Файл: Данное учебнометодическое пособие предназначено для учащихся вторых курсов, специализирующихся в области информационных систем и технологий.docx

Exercise 4. Correct the mistakes if necessary and than refer to the text.

• 
  A lot of people connected to the Internet and the large minority were home connections.
  
• 
  People are irresponsible for the documents they author and make available publicity on the Web.
  
• 
  The first part of the URL (before the two slashes) specifies the method of access.
  
• 
  If you are willing to find necessary information over the Internet you must use URL.
  
• 
  Hypermedia combines hypertext and multimedia.
  
• 
  A Web server is a program that, before receipt of a request, sends the document requested back.
  
• 
  A URL is always a single unbroken line with no space.
  
• 
  Every browser has the guilt-in ability to understand the HTTP.
  
• 
  Search Engines help you to dislocate documents.
  
• 
  The server responds by sending the text and any other media within that text to the Search Engine.
  

Exercise 5. Match these suggestions for extensions to their meanings.

Suggested extension	Meaning
.firm	informative
.store	cultural or entertainment
.web	personal
.arts	firm or agency
.rec	online retail shop
.info	Web-related
.nom	recreational

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Part 6. Careers in IT

Соотнесите названия специальностей с их описанием, выпишите основные обязанности для каждой специальности. 

• 
  systems analyst; 
  
• 
  software engineer/designer; 
  
• 
  computer salesperson; 
  
• 
  computer systems support person; 
  
• 
  computer systems analyst programmer; 
  
• 
  hardware engineer; 
  
• 
  network support person. 
  

1. 
   Studies methods of working within an organization to decide how tasks can be done efficiently by computers. Makes a detailed analysis of the employer's requirements and work patterns to prepare a report on different options for using information technology. This may involve consideration of hardware as well as software. Either uses standard computer packages or writes a specification for programmers to adapt existing software or to prepare new software. May oversee the implementation and testing of a system and acts as a link between the user and the programmer. 
   
2. 
   Maintains the link between PCs and workstations connected ii a network. Uses telecommunications, software and electronic skills, and knowledge of the networking software to locate and connect faults. This may involve work with the controlling software, on the wiring, printed circuit boards, software or microchips on a file server, or on cables either within or outside the building. 
   
3. 
   Researches, designs, and develops computers, or parts of computers and the computerized element of appliances, machines, and vehicles. Also involved in their manufacture, installation, and testing. May specialize in different areas-research and development (r & d), design, manufacturing. Has to be aware of cost, efficiency, safety, environmental factors, as well as engineering aspects. 
   
4. 
   Produces the programs which control the internal operations of computers. Converts the system analyst's specification to a logical series of steps. Translates these into the appropriate computer language. Often comply programs from libraries or subprograms, combining these to make up a complete system program. Designs, tests and improves programs for computer-aided design and manufacture, business applications, computer networks and games. 
   
5. 
   Advises potential customers about available hardware and sells equipment to suit individual requirements. Discusses computing needs with client to ensure that a suitable system can be supplied. Organizes the sale and delivery and, if necessary, installation and testing. May arrange support or training, maintenance and consultation. Must have sufficient technical knowledge.
   
6. 
   They are responsible for maintaining updating and modifying the software used by a company. Some specialize in software and electronic skills, and knowledge which helps in handling the basic operation of the computers. This involves the use of machine codes and specialized low-level computer languages. Most handle applications software. May sort out problems encountered by users. Solving problems may involve amending an area of code in the software, retrieving files and data lost when a system crashes, and a basic knowledge of hardware. 
   
7. 
   Creates the software programs used by computers. May specialize in the internal operating systems using low-level computer language, or in applications programs. May specialize in one aspect of the work, e.g. programming, systems design, systems analysis or cover them all. May support the system through advice and training, providing user manuals, and by helping users with any problems that arise. 
   

Job	Paragraph №	Main responsibilities
a. systems analyst
b. software engineer/designer
c. computer salesperson
d. computer systems support person
e. computer systems analyst programmer
f. hardware engineer
g. network support person

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1. 
   
   
2. 
   Conversation Questions. 
   
3. 
   
   
4. 
   Computers
   

5. 
    
   

1. What is the best/worst thing about a computer?

2. Are you connected to the Internet at home? What do you use your connection for?

3. Have you ever studied English using your computer? If so, what did you think of the experience?

4. Do you visit many English-language websites while surfing? Is this for work, study or pleasure?

5. Are you into computer gaming? Which games do you like and why?

6. If somebody took your home computer away, what would be the biggest problem this would cause you?

7. How often do you perform a backup? What kind of backup method do you use? What kind of backup media do you use?

8. What is the worst thing about computers?

9. Computers have changed a lot in the last decade. We have desktop computers, laptops, tablets and smartphones. What do you think we can expect for the future.

10. What would you like computers to do that they can’t do now?

11. Do you try to keep up to date with the latest computer technology? Do you want or need to keep up to date?

12. Do you know any computer programming languages? Do you write any programs?

13. Have you tried any operating systems in addition to the one you currently use (such as Windows, Mac or Linux)? What do you think of these systems?

14. Are you happy to open your computer up and make changes to the hardware? What hardware changes have you made?

15. If you like playing around with computers, are you most interested in hardware or software?

16. What is your opinion of Windows? Mac?

17. There are now various hardware solutions available.

These include: Desktop, Laptop, Tablet, Mobile phone, Smartwatch.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of each one? You should consider such questions as: main function, portability, how easy it is to replace or add components, document creation, document reading, watching television programmes and films, cost, how long they last before they need to be replaced, resale value and whether the technology is now obsolete.

Supplementary texts

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Text 1. Strap on some eyephones and you are virtually there

One of the most exciting new areas of computer research is virtual reality. Having been featured in TV sitcoms as well as public television documentaries, virtual reality is merely an ambitious new style of computer interface. Virtual reality creates the illusion of being in an artificial world — one created by computers.

Virtual reality visitors strap on a set of eyephones, 3D goggles that are really individual computer screens for the eyes. Slipping on the rest of the gear allows you not only to see and hear, but also to sense your voyage. The world of virtual reality has been called cyberspace, a computer-enhanced fantasy world in which you move around and manipulate objects to your mind’s content.

When you move your head, magnetic sensors instruct the computer to refocus your eye phones to your new viewpoint. Sounds surround you, and a fiber-optic glove allows you to “manipulate” what you see. You may seek out strange new worlds, fight monsters in computer combat, or strap yourself into the seat of a Star Wars-type jet and scream through cyberspace, blasting all comers to oblivion (computer oblivion, at least). Or, with your stomach appropriately settled, you might even try out the most incredible roller coaster ride you will ever take in your life.

For the disabled, virtual reality promises a new form of freedom. Consider the wheelchair bound paraplegic child who is suddenly able to use virtual reality gear to take part in games like baseball or basketball. Research funded by the government takes a military point of view, investigating the possibility of sending robots into the real conflict while human beings don cyberspace gear to guide them from back in the lab.

Spectrum Holobyte, a computer games development company, announced its first virtual reality computer game for the home during 1991 Christmas season. Imagine yourself suddenly clutching your handheld laser pistol as a giant bird swoops right at you from the age of dinosaurs! Your laser shot goes astray, and you feel yourself suddenly lifted off the ground and carried higher and higher. That’s enough - for some of us it can be virtually too real.
True or false?

1. 
   Virtual reality is a computer-built fantasy world.
   
2. 
   Virtual reality is also called cyberspace.
   
3. 
   There are no limits to virtual reality.
   
4. 
   Virtual reality is created by being in a special room.
   
5. 
   Virtual reality is available only on expensive computer systems.
   
6. 
   Virtual reality is the leading edge of the computer technology.
   
7. 
   Eyephones are the 3DFX fiber-optic glasses.
   
8. 
   Eyephones are not the only virtual reality gear.
   
9. 
   Virtual reality might be misused.
   
10. 
    Virtual reality can return the disabled to the full-fledged life.
    
11. 
    Virtual reality was designed by the military to guide robots.
    
12. 
    One can not only see or hear virtual reality, but also feel and smell it.
    
13. 
    Virtual reality is only a type of computer interface.
    

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Text 2
Graphics technology has changed vastly in the nearly three decades since research educators first started passing their knowledge on to students. Introductory computer graphics courses are changing their focus and learning environments. Improvements in hardware and software technology coupled with changes in preparation, interest and abilities of incoming students are driving the need for curriculum change. Past courses focused on low and intermediate level rendering principles, algorithms and software development tools. Many of these algorithms have migrated into hardware. (Though important knowledge for advanced graphics programmers, most graphics applications programmers have no need to study at this level, much as application programmers have no need to study hardware systems of assembly level programming).

Courses need to focus on intermediate and 3D graphics application programmer interface (API) into the instruction.

1. What were the focuses of the past computer graphics courses?

1. 
   Integration of 3D graphics and API
   
2. 
   Applications programmer interface
   
3. 
   High-level principles, algorithms and tools. Low and intermediate level rendering principles, algorithms and tools
   
4. 
   Not stated
   

2. Which one of the following reasons is not the driving force behind the necessary for the computer graphics curriculum’s change?

1. 
   Changes in abilities of incoming students
   
2. 
   Changes in preparation and interest of incoming student
   
3. 
   Dramatic changes in the principles of the computer graphics
   
4. 
   Improvement in computer graphics related hardware and software technologies
   

3. According to the author, which group of programmers needs to study low level and software development tools?

1. 
   Introductory level programmers
   
2. 
   Advanced graphics programmers
   
3. 
   Undergraduate university students
   
4. 
   Graphics application programmers
   
5. 
   Not states
   

4. How long ago researcher-educators started teaching computer graphics to students? About (….........) .

1. 
   two and a half decades ago
   
2. 
   thirty years ago
   
3. 
   twenty years ago
   
4. 
   not stated
   
5. 
   three centuries ago
   

5. According to this article, what is necessary in the modern graphics curricula?

1. 
   Rendering principles
   
2. 
   Application programmer interface
   
3. 
   Integration of 3D graphics and API
   
4. 
   Hardware systems and assembly level programming
   
5. 
   Not stated
   

6. Where the author of this article received his or her teaching experience?

1. 
   Teaching undergraduate university students
   
2. 
   Professional programmers at an undergraduate university
   
3. 
   Taking multi-day industrial courses as an experienced professional programmer
   
4. 
   Teaching both undergraduate university student and industrial programmer
   
5. 
   Not stated
   

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