Файл: Л.А. Бердюгина Грамматический справочник. Часть I. Теория (Английский язык).pdf
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CONTINUOUS / PROGRESSIVE TENSES
PRESENT CONTINUOUS |
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Question |
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I’m |
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I’m not |
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am |
I |
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You’re |
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you aren’t |
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is |
he |
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He’s |
(not) |
he isn’t |
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she |
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She’s |
working |
she isn’t |
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Where |
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it |
working |
It’s |
today |
it isn’t |
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are |
you |
today? |
We’re |
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we aren’t |
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we |
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They’re |
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they aren’t |
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they |
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Short forms: Yes, I am. / Yes, he is. No, she isn’t / No, we aren’t NOTE:
1.Окончание – ing добавляется к основе глагола: go – going, visit – visit- ing, eat – eating.
2.Если глагол оканчивается на -e, то -e опускается: smoke – smoking; come – coming, hope – hoping, но если на -ee, то -ee сохраняется и добавляется –ing: see – seeing, agree – agreeing.
3.В односложных глаголах с одной гласной последняя согласная удваи-
вается: stop – stopping, hit – hitting, run – running, но если такие слова оканчиваются на –y и -w, то они не удваиваются: play – playing, show – showing
I. Present Continuous обозначает действие, которое совершается
1)в определённый момент в настоящем:
I’m waiting for the President of the bank.
Я жду президента банка (сейчас). We are introducing new systems.
Мывводимновыесистемы.
2) в ограниченный период времени, связанный с настоящим, но не обязательно в настоящий момент.
Please don’t take that book. Ann’s reading it.
Пожалуйста, не бери ту книгу. Анна читает её.
My friend is spending a lot of time in the library these days, as he’s writing an article.
Мой друг много времени проводит в библиотеке в эти дни, так как он пишет статью.
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II. Present Continuous используется для обозначения будущих планов и договоренностей (встреч):
She is meeting her chief at 2 p.m.
Она встречается со своим шефом в 2 часа дня. We’re having lunch with our partners tomorrow.
Завтра мы обедаем с нашими партнерами.
PAST CONTINUOUS
Positive / Negative |
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was |
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(not ) |
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was |
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she |
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translating |
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translating |
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it |
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We |
were |
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the text. |
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were |
we |
the text? |
You |
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you |
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They |
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Short forms:Yes, he was. /Yes, they were. No, I wasn’t. /No, they weren’t.
Past Continuous используется для:
1) обозначения длительного действия, происходящего в определённый момент или в период времени в прошлом:
I was watching television at 8 last night.
Вчера в 8 часов вечера я смотрел телевизор. The journalist was interviewing her from 4 to 5.
Журналист брал у неё интервью (интервьюировал её) с 4 до 5;
2)во время другого действия в прошлом: He was crossing the road when I saw him.
Он переходил дорогу, когда я увидел его. We were having dinner when he came.
Мы обедали, когда он пришел;
3)для описания фона событий, обстоятельств в прошлом: The sun was shining, the birds were singing.
Солнце светило, птицы пели.
They were walking along the street. It was raining hard.
Они шли по улице. Шел сильный дождь;
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FUTURE CONTINUOUS |
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Positive |
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Negative |
Question |
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I |
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I |
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won’t |
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He |
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he |
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‘ll (will) be |
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(will not) be |
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she |
be writ- |
It |
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writing a let- |
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writing |
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Will |
it |
ing |
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ter. |
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a letter. |
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we |
a letter ? |
You |
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You |
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They |
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Short forms: Yes, I / He will. |
No, I / They won’t. |
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NOTE: С местоимениями I, We в письменной речи употребляется глагол shall вместо will:
We shall be discussing this problem at the meeting.
На собрании мы будем обсуждать эту проблему.
Future Continuous употребляется для выражения:
1)длительного действия, происходящего в определённый момент или период времени в будущем:
I’ll still be working at 5 o’clock.
Я ещё буду работать в 5 часов.
We’ll be waiting for you at home in the evening.
Вечером мы будем ждать вас дома.
2) заранее запланированного действия: They’ll be meeting us at the station.
Они будут встречать нас на станции. I’ll be doing my homework when you come.
Я буду делать свою домашнюю работу, когда ты придёшь.
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PERFECT TENSES:
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PERFECT SIMPLE и PERFECT CONTINUOUS. |
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PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE / CONTINUOUS |
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Have |
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have |
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asked/ |
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he |
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asked/ |
She |
has |
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Has |
she |
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been asking. |
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it |
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been asking? |
We |
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have |
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Have |
you |
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Short forms: No, I/ they haven’t. No, he/she hasn’t.
PAST PERFECT SIMPLE / CONTINUOUS |
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Had |
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asked/ |
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asked/ |
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been asking? |
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been asking. |
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We |
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You |
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They |
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Short forms: Yes, she/they had. |
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No, she/they hadn’t. |
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FUTURE PERFECT SIMPLE / CONTINUOUS |
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Positive/Negative |
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you |
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He |
’ll / |
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have asked/ |
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Will |
he |
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have asked/ |
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She |
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It |
will |
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have been asking. |
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it |
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have been asking? |
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We |
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we |
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They |
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they |
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Short forms: Yes, I / they will. |
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No, I /they won’t. |
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