-">:,+'01( :&."1( 3( #"*.";''"( /0*"2"A(

/:,c'"*.@8(/"7+$>,F(B":&&(<$13+'0A(*&/&-'0A(#"+.3#(#-31&9,.&:&'(:&*,13(
37( *&2/"A3( /&9'"7&:&'"A( I•z˜•€et/ wzŽ~zg™ygzvwJ/ 8/ <3<,'.*2"<"( +&-&/,a(
*"7+,8%&<"( 1,2*31,:@'0&( 37/&*.'0&( 7,#,*0( =3."1,**0( M+"( UDIT( .p<,Pi(
<"+39',;((

DES(

(

(

(

#-"+$2?3;(X(+"(D^(.p<,F(~c'0A(#"+.3#(X(*&13,-3+'0Aa(*"(*2:&-"=3:@'013(
:&*,13(37(1'"<3>(/3+"/(+$6,(3(2$*.,-'32,13(M9,#,-,:@P(F((
R( ~c'"A( `1&-32&( :,'+b,=.0( *-&+37&1'"1"-*2"<"( .3#,( 7,'31,8.(
'&6":@b$8(#:"%,+@($(7,#,+'0>(#"+'"c3A(`'+F(42:&-"=3:@'0&(+-&/&*'0&(3(
2$*.,-'32"/0&( *""6%&*./,( "9&'@( */"&"6-,7'0i( /( '3>( #-&+*.,/:&'0( /3+0( 37(
:,/-"/0>a( 1,<'":3&/0>a( *$1,>"/0>( 3( +-Fa( /*.-&9,8.*;( -"%3( 37( d'+&139'"A(
*:"'"/"Aa(3:3(1&+"/"Aa(#,:@10(Iš•…tzt/w~z‘et…yxywJ/(
C,#*23&( :,'+b,=.0( ',( 2-,A'&1( 8<&( `=-323( >,-,2.&-37$8.*;( /*&13(
.3#39'013( "*"6&''"*.;13( *-&+37&1'"1"-*2"<"( 2:31,.,( 3( 6"<,.&Ab313( #"(
/3+"/"1$( *"*.,/$( *2:&-"=3:@'013( -,*.3.&:@'013( *""6%&*./,13a( /( 2"."-0>(
$9,*./$&.('&*2":@2"(.0*;9(d'+&132"/(3(1'"c&*./"(.-&.39'0>(-&:32."/F(K&*,(
#"9.3( '&( *">-,'3:3*@a( <"*#"+*./$&.( e=3'6"bf( X( ,',:"<( 1,2/3*,F( N:">"(
*">-,'3:,*@(3(6"<,.,;(=,$',F((
R( `/*.-,:33( :,'+b,=.0( *-&+37&1'"1"-*2"<"( .3#,( 7,'31,8.( 2-,A'3A( 8<"]
7,#,+'0A( /0*.$#( 1,.&-32,F( j+&*@( 1'"<"( d'+&139'0>( /3+"/a( -"+"/( 3( +,c&(
*&1&A*./( -,*.&'3AF( l3#39'0( :&*,( 37( *2:&-"=3:@'0>( d/2,:3#."/( *(
2$*.,-'32"/01( ;-$*"1a( /( 2"."-"1( 1'"<"( #-&+*.,/3.&:&A( #-".&A'0>F(
4/"&"6-,7'"(c3/".'"&(',*&:&'3&(*(1'"<313(*$19,.013(M2&'<$-$a(1$-,/@&+(3(
+-FPF((
?=W&"-:/6#78/#' 7#%/5=%/$*2#' 4(#7-7&#:*2#9' ()*$+),&2;' R:,c'0&(
:&*'0&(*$6.-"#39&*23&(:,'+b,=.0(/"*."9'0>(*&2."-"/(2"'.3'&'."/(#"(1&-&(
*"2-,%&'3;( $/:,c'&'3;( /( ',#-,/:&'33( 2( ?&'.-$( *$b3( #&-&>"+;.( /(
*&13<$13+'0&(:,'+b,=.0(Mg”ETT

#STTT(11a(i

$

(”(TaI

#TaGPa(#-&31$%&*./&''"(*(

:&.'31( 1,2*31$1"1( "*,+2"/F( C"'.3'&'.,:@'"*.@( 2:31,.,( '&*2":@2"(
#"/0b,&.*;( M"609'"( i

2

”GPF( 5,*.3.&:@'0A( #"2-"/( +"/":@'"( -,7'""6-,7&'(

M-&+2":&*@;a( *,/,''0a( /0*"2".-,/'0&( #-&-33P( 3( 1"c&.( -,**1,.-3/,.@*;( 2,2(
*$6.-"#39&*23A(,',:"<(:&*"*.&#3F((
R(*$6.-"#39&*2"A(`733(#&-&>"+(".(/:,c'"A(/"*."9'"A(#&-3=&-33(2(,-3+'"1$(
?&'.-$( #-3$-"9&'( 2( /0*"2"<"-@;1( /"*."9'"A("2-,3'0( l36&.*2"<"( ',<"-@;a( 3(
&<"( 1"c'"( #-"*:&+3.@( :3b@( /( ',:3933( *1&b,''0>( 3( #&-&>"+'0>( *#&2.-"/(
/0*".'"A( #";*'"*.3i( /( 9,*.'"*.3a( 7,-"*:3( /&9'"7&:&'0>( -"+"+&'+-"'"/( 3(
/0*"2".-,/'0&( :$<,( 7,1&%,8.*;( 7+&*@( :3*."#,+'013( 2$*.,-'32,13a(
2"6-&73&/013(#$*."b,13a(-,7-&c&''013(#"+$b&9'32,13F((
R(4&/&-'"A(`1&-32&(7"',(/:,c'0>(*$6.-"#39&*23>(:&*"/("2,A1:&',(',(7,#,+&(
#":"*"A( */"&"6-,7'"A( :&*"*.&#3a( /( 2"."-"A( /0*"2".-,/'0&( *$6.-"#39&*23&(
*.&#3( *( #-&"6:,+,'3&1( 6"-"+,9,( ',( 9&-'"7&1"/3+'0>( #"9/,>( M6:3723>( 2(
6-8'37&1,1P(9&-&+$8.*;(*(-,7-&c&''013(3('372"-"*:013(+$6"/013(:&*,13F((
R( ~c'"A( `1&-32&( :,'+b,=.0( ,',:"<39'"<"( .3#,( -,*#-"*.-,'&'0( *&/&-'&&(
K,]N:,.0F(C:31,.(7+&*@(".'"*3.&:@'"(1;<23A(Mi

2

”E(X(^P(3(/:,c'0A(Mg”STTT(

X( SUTT( 11a( i

2

( X( 6:37"2( 2( SaTPF( 5,*.3.&:@'"*.@( 31&&.( >,-,2.&-( *,/,''0( *(

'372"-"*:01(-,7-&c&''01(+-&/"*."&1(37(/&9'"7&:&'0>(3(:3*."#,+'0>(#"-"+(
3( 7:,2"/01( #"2-"/"1( 3:3( /0*"2".-,/'"A( -,7'".-,/'"]7:,2"/"A( *.&#3( *(
2$*.,-'32,13(3("*.,.2,13(:&*"/(M7"'.32"/3+',;(,2,?3;a(2":893&(#-"7"#3*0(3(
+-FPF(N"9/0(X(.&1'"?/&.'0&(6-8'37&10F((

DED(

(

(

(

Q,( 8<"]/"*."2&( `/*.-,:33( *&13<$13+'0&( *$6.-"#323( >,-,2.&-37$8.*;(
-&+2"*."A'013(d/2,:3#."/013(:&*,13(*(<$*.01(#"+:&*2"1(37(*2:&-"=3:@'0>(
2$*.,-'32"/a( #&-&>"+;%313( /( d/2,:3#."/0&( -&+2":&*@;( *"( 7:,2"/01(
#"2-"/"1F( N"9/0( X( 2-,*'"/,."]2"-39'&/0&( 3:3( 2-,*'"]6$-0&a( 6:3723&( 2(
2"-39'&/01a(1,:"<$1$*'0&a(*('&A.-,:@'"A(-&,2?3&A(3('372"A(',*0%&''"*.@8(
"*'"/,'3;13F((
?=W&"-:/6#78/#' 7#%/)"/$*2#' 47&#:*2#9' ()*$+),&2;' l3#39'0( +:;(
#&-&>"+'0>( /"*."9'0>( *&2."-"/( *$6.-"#39&*2"<"( #";*,F( N"( *-&+'31(
#"2,7,.&:;1( $/:,c'&'3;( Mg”UTT

#GTT( 11a( i

$

( ”TaV

#TaEP( "'3( *>"+'0( *"(

*-&+37&1'"1"-*2313( :,'+b,=.,13a( "+',2"( 7+&*@( "*,+23( /0#,+,8.( /(
"*'"/'"1( :&."1a( 2"<+,( "'3( 1,:"d==&2.3/'0( 37]7,( /0*"2"A( 3*#,-;&1"*.3F(
4$%&*./"/,'3&( :&*"/a( 2,2( #-,/3:"a( 3*2:89&'"J( #-&"6:,+,8.( *.&#3( 3:3(
,-3+'0&(-&+2":&*@;F((
4&/&-",1&-32,'*23A( .3#( *&13,-3+'0>( *$6.-"#32"/( >"-"b"( /0-,c&'( ',(
2-,A'&1(8<&(R&:323>(-,/'3'F(C:31,.(7+&*@(6:37"2(2/-&72"(2"'.3'&'.,:@'"1$F(
}".;(1,2*31$1("*,+2"/(#-3>"+3.*;(',(:&."a("'3(',1'"<"('3c&(3*#,-;&1"*.3a(
3( ,2.3/'0A( #&-3"+( "<-,'39&'( /( "*'"/'"1( /&*&''313( 1&*;?,13( M,#-&:@( X(
38'@P(F(L"'(-,*.3.&:@'"<"(#"2-"/,(*"7+,8.('3723&(#:".'"+&-'"/3''0&(7:,23(
X( /3+0( .-,/0( <-,1,( IŒ€•ezx€•tJ2/ ,-3*.3+0a( 1&*23."/,;( .-,/,( Isyxtgyt/
‘zv‘’g€yuzwJ2/ *-&+3( 2"."-0>( -,76-"*,'0( 2":893&( 2$*.,-'323( X( 1&*23."/"&(
+&-&/"( I•g€w€~yw/ ”•xyhx€gtJ2/ '372"-"*:0&( ,2,?33a( 2-&"7"."/0A( 2$*.( IatggztJ/ 3(
+-F( N"9/0( X( 2-,*'"/,."]6$-0&( 1,:"<$1$*'0&( MSaI( X( VaTtPa( *( '&A.-,:@'"A(
3:3(*:,6"23*:"A(-&,2?3&A(3(2,-6"',.,13(/(3::8/3,:@'"1(<"-37"'.&F((
R( ~c'"A( `1&-32&( 2( *&13,-3+'01( *$6.-"#32,1( ".'"*;.*;( -,/'3'0( N,-,'0(
X( K,]N:,.0( M#,1#,P( *"( *.&#'"A( +&-'"/3''"7:,2"/"A( -,*.3.&:@'"*.@8( M37(
2"/0:&A(3(+-FPF(N"(1&-&($*3:&'3;(*$>"*.3(#";/:;8.*;(2*&-"=3:@'0&(+&-&/?,(
3( 2$*.,-'323( M#-"7"#3*0( 3( +-FPF( N"9/0( X( 9&-'"7&1"/3+'0&( 1,:"<$1$*'0&a(
b3-"2"( -,7/3."( *"+"/"&( 7,*":&'3&F( Q,9,:"( /&<&.,?33( /( #,1#&( X( /( 2"'?&(
*&'.;6-;( X( #&-/"A( +&2,+&( "2.;6-;i( /( ;'/,-&( X( =&/-,:&( X( #&-3"+( :&.'&<"(
#":$#"2";a(/(1,-.&(',6:8+,&.*;("c3/:&'3&a(#"*:&(9&<"(X(#&-&>"+(2(731'&1$(
#"2"8a(.-,/,(/0*0>,&.F((
R( ~c'"A( `=-32&( *$6.-"#39&*23&( *.&#3( X( e/&:+f( X( *( <$*.01( 3( /0*"231(
7:,2"/01(#"2-"/"1(M.&1&+,a(6"-"+,9(3(+-FP(',(9&-'"7&1"/3+'0>(<"-'"*.&#'0>(
#"9/,>( 7,'31,8.( #:,."( R0*"23A( R&:+( MSVTTX( DTTT( 1( ',+( $-F( 1"-;P( 3( #"(
*$%&*./$(+":c'0(-,**1,.-3/,.@*;(2,2(/0*".'0A(#";*(/(7"'&(*$6.-"#39&*23>(
#":$#$*.0'@F((
R(`/*.-,:33(2(*$6.-"#39&*2"1$(*&13,-3+'"1$(.3#$(*:&+$&.(".'&*.3(8c'0&(
/'$.-&''3&( -,A"'0( /"*."9'"<"( *&2."-,( 1,.&-32,( *"( *2:&-"=3:@'013(
d/2,:3#."/013(-&+2":&*@;13a(#"+(#":"<"1(2"."-0>(-,*.$.('&/0*"23&(,2,?33a(
2,7$,-3'0F( 4( $*3:&'3&1( ,-3+'"*.3( "'3( #&-&>"+;.( /( '3723&( ,2,?3&/0&(
-&+2":&*@;(3(+&-'"/3''"7:,2"/0&(*""6%&*./,(3>(2"/0:;a(+,'."'33a(.&1&+0F((
?=W&"-:/6#78/#' )"/$*2#' 4:-(=:=7&2**2#9' ()*$+),&2;' k.,( <-$##,(
.;<".&&.( 2( 7,#,+'01( *&2."-,1( *$6.-"#39&*2"<"( #";*,a( <+&( *">-,';&.*;(
*-&+37&1'"1"-*23A( -&c31( "*,+2"/( *( 731'31( 1,2*31$1"1a( '"( <"+"/"&(
2":39&*./"("*,+2"/(*"2-,%,&.*;(+"(VTT(X(DTT(11a((

DEV(

(

(

(

,(i

$

”TaV

#TaDF(N-3*-&+37&1'"1"-*23A(.3#(:,'+b,=."/(d."A(*&-33(#-&+*.,/:&'(

=-,<1&'.,13( /( 6,-@&-'"].&'&/0>( $*:"/3;>( ',( 8<"]/"*."2&( N3-&'&A*2"<"(
#":$"*.-"/,(3(*#:"b'"A(#":"*"A(X(',(*&/&-&(`=-323F(4$>"A(#&-3"+(+:3.*;(
7+&*@(*(1,-.,(3:3(,#-&:;(#"(*&'.;6-@i(<"*#"+*./$8.(-,7-&c&''0&(*""6%&*./,(
37( ,:c3-*2"<"( 2"/0:;a( 3:3( ,:@=0( I•ey~t/ ezvteywwyŽtJ2/ ,/ $9,*.3&1( #":0'&A( ',(
*&-"]2"-39'&/0>(#"9/,>F((
N&-&+'&,73,.*23A( .3#( ,-3+'0>( *$6.-"#32"/( "6-,7$&.( #-"+":c&'3&(
*-&+37&1'"1"-*2"A( 7"'0( ',( /"*."2F( N-&"6:,+,'3&( <"-'"<"( -&:@&=,(
"6$*:"/:3/,&.( 6":@b$8( #&*.-".$( :,'+b,=."/F( R'$.-3<"-'0&( /#,+3'0( 9,*."(
31&8.( -&72"( 2"'.3'&'.,:@'0A( #$*.0''0A( >,-,2.&-( *( *""6%&*./,13( 37(
#":0'&Aa( *":;'"2( 3( 7',93.&:@'01( $9,*.3&1( d=&1&-"/( 3( d=&1&-"3+"/F(
g*'"/'"A( /&<&.,?3"''0A( #&-3"+( #-3>"+3.*;( ',( 1,-.( X( 1,Aa( *( 38';( +"(
"2.;6-;( 7,*$>,a( /( "2.;6-&( /&<&.,?3;( "c3/:;&.*;a( '"( *( 2"'?,( '";6-;(
#-&2-,%,&.*;( 37]7,( '3723>( .&1#&-,.$-F( N"9/0( 6:3723( 2( *&-"7&1,1( 3:3( *&-"]
2"-39'&/01i(9,*.0(*":"'9,23(3(6&**."9'0&(*":&'0&("7&-,F(R0*".'"]#";*'"A(
*#&2.-( /2:89,&.( <"-'0&( *.&#3( M+"( SSTT( X( SITT( 1( 3( /0b&Pa( #";*( *"*'"/0>(
:&*"/( *( $9,*.3&1( :3*."#,+'0>( +$6"/a( /0*"2"<"-'0&( 2":89&#"+$b&9'323( 3(
:$<,F((
R( 4&/&-'"A( `1&-32&( /0+&:;&.*;( 2,:3="-'3A*23A( .3#( *$6.-"#39&*23>(
,-3+'0>( :,'+b,=."/( *( -&72"( /0-,c&''01( *-&+37&1'"1"-*231( -&c31"1(
$/:,c'&'3;( 3( *""6%&*./,13( 37( 2"/0:&A( 3( +-$<3>( +&-'"/3''0>( 7:,2"/( *(
#"*.&#&''01( $*3:&'3&1( -":3( #$*.0''0>( 2$*.,-'392"/F( R( ~c'"A( `1&-32&(
,',:"<"1("#3*,''0>(.3#"/(*:$c,.(:,'+b,=.0a(:&c,%3&(-/7,#,+$(".(#,1#0(/(
+"c+&/"A( .&'3( N,1#3'*23>( *@&--( 3( `'+( *( 2*&-"=3.'01( -&+2":&*@&1( 37(
#-"7"#3*"/( 3( 2":89313( 2$*.,-'32,13F( R( ~c'"A( `=-32&( -,*#-"*.-,'&'0(
*$6.-"#39&*23&( #":$#$*.0'3( *( '372313( *2:&-"=3:@'013( 2$*.,-'32,13a(
+&-'"/3''013(7:,2,13(3(*$22$:&'.,13i(#"9/0(X(*/&.:"]6$-0&a('&A.-,:@'0&a(
1,:"<$1$*'0&(MTaI(X(SaTtPa(*"(*2"#:&'3;13(2,-6"',."/(/('3c'3>(<"-37"'.,>F(
R( `/*.-,:33( 2( *$6.-"#39&*231( #":$#$*.0';1( 1"c'"( ".'&*.3( :,'+b,=.0(
8<"]7,#,+,( 1,.&-32,a( "6-,7$8%3&( #&-&>"+( ".( *-&+37&1'"1"-*2"<"( .3#,( 2(
*$6.-"#39&*231(#$*.0';1F(C*&-"=3.'0&(d/2,:3#."/0&(-&+2":&*@;(#&-&>"+;.(
/( e1,::3]*2-,6f( X( -,7-&c&''0&( 7,-"*:3( 2$*.,-'32"/0>( d/2,:3#."/i( 1'"<"(
7,12'$.0>(/#,+3'(*(#&-&*0>,8%313("7&-,13(3(*":"'9,2,13F((
?=W&"-:/6#78/#' S87&"))"/$*2#' 4:=7&2**2#9' ()*$+),&2;' N$*.0'3(
-,*#":"c&'0(/"(/'$.-&''3>(*&2."-,>(*$6.-"#39&*2"<"(#";*,a('&-&+2"(/0>"+;(
2(7,#,+'01(#"6&-&c@;1(1,.&-32"/F(C:31,.(-&72"(3(2-,A'&(2"'.3'&'.,:@'0A(
Mi

2

”W

#STPa(*(6":@b313(7,#,*,13(.&#:,(M"e

ST

(X(+"(GTTT

!(4a(e

S

”G

#SD!(4a(e

D

(X(+"(

VD( X( VU

!( 4Pa( >".;( 731"A( "609'0( 7,1"-"723( Me

•€…

( +"( X( ST

!( 4PF( o/:,c'&'3&(

-&72"( '&+"*.,."9'"&( Ig/ 8/ 1&'&&( DTT( 11a( 9,*."( 1&'&&( STT( 11i( i

$

( X( "609'"(

'3c&( TaTIa( -&c&( +"( TaSTPa( /( -&c31&( "*,+2"/( "609'"( *2,70/,&.*;(
*-&+37&1'"1"-*23A( .3#F( },-,2.&-'0( +&=:;?3;a( +&;.&:@'"*.@( /-&1&''0>(
/"+"."2"/a(',2"#:&'3&("6:"1"9'"<"(1,.&-3,:,(3(*":&AF(5,*.3.&:@'0A(#"2-"/(
2-,A'&(-,7-&c&''0Aa(>".;(#"(*"*.,/$(6"<,9&a(9&1(/(*$66"-&,:@'0>(#$*.0';>F(
R(c3/".'"1(13-&(#-&+*.,/:&'0(-,7'""6-,7](

DEU(

(

(

(

'0&( "63.,.&:3( ".2-0.0>( #-"*.-,'*./a( /( ."1( 93*:&( <-07$'0( 3( 2"#0.'0&i(
1'"<"(#.3?a(#-&*102,8%3>*;a(',*&2"10>F((
R(h/-,733(2(d."A(<-$##&(".'"*;.*;(#$*.0''0&(:,'+b,=.0(#&-&+'&,73,.*2"<"(
.3#,a( 7,'31,8%3&( 6":@b$8( 9,*.@( H-,'*2"<"( X( ',<"-@;F( N-&"6:,+,8.(
-,7-&c&''0&( *""6%&*./,( #":0'&Aa( *":;'"2a( #*,11"=3."/( 3( <,:"=3."/F(
g6b3-'0&( /#,+3'0( 7,';.0( *":"'9,2,13F( R&<&.,?3;( ',93',&.*;( "609'"( /(
=&/-,:&a(,(2(2"'?$(1,;(d=&1&-0(3(+-$<3&(.-,/;'3*.0&(-,*.&'3;(/0<"-,8.F(4(
38';( #"( *&'.;6-@( #-,2.39&*23( '&( 60/,&.( +"c+&AF( Q3c'3A( #";*( <y•( M+"(
SGTT

#DUTT( 1P( 7,'31,8.( #":0''"]d=&1&-"/0&( #$*.0'3( *( *""6%&*./,13(

',<"-'0>( 2*&-"=3."/F( R0b&( *:&+$&.( #";*( 1"cc&/&:"/0>( -&+2":&*3Aa(
',<"-'0>( 2*&-"=3."/a( 1&*.,13( X( *.&#&AF( R( /0*"2"<"-@;>( #";/:;8.*;(
=-,<1&'.0("*.&#'&''0>(:$<"/F((
R( 4&/&-'"A( `=-32&( #-&+*,>,-*23&( *$6.-"#39&*23&( #$*.0'3( #"*.&#&''"a( 6&7(
9&.2"<"(#&-&>"+,a(*:3/,8.*;(*(.-"#39&*2313(#$*.0';13(4,>,-0F(R(4&/&-'"A(
`1&-32&( 1&c+$( *$6.-"#39&*2313( 3( .-"#39&*2313( #$*.0';13( .,2c&( '&.(
9&.2"A( <-,'3F( N&-/0&( ".:39,8.*;( 3*2:893.&:@'"( ,-3+'01( 2-,A'&(
2"'.3'&'.,:@'01( 2:31,."1a( -,7-&c&''013( *""6%&*./,13( 2-&"7"."/,( 2$*.,(
IatggztJ>/ ~c'",1&-32,'*23&( *$6.-"#39&*23&( #$*.0'3( 7,'31,8.( 1&c<"-'0&(
/#,+3'0(3(#-&+<"-@;(/(+"c+&/"A(.&'3(`'+(*(7,-"*:;13(2":893>(2$*.,-'32"/a(
*":"'9,2,13a(

*":&'013(

"7&-,13F(

~c'",=-32,'*23&(

d2*.-,,-3+'0&(

*$6.-"#323( /0>"+;.( 2( 6&-&<,1( `.:,'.39&*2"<"( "2&,',F( N-3"2&,'39&*23&(
#$*.0'3(

".:39,8.*;(

*-,/'3.&:@'"(

#-">:,+'01(

:&."1a(

/0*"2"A(

".'"*3.&:@'"A(

/:,c'"*.@8(

/"7+$>,a(

9,*.013(

.$1,',13F(

g*'"/$(

-,*.3.&:@'"*.3( *"*.,/:;8.( *$22$:&'.0F( 4$6.-"#39&*23&( #$*.0'3( `/*.-,:33(
#-3102,8.( 2( B":@b"1$( `/*.-,:3A*2"1$( 7,:3/$F( j+&*@( +"13'3-$8.(
<,:"=3.'0&( 2$*.,-'3923( M#-$.';2a( :&6&+,P( ',( 1,:"1"%'0>( *&-"]6$-0>(
2,-6"',.'0>a(/('3c'3>(<"-37"'.,>(7,*":&''0>(3(7,<3#*"/,''0>(#"9/,>F(

(

V"-:/6#78/#'/'7=WS8.)&-"/)(3*2#'()*$+),&2(
l-"#39&*23A( #";*( >,-,2.&-37$&.*;( #,**,.'"A( ?3-2$:;?3&A( 3( #-&"6:,+,'3&1(
2-,A'&,-3+'0>( M#$*.0''0>P( :,'+b,=."/F( K3b@( /( /"*."9'0>( *&2."-,>(
6:,<"+,-;( /"7+&A*./38( "2&,'39&*23>( #,**,."/( 3( 1$**"'"/( #";/:;8.*;(
:,'+b,=.0( <$13+'0>a( ,( .,2c&( #&-&>"+'0>( .3#"/F( j+&*@( ',36":&&( ;-2"(
/0-,c&',( *1&',( .3#"/( :,'+b,=."/( #"( +":<".&F( R( *$6d2/,."-3,:@'"1( #";*&(
*&7"''0&( 2":&6,'3;( "6%&A( ?3-2$:;?33( ,.1"*=&-0( "6$*:"/:3/,8.( *1&'$(
*$>3>( .-"#39&*23>( /"7+$b'0>( 1,**( M/( 731'3&( 1&*;?0P( 3( /:,c'0>(
d2/,."-3,:@'0>( M/( :&.'88( 9,*.@( <"+,PF( g.*8+,( *:&+$&.( -&72,;( *&7"''"*.@(
$/:,c'&'3;( 3( /*&>( #-3-"+'0>( #-"?&**"/F( l3#0( :,'+b,=."/( X( ,-3+'0&a(
*&13<$13+'0&a( *&13,-3+'0&( 3( <$13+'0&( X( *1&';8.( +-$<( +-$<,( #"( b3-".&a(
.F&F( *( #-36:3c&'3&1( 2( d2/,."-$F( N"( .&#:""6&*#&9&''"*.3( .-"#39&*23&( 3(
*$6d2/,."-3,:@'0&(:,'+b,=.0(6:3723F(}".;(<"+"/"A(-,+3,?3"''0A(6,:,'*(/(
#&-/0>(*"*.,/:;&.(DITT(X(VTTT(O!cp1

D

a((

DEI(

(