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Installing Peripheral Devices

A peripheral is a device connected to a host computer, but not part of it. It expands the host's capabilities, but does not form part of the computer architecture. It is often, but not always, partially or completely dependent on the host.

Peripheral devices are attached to the computer and are external to the case. Sometimes they are called I/O devices indicating Input/Output devices. These devices input data into the computer and output data from the computer. Some of these I/O devices are very common, and some are used rarely. The common ones are; the keyboard, the monitor, the printer, and the mouse. Other peripherals are; the microphone, speakers, the webcam, the flatbed scanner, USB flash drives, external hard drives, and specialized devices.

You already know, the word peripheral is used to refer to a device external to the computer case, like a scanner, but the devices located inside the computer case are also technically peripherals.

Devices that exist outside the computer case are called external peripherals, or auxiliary components such as a computer mouse, keyboard, hard drive, etc. that connects to and works with the computer in some way. Devices that are inside the case such as internal hard drives or CD-ROM drives are also peripherals in technical terms and are called internal peripherals, but may not be recognized as peripherals. Other examples of peripherals are expansion cards, graphics cards, computer printers, image scanners, microphones, speakers, webcams, and digital cameras. RAM - random access memory - is technically a storage peripheral, but is required for every major function of a modern computer and removing the RAM will effectively disable any modern machine. Many new devices such as smartphones and tablet computers have interfaces which allow them to be used as a peripheral by a full computer, though they are not host-dependent as other peripheral devices are. According to the most technical definition, the only pieces of a computer NOT considered to be peripherals are the central processing unit (CPU), power supply, motherboard, and computer case.

Thus, three are three types of peripherals: Input, Output, and Storage. An input peripheral provides input to the computer, from the user - such as a mouse or keyboard. An output peripheral provides output to the user, from the computer - such as a computer monitor or printer. A storage peripheral that stores data - such as a hard drive or flash drive.
Exercise 1. Answer the following questions:

1. 
   1. What is a peripheral device?
   
2. 
   2. What peripherals do you have?
   
3. 
   3. What peripherals do you need to buy and what for?
   
4. 
   4. What types of computer peripherals are there? Give some examples.
   
5. 
   
   

Exercise 2. Read the descriptions of three input devices. What are they?

The device is used to enter information into the computer. As well as having a normal typewriter keys for characters and a numeric keypad, it may also have function keys and editing keys for special purposes.

This is a device for controlling a cursor and selecting items on the screen. The ball underneath is rolled in any direction. Across the surface of a table to move the cursor on the screen. By clicking a button, the user can activate icons or select items in the text.

In shape this input device is similar to an ordinary pen. It works by detecting light from the computer screen and is used by pointing directly at the screen display. It allows the user to answer multiple-choice questions and to draw diagrams and graphics.

Exercise 3. Match the descriptions with the names of keys in the box below.

Arrow Keys Return Caps lock Shift Escape Tab Space bar Backspace Alt

1. A long key at the bottom of the keyboard, each time it is pressed, it produces a blank space.

2. It moves the cursor to the beginning of a new line. It is also used to confirm commands.

3. It stops a program without losing the information from the main memory. Sometimes its use depends on the applications.

4. It works in combination with other keys to produce special characters or specific actions.

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5. It removes the character on the left of the cursor or any selected text.

6. It produces UPPER-CASE characters (or the upper-case character of the key).

7. It produces upper-case letters, but it does not affect numbers and symbols.

8. It moves the cursor horizontally to the right for a fixed number of spaces (in tabulations and data fields).

9. They are used to move the cursor, as an alternative to the mouse.

Exercise 4. Answer the questions before reading the text “Point and click!”

• 
  How is the mouse connected to the computer?
  
• 
  What does the mouse pointer look like on the screen?
  
• 
  What are the functions of the mouse buttons?
  
• 
  What are the advantages of a computer mouse over a keyboard?
  

Now read the text to check your answers or to find the right answers.

Point and click!

Typically, a mouse is a palm-sized device. On top of the mouse there are one or more buttons for communicating with the computer. A 'tail' or wire extends from the mouse to a connection on the back of the computer.

The mouse is designed to slide around on your desktop. As it moves, it moves an image on the screen called a pointer or mouse cursor. The pointer usually looks like an arrow or I-bar, and it mimics the movements of the mouse on your desktop.

What makes the mouse especially useful is that it is a very quick way to move around on a screen. Move the desktop mouse half an inch and the screen cursor will leap four inches. Making the same movements with the arrow keys takes much longer. The mouse also issues instructions to the computer very quickly. Point to an available option with the cursor, click on the mouse, and the option has been chosen.

Mice are so widely used in graphics applications because they can do things that are difficult, if not impossible, to do with keyboard keys. For example, the way you move an image with a mouse is to put the pointer on the object you want to move, press the mouse button and drag the image from one place on the screen to another.

When you have the image where you want it, you release the mouse button and the image stays there. Similarly, the mouse is used to grab one corner of the image (say a square) and stretch it into another shape (say a rectangle). Both of these actions are so much more difficult to perform with a keyboard that most graphics programs require a mouse.

The buttons on the mouse are used to select items at which the mouse points. You position the pointer on an object on the screen, for example, on a menu or a tool in a paint program, and then you press the mouse button to 'select' it. Mice are also used to load documents into a program: you put the pointer on the file name and double-click on the name - that is, you press a mouse button twice in rapid succession.

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Touch Screen Technologies

A touch screen is an electronic visual display that can detect the presence and location of a touch within the display area. The term generally refers to touching the display of the device with a finger or hand. Touchscreens can also sense other passive objects, such as a stylus. Touchscreens are widely used in such devices as ATM machines, car navigation systems, medical monitors, and became wildly popular on handhelds after Apple introduced the iPhone in 2007. They also play a great role in the design of the personal digital assistant (PDA), satellite navigation devices, mobile phones, and video games.

The popularity of smartphones, tablet computers and many types of information appliances is driving the demand for portable and functional electronics. With a display of a simple smooth surface, and direct interaction without any hardware (keyboard or mouse) between the user and content, fewer accessories are required.

The touchscreen has two main attributes. First, it enables one to interact directly with what is displayed, rather than indirectly with a mouse pointer. Secondly, it lets one do so without requiring any intermediate device that would need to be held in the hand (other than a stylus, which is optional for most modern touchscreens).
Exercise 1. Answer the following questions

1. 
   Define a touch screen.
   
2. 
   What advantages of touch screens can you name?
   
3. 
   How easy is it to use the touch screen among other computer interfaces?
   
4. 
   Which devices are usually equipped with touch screens?
   
5. 
   Think of your own examples of touch screens disadvantages .
   

Exercise 2. Explain touch screen technology in general
Exercise 3. Find synonyms in the text for the following words:
screen (v+n), gadget (X2), portative, picture, cursor, palmtop computer, pen device, end user
Exercise 4. Translate the following sentences into Russian in writing
A touch screen is a computer display screen that is also an input device.

The screens are sensitive to pressure; a user interacts with the computer by touching pictures or words on the screen.

Exercise 5. Fill in the blanks with the words below. Use not more than one word per each sentence:

computer, accept, introduced, touch, computer system, emerged, keyboard, monitors (n), display (n)

1. Touch-screen _____________have become more and more commonplace as their price has steadily dropped over the past decade.

2. There are three basic systems that are used to recognize a person's ______.

3. Touchscreens can suffer from the problem of fingerprints on the ___________.

4. A touch screen allows users to navigate a _______ ________ by touching icons or links on the screen.

5. The nineties __________smart phones and handhelds with touch screen technology.

6. Touch screens _____ in the second half of the 1960s.

7. If there is no hardware keyboard on the unit, a "virtual" ______can be displayed on screen whenever text must be typed in.

8. Touch screens are also able to _______ hand printing, handwriting, graphics and finger movements.

9. 
   A touch screen is a unique type of visual display device that allows the user to interact with the ______ or other electronic device by touching the screen.
   

Output devices

Exercise 1. Read the text and translate it in writing.

We interact with computers by entering instructions and data into them. After this information has been processed, we can see the results on the visual display unit or VDU. To obtain a permanent copy of these results, we can use printers. In the interactive process with the computer, the screen plays an important part. Drives such as a CD-ROM, DVD, and USB Flash drive are also considered storage devices.

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A computer can still work without an output device. However, without an output device, you'd have no way of determining what the computer is doing, if there are errors, or if it needs additional input. For example, you can disconnect your monitor from your computer, and it will still function, but it's not going to be very useful.

6. 
   
   
7. 
   Exercise 2. Read the text below. Fill in each blank with the correct word from the box.
   

mobile stylus keyboard microphone webcam mouse joystick fax  scanner wireless/wi-fi

When personal computers came out in the 1980s. there was really only one way to get information into them - with a (1) ___________. Then graphical interfaces came along, and it became important to be able to interact with objects on the screen. The commonest way of doing this is with a (2) __________, but some computers - for example tablet computers, have screens you can write on directly, using a (3) __________. People who use their computers mainly for games will tell you that the most important way of communicating with their computers is with a (4) _________.

It took almost a decade before computers became powerful enough to accept voice commands, but today we can communicate with out computer with a (5) ________. We can also talk to other computer users, and also see them through a (6) __________. The computer has started to replace the (7) _________ machine, but if you do receive a printed page, you can still put it into your computer with a (8) ___________.

Today, a (9) _________ network or bluetooth will let you communicate with your computer with almost any electronic device, such as a (10) __________ phone.
Exercise 3. Sort out the peripherals into three columns.
External hard-drive, display device, computer mouse, flash drive, keyboard, computer display, DVD-ROM drive, image scanner, graphical output device, CD-ROM drive, touchscreen, printer.

Storage	Input	Output

Exercise 4. Match the peripheral and its definition

keyboard	is an output device that displays the computer's user interface and open programs, allowing the user to interact with the computer, typically using the keyboard or mouse.
monitor	is an input device that allows you to enter data into the computer. It also allows you to edit, correct, or modify existing data.
printer	is an input device that allows you to enter speech as data. Thus allowing you to record this data, or transmit it to others over the internet.
computer mouse	is an input device that allows you to point to items on the monitor. It can be used with all sorts of data; text, video, pictures, graphics, etc. Sometimes it is called a pointing device.
computer microphone	is an output device that permits the creating of a hard copy of textual, photographic, or graphic data.
computer speaker	is an output devices that allow you to hear prerecorded sound, or sound coming over the internet.
webcam	is an input device that permits the input of photographic or video data into the computer. The purpose of which is for recording or transmitting over the internet.
flatbed scanner	is an input and an output device. It is used mainly as a storage device to transport data from one computer to another.
USB flash drive	is an input device allowing high quality photographic, textual, and graphic data to be entered into the computer.
external hard drive	is both an input device and an output device. It is used as an output device to copy and archive data. Also, it is used as an input device to retrieve and restore data.

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