Файл: Weber H., Herziger G., Poprawe R. (eds.) Laser Fundamentals. Part 1 (Springer 2005)(263s) PEo .pdf

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252

Index

 

 

Eu 210

Excitance radiant 46

Excited-state absorption 237 External reflection 101 Extraordinary beam 145

Factor conversion

for SI and CGS-esu systems 150

gain

220, 226, 227

 

slit

92

 

 

 

Far field

58

 

 

approximation

 

 

Fraunhofer

87

 

fidelity

239

 

 

Fraunhofer approximation

87

power density distribution

55

Far IR region

 

 

di erence frequency generation in 175

Faraday rotator

76

 

Feed-back amplifier 3

 

Femtosecond optical parametric oscillation 184

Ferroelectric oxide

242

 

Feynman representation

32

Fiber

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

laser coupling

129

 

phase conjugator

240

 

Fidelity

240

 

 

 

 

conjugation

238

 

 

far-field

239

 

 

 

Field

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

electric

5

 

 

 

 

 

electromagnetic

5

 

far

58

 

 

 

 

 

 

magnetic

5

 

 

 

near

56

 

 

 

 

 

Fifth harmonic generation

153, 156

of Nd:YAG laser radiation 161

Fluctuation matrix

 

 

beam

67

 

 

 

 

 

Fluorinert

 

 

 

 

 

 

FC 72

229

 

 

 

 

FC 75

229

 

 

 

 

Fluorobenzene

224

 

Fluoromethane

224

 

Formula

 

 

 

 

 

 

dispersion

 

97

 

 

 

Fresnel’s

98, 99

 

 

Sellmeier’s

 

97

 

 

Four-level system

 

24

 

Four-wave

 

 

 

 

 

interaction

 

221

 

 

mixing, degenerate 235, 236

Fourier

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

optics

94

 

 

 

 

 

transform

 

88

 

 

 

Fourth harmonic generation

153, 156

of Nd:YAG laser radiation

160

of Ti:sapphire laser radiation 164

Fraunhofer

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

approximation

 

88

 

 

 

far-field

87

 

 

 

 

 

di raction pattern

89

 

 

far-field approximation

87

 

Free-space propagation

61

 

Freon

238

 

 

 

 

 

 

Frequency

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

conversion

 

 

 

 

 

 

e ciency

151

 

 

 

 

gases

 

205

 

 

 

 

 

in gases

209

 

 

 

 

liquids

205

 

 

 

 

 

mixing

 

208

 

 

 

 

 

Rabi

33

 

 

 

 

 

 

spatial

 

88

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fresnel

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

approximation

 

85, 86

 

 

di raction figure

93

 

 

formulae

98, 99

 

 

 

 

–Kirchho approximation

86

number

88

 

 

 

 

 

Fundamental equations

 

 

of nonlinear optics

207

 

 

GaAs

175, 186, 242

 

 

 

Gain

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

coe cient

18, 229

 

 

 

Brillouin

238

 

 

 

 

factor

220, 226, 227

 

 

 

small-signal

11

 

 

 

Gallium Selenide

 

142

 

 

 

GaP

175, 227

 

 

 

 

 

Gas

205

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

absorbing

237

 

 

 

 

data of

 

108

 

 

 

 

 

-eous media, mixture of

209, 211

frequency conversion in

205, 209

laser radiation

 

 

 

 

 

second harmonic generation of 166

mixture, metal-vapor inert

209, 210

Raman

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

parameters

227

 

 

 

scattering

225

 

 

 

scattering

 

 

 

 

 

 

Raman

225

 

 

 

 

 

GaSe

142, 167, 174, 186

 

 

Gauss

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

–Hermite beam

81

 

 

 

–Laguerre beam

83

 

 

–Schell model

53

 

 

 

beam

 

53

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gaussian

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

apodization

114

 

 

 

Landolt-B¨ornstein

New Series VIII/1A1


Index

253

 

 

beam 53, 81 elliptical 57 propagation 111

imaging 108 line shape 27 matrix 111

Gd2(MoO4)3 225

 

 

 

 

 

 

GeCl4 238

 

 

 

 

 

 

General

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

astigmatic

 

 

 

 

 

 

beam

64, 121, 123

 

 

 

 

 

system

116

 

 

 

 

 

 

parabolic

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

system

112

 

 

 

 

 

 

ray-transfer matrix

117

 

 

 

 

Generalized

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

beam diameter

57

 

 

 

 

 

phase curvature

59

 

 

 

 

 

Generation

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

continuum

 

 

 

 

 

 

picosecond 186

 

 

 

 

 

picosecond, in crystals

186

 

 

 

di erence-frequency

144, 153, 172

 

generation of IR radiation by

172

 

in the far IR region

175

 

 

 

fifth harmonic

153, 156

 

 

 

 

of Nd:YAG laser radiation

161

 

fourth harmonic

153, 156

 

 

 

of Nd:YAG laser radiation

160

 

of Ti:sapphire laser radiation

164

 

harmonic

156

 

 

 

 

 

 

of CO2 laser radiation

166

 

 

 

of harmonics

 

 

 

 

 

 

of high-power Nd:glass laser radiation

162

of iodine laser radiation 162

 

 

of Nd:YAG laser radiation

161

 

second harmonic

144, 152, 156

 

 

in “nonlinear regime”

154

 

 

 

of dye laser radiation

164

 

 

 

of gas laser radiation

166

 

 

 

of Nd:YAG laser radiation

156, 157, 159

of Nd:YAG laser radiation, intracavity

158

of ruby laser radiation

163

 

 

 

of semiconductor laser radiation 164

 

of Ti:sapphire laser radiation

163

 

sixth harmonic

156

 

 

 

 

 

of Nd:YAG laser radiation

161

 

sum-frequency

144, 153, 167

 

 

 

of UV radiation 167–169

 

 

 

third harmonic

152, 156, 208

 

 

 

of Nd:YAG laser radiation

159

 

of Ti:sapphire laser radiation

163

 

Geometric optical radiance

54

 

 

 

Geometrical optics

108

 

 

 

 

Glass

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

BSC-2 229

 

 

 

 

 

 

Landolt-B¨ornstein

New Series VIII/1A1

DF-3

229

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

optical

 

97

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

data of

108

 

 

 

 

 

Glycerol

229

 

 

 

 

 

 

Goos–H¨anchen shift

103

 

 

 

Gradient-index lens

113

 

 

 

Grating

92

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

concave

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Rowland

114

 

 

 

 

 

thermal

237

 

 

 

 

 

 

Group

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

point

150

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

H2, Q(1) 227

 

 

 

 

 

 

Half-wave plate

76

 

 

 

 

Harmonic generation

156

 

 

 

of CO2 laser radiation

166

 

of high-power Nd:glass laser radiation

162

of iodine laser radiation

162

 

of Nd:YAG laser radiation

161

 

Harmonics

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

of high-power Nd:glass laser radiation

162

of iodine laser radiation

162

 

of Nd:YAG laser radiation

161

 

He

211

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

He-Ne laser

166

 

 

 

 

 

Heat pipe

 

209

 

 

 

 

 

 

Helmholtz equation

74, 79

 

 

Hermite–Gaussian beam

53

 

 

higher-order

123

 

 

 

 

Hertz’s dipole

 

8

 

 

 

 

 

Hexagonal

105

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hg

210, 211

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

HgGa2S4

 

143, 171

 

 

 

 

 

Higher order

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

anti-Stokes emission

222

 

 

Hermite–Gaussian beam

 

123

 

Stokes emission

222

 

 

 

Hole-burning

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

spatial

 

237

 

 

 

 

 

 

Holography

237

 

 

 

 

 

Homogeneous

6

 

 

 

 

 

broadening

29, 223

 

 

 

dielectrics

6

 

 

 

 

 

 

system

 

16

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Huygens’ principle

8, 85

 

 

 

Hydrogen

 

226

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hydrogenbromide

226

 

 

 

Hydrogenchloride

226

 

 

 

Hyperbolic

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

propagation law

60

 

 

 

Imaging

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gaussian

108

 

 

 

 

 

Index

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ellipsoid

105

 

 

 

 

 

 

surface

 

105, 146

 

 

 

 

 


254

Index

 

 

Indicatrix optical 145

Induced emission Einstein coe cient 21

Induction magnetic 5

Infrared material, data of 108

Inhomogeneous

 

broadening

30, 223

system

16

 

 

Inner astigmatism

64

InP

242

 

 

 

Input

 

 

 

 

noise 220

 

 

InSb

229

 

 

 

Integral

 

 

 

Collins

126

 

Intensity

8

 

 

radiant

46

 

 

saturation

18

 

Interaction

14

 

coherent

31

 

four-wave 221

 

Hamiltonian

14

 

length

 

 

 

nonlinear

152

 

quasistatic

151

nonlinear

 

 

length

152

 

quasistatic

 

 

length

151

 

three-wave

144

 

Internal reflection

101

Intracavity second harmonic generation of Nd:YAG

laser radiation

158

 

Intrinsic astigmatism 60, 65

 

Inversion density

12, 13, 17

 

Iodine laser radiation

 

harmonics of

162

 

IR

 

 

 

far

 

 

 

region, di erence frequency generation in

175

material, data of

108

 

mid

 

 

 

region, optical parametric oscillation in

186

near

 

 

 

region, cw optical parametric oscillation in

176

 

 

 

region, femtosecond optical parametric

 

oscillation in

184

 

region, nanosecond optical parametric

 

oscillation in

176

 

region, picosecond optical parametric oscillation in 180

radiation

generation by di erence frequency generation

172

 

 

Irradiance

 

46

Isopropanol

224, 226

Isotropic

7

 

crystal

105

dielectrics

6

Jones

 

 

calculus

 

75

matrix

75

vector

75

K210

KB5O8

4D2O

143

KB5O8

4H2O

143

KB5

143, 161, 162, 165, 166, 169

KD2AsO4 143

 

KD2PO4 143

 

KDP

 

143, 156, 159–164, 166, 167, 176, 180, 186

KH2PO4 143

Kleinman symmetry conditions 150

KNbO3

143, 157, 158, 163–165, 179, 185, 242

Kr 211

 

 

 

 

 

Kramers–Kronig relation

97

KTA

143, 173, 179, 183, 185

KTiOAsO4

143

 

 

 

KTiOPO4

143

 

 

 

KTP

143, 156–159, 170, 173, 178, 179, 182–185

Laguerre

 

 

 

 

 

–Gaussian beam 53

 

polynomial 83

 

 

Lamb dip

26

 

 

 

Lambert’s cosine law

47

 

Lambertian radiator

47

 

Laser

 

 

 

 

 

 

argon

166

 

 

 

CO

166

 

 

 

 

crystal

237

 

 

 

energy meter

50

 

 

fiber coupling

129

 

 

He-Ne

166

 

 

 

NH3

166

 

 

 

 

oscillator

3

 

 

 

theory, semiclassical

4

 

Law

 

 

 

 

 

 

Planck’s

21

 

 

 

propagation, hyperbolic

60

LBO

143, 157–159, 161, 163, 169, 177, 178, 181,

182, 184

 

 

 

Length

 

 

 

 

 

 

aperture

151

 

 

 

coherence

238

 

 

di raction

151

 

 

dispersion-spreading

151

e ective

151

 

 

 

Landolt-B¨ornstein

New Series VIII/1A1


Index

255

 

 

interaction

 

 

 

 

nonlinear

152

 

 

 

quasistatic

151

 

 

nonlinear interaction

152

quasistatic interaction

151

Rayleigh

61

 

 

 

Lens

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

aberration

117

 

 

 

gradient-index

113

 

 

shape factor of

117

 

 

thermal

113

 

 

 

thick

110

 

 

 

 

in air

113

 

 

 

 

thin

113

 

 

 

 

 

LFM

143, 156, 165

 

 

Li2B4O7

160, 161

 

 

 

LiB3O5 143

 

 

 

 

LiCOOH H2O

143

 

 

Lifetime

 

 

 

 

 

 

upper-level, T1

18

 

 

Light

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-induced refractive-index change 242

partially polarized

77

 

pressure

50

 

 

 

 

LiHCOO

225

 

 

 

 

LiIO3

143, 156, 158, 159, 161, 163, 165, 166, 170,

172, 175, 176, 180, 186

LiNbO3

143, 156, 158, 159, 161, 166, 170, 172, 175,

176, 180, 186, 237, 242

LiNbO3:MgO

143, 159, 176, 180

Line

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

anti-Stokes

218

 

 

broadening

26, 28

 

 

Raman

 

 

 

 

 

 

vibration-rotation

218

vibrational

218, 223

 

scattering

 

 

 

 

 

Rayleigh, stimulated

228

shape

26

 

 

 

 

 

Gaussian

 

27

 

 

 

Lorentzian

27

 

 

normalization of 27

 

normalized

27

 

 

spectral

17

 

 

 

Stokes

218

 

 

 

 

width

26

 

 

 

 

 

Linear

7

 

 

 

 

 

 

dielectrics

6

 

 

 

optics

73

 

 

 

 

 

susceptibility

205

 

 

Linewidth

226, 227

 

 

Liquid

205

 

 

 

 

 

absorbing

237

 

 

 

crystal

237

 

 

 

 

data of

108

 

 

 

 

frequency conversion in

205

Landolt-B¨ornstein

New Series VIII/1A1

Raman

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

parameters

 

226

 

 

scattering

224

 

 

 

scattering

 

 

 

 

 

 

Raman

224

 

 

 

 

Listing’s construction

110

 

Lithium Fomate

143

 

Lithium Iodate

 

143

 

 

Lithium Niobate

143

 

Lithium Triborate

143

 

Long-term beam width 69

 

Lorentzian line shape

27

 

m-Dinitrobenzene

231

 

m-Nitrotoluene

 

229, 231

 

m-Xylene

225

 

 

 

 

 

Magnetic

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

field

5

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

induction

5

 

 

 

 

 

polarization

6

 

 

 

susceptibility

 

6

 

 

 

Maiman

3

 

 

 

 

 

 

MAP

142, 157

 

 

 

 

 

Master oscillator power amplifier

240

Matching

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

mode

 

128

 

 

 

 

 

phase

144

 

 

 

 

 

condition

208

 

 

 

noncollinear

 

146

 

Material

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

infrared, data of

108

 

negative-refractive-index, data of

108

optical

95

 

 

 

 

 

photorefractive

 

242

 

polymeric, data of

108

 

solid-state-laser, data of 108

 

Matrix

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ABCD

111

 

 

 

 

 

density

206

 

 

 

 

 

fluctuation

 

 

 

 

 

 

beam

67

 

 

 

 

 

Gaussian

111

 

 

 

 

Jones

 

75

 

 

 

 

 

 

ray-transfer

111

 

 

 

general

117

 

 

 

 

system

55

 

 

 

 

 

variance 56

 

 

 

 

 

Maxwell

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

–Bloch equations

 

15, 16

 

equations

5

 

 

 

 

 

Medium

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

dielectric

96

 

 

 

 

 

Meissner

3

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mercury Thiogallate

143

 

meta-Nitroaniline

143

 

Metal

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

data of

108

 

 

 

 

 


256

Index

 

 

optics of

 

98

 

 

 

 

 

vapor

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

inert gas mixture

209, 210

 

 

mixture of di erent

209, 210

 

 

Methane

226

 

 

 

 

 

Methane, Q

227

 

 

 

 

Methanol

224, 226, 229, 230, 238

 

 

Methanol-d4 224

 

 

 

 

Methyl N-(2,4-Dinitrophenyl)-L-Alaninate

142

Methylodide

229

 

 

 

 

Mg 210

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mg+

210

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mg:O-doped Lithium Niobate 143

 

 

MHBA

142, 157

 

 

 

 

Mid IR region

 

 

 

 

 

optical parametric oscillation in

186

 

Miller

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

coe cient

147

 

 

 

 

delta formulation

147

 

 

 

Mirror

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

concave

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

spherical

114

 

 

 

 

phase-conjugate

235

 

 

 

self-adapted

238

 

 

 

 

spherical

113

 

 

 

 

concave

114

 

 

 

 

Misalignment 116

 

 

 

 

Mixed moment

56

 

 

 

 

Mixing

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

frequency

208

 

 

 

 

two-wave

242

 

 

 

 

Mixture

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

metal-vapor inert gas

209, 210

 

 

of di erent metal vapors 209, 210

 

of gaseous media

209, 211

 

 

mNA

143, 157

 

 

 

 

 

Mode

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

competition

26

 

 

 

 

hopping

 

26

 

 

 

 

 

matching

128

 

 

 

 

Model

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gauss–Schell

53

 

 

 

 

Moment

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

angular

56

 

 

 

 

 

centered

 

55

 

 

 

 

 

dipole

11, 15

 

 

 

 

 

mixed

56

 

 

 

 

 

second-order

55

 

 

 

 

determination of

66

 

 

 

radiation field, propagation of

111

 

spatial

56

 

 

 

 

 

Momentum

 

 

 

 

 

 

conservation of 208

 

 

 

Monoclinic

105

 

 

 

 

MOPA (Master Oscillator Power Amplifier)

240

Mueller calculus

77

 

 

 

 

Multimode oscillation 26

 

 

Mutual power spectrum

53

 

 

nπ-pulse 35

 

 

 

 

 

 

N2

211, 238

 

 

 

 

 

 

N2O

226

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

N-(4-Nitrophenyl)-(L)-Propinol 142

 

N-[2-(Dimethylamino)-5-Nitrophenyl]-Acetamide

 

142

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

n-Hexane

229

 

 

 

 

 

n-Nitrotoluene

229

 

 

 

 

Na

210

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

NaClO3

225

 

 

 

 

 

 

Nanosecond optical parametric oscillation 176

Naphthalene

225, 231

 

 

 

Nd:glass high-power laser radiation

 

generation of harmonics

162

 

 

harmonics

162

 

 

 

 

Nd:YAG laser radiation

 

 

 

fifth harmonic generation of

161

 

fourth harmonic generation of

160

 

harmonics of

161

 

 

 

 

intracavity second harmonic generation of

158

second harmonic generation of

156, 157, 159

second harmonic generation, intracavity, of

158

sixth harmonic generation of

161

 

third harmonic generation of

159

 

Ne

211

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Near field

56

 

 

 

 

 

Near IR

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

radiation

 

 

 

 

 

 

up-conversion of

170

 

 

 

region

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

cw optical parametric oscillation in 176

 

femtosecond optical parametric oscillation in

 

184

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

nanosecond optical parametric oscillation in

 

176

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

picosecond optical parametric oscillation in

 

180

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Negative

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

refractive index material, data of 108

 

uniaxial crystal 105, 146

 

 

(NH2)2CO 143

 

 

 

 

NH3 laser

166

 

 

 

 

 

NH4H2AsO4 143

 

 

 

 

NH4H2PO4 143

 

 

 

 

Nitroacetophenone

231

 

 

 

Nitrobenzaldehyde

231

 

 

 

Nitrobenzene

 

225, 226, 229, 231

 

 

Nitrogen

225, 226

 

 

 

 

NO

226

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

NO2C6H4NH2 143

 

 

 

 

Nodal point

110

 

 

 

 

Noise input

220

 

 

 

 

Non-symmetrical optical system

112

 

Noncollinear phase matching 146

 

Landolt-B¨ornstein

New Series VIII/1A1