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/ computer / must / modem / outside / and / be / external / into /
3. of / an / explosion / direct / to/the / later / Internet / occurs / connections /
4. businesses / and / small / homes / were / many / of / connected
5. from / you / send / or / massages / can / anyone / on / the Internet / recieve
Exercise 5. There are two words in each item. You must explain how is «а» like «b» and how does «а» differ from «b».
Exercise 6. Translate into English.
Exercise 7. Match the words in the left-hand column with their equivalents in the right-hand column:
The World Wide Web dates back to March 1989, when Tim Bermers-Lee of the European Particle Physics Laboratory proposed the project outlined a simple system of using networked hypertext to transmit documents and communicate in the physics community.
Hypertext is basically the same as regular text - it can be stored, read, searched or edited - with an important exception: hypertext contains connections with the text to other documents.
Search Engines help you to locate documents containing specific titles, words or phrases.
Nobody owns the World Wide Web. People are responsible for the documents they author and make available publicly on the Web. Via the Internet hundreds of thousands of people around the world are making information available from their homes, schools, Universities, and workplaces.
Hypermedia combines hypertext and multimedia. Hypermedia can be defined as an extension to hypertext that supports linking graphics, sound, and video elements in addition to text elements.
To find the necessary information over the Internet you must use a browser. The browser is a program which can send requests for documents to any Web server. A Web server is a program that sends the document requested back to the requesting client.
Here is an example of how the process works:
1. Running a browser, the user selects a hyperlink in a piece of hypertext connecting to another document; e.g. it is «The History of Computers».
2. The browser uses the address associated with that hyperlink to connect to the Web server at a specified network address and asks for the document associated with «The History of Computers».
3. The server responds by sending the text and any other media within that text (pictures, sounds, or movies) to the browser, which it renders on the users screen.
The World-Wide Web is composed of thousands of these virtual transactions taking place per hour throughout the world, creating a web of information flow.
HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) is the language that Web browsers and servers use to communicate with each other. HTTP defines how messages are formatted and transmitted, and what actions Web servers and browsers should take in response to various commands.
The other main standard that controls how the World-Wide Web works is HTML (HyperText Mark-up Language), which covers how Web pages are formatted and displayed. Every browser has the built-in ability to understand HTML.
The World-Wide Web uses what are called Uniform Resources Locators (URLs) to represent hypermedia links and links to network services within HTML documents. It's possible to represent nearly any file or service on the Internet with a URL.
The first part of the URL (before the two slashes) specifies the method of access. The second part is the address of the computer where the data or service is located. Further parts specify the names of files, the port to connect to, or the text to search for in a database.
A URL is always a single unbroken line with no space.
http://www.house.gov/agriculture/schedule.htm This URL is typical of addresses hosted in domains in the United States. Structure of this URL:
1. Protocol: http
2. Host computer name: www
3. Second-level domain name: house
4. Top-level domain name: gov
5. Directory name: agrictulture
6. File name: schedule.htm
Exercise 1. Check up your understanding.
Exercise 2. What's missing? If you are in doubt refer to the text Take it into account that in each itetn the first letter of the missed word is used.
1. H.... combines hypertext and multimedia.
2. S..... E....... help you to locate documents containing specific titles, words or phrases.
3. A U.... is always a single unbroken line with no space.
4. Running a b......., the user selects a h........... in a piece of hypertext connecting to another document.
5. Via the I........ hundreds of thousands of people around the world are making information available from their homes, schools, Universities, and workplaces.
6. The s....... responds by sending the text and any other media within that text to the browser.
Exercise 3. Translate into English.
3. of / an / explosion / direct / to/the / later / Internet / occurs / connections /
4. businesses / and / small / homes / were / many / of / connected
5. from / you / send / or / massages / can / anyone / on / the Internet / recieve
Exercise 5. There are two words in each item. You must explain how is «а» like «b» and how does «а» differ from «b».
-
(a) LAN, (b) WAN -
(a) internal modem, (b) external modem -
(a) server, (b) desktop system -
(a) computer name, (b) domain name -
(a) domain name, (b) sub-domain name
Exercise 6. Translate into English.
-
Сначала основной целью интернета являлись исследования. -
Корни интернета уходят к 1969 г. -
Модем является сокращением слов модулятор и демодулятор. -
Через интернет можно получать или посылать письма или просто общаться. -
Интернет позволяет быстро находить любую интересующую вас информацию. -
Для нахождения необходимой информации в интернете следует пользоваться специальной программой, которая называется «браузер». -
Сервером называется компьютер, обслуживающий всю сеть.
Exercise 7. Match the words in the left-hand column with their equivalents in the right-hand column:
| 1. access | 1. tell, make known |
| 2. communicate | 2. far away in time or place |
| 3. convert | 3. change (from one thing into another) |
| 4. estimate | 4. ask |
| 5. goal | 5. close and careful scientific study |
| 6. handle | 6. the base of anything; a source; the underground part of a tree |
| 7. indispensable | 7. a man-made object fired into space to orbit a planet |
| 8. local | 8. look over in order to find smth |
| 9. remote | 9. divide out among a number of people |
| 10. mixture | 10. happening or done at the same time |
| 11. request | 11. right of entry |
| 12. share | 12. judge roughly the size, value etc of smth |
| 13. research | 13. anything aimed at |
| 14. root | 14. manage, cope with of a plant |
| 15. satellite | 15. necessary |
| 16. search | 16. of or confined to a certain place |
| 17. simultaneous | 17. smth made by combining different things |
The World Wide Web (WWW)
The World Wide Web dates back to March 1989, when Tim Bermers-Lee of the European Particle Physics Laboratory proposed the project outlined a simple system of using networked hypertext to transmit documents and communicate in the physics community.
Hypertext is basically the same as regular text - it can be stored, read, searched or edited - with an important exception: hypertext contains connections with the text to other documents.
Search Engines help you to locate documents containing specific titles, words or phrases.
Nobody owns the World Wide Web. People are responsible for the documents they author and make available publicly on the Web. Via the Internet hundreds of thousands of people around the world are making information available from their homes, schools, Universities, and workplaces.
Hypermedia combines hypertext and multimedia. Hypermedia can be defined as an extension to hypertext that supports linking graphics, sound, and video elements in addition to text elements.
To find the necessary information over the Internet you must use a browser. The browser is a program which can send requests for documents to any Web server. A Web server is a program that sends the document requested back to the requesting client.
Here is an example of how the process works:
1. Running a browser, the user selects a hyperlink in a piece of hypertext connecting to another document; e.g. it is «The History of Computers».
2. The browser uses the address associated with that hyperlink to connect to the Web server at a specified network address and asks for the document associated with «The History of Computers».
3. The server responds by sending the text and any other media within that text (pictures, sounds, or movies) to the browser, which it renders on the users screen.
The World-Wide Web is composed of thousands of these virtual transactions taking place per hour throughout the world, creating a web of information flow.
HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) is the language that Web browsers and servers use to communicate with each other. HTTP defines how messages are formatted and transmitted, and what actions Web servers and browsers should take in response to various commands.
The other main standard that controls how the World-Wide Web works is HTML (HyperText Mark-up Language), which covers how Web pages are formatted and displayed. Every browser has the built-in ability to understand HTML.
The World-Wide Web uses what are called Uniform Resources Locators (URLs) to represent hypermedia links and links to network services within HTML documents. It's possible to represent nearly any file or service on the Internet with a URL.
The first part of the URL (before the two slashes) specifies the method of access. The second part is the address of the computer where the data or service is located. Further parts specify the names of files, the port to connect to, or the text to search for in a database.
A URL is always a single unbroken line with no space.
http://www.house.gov/agriculture/schedule.htm This URL is typical of addresses hosted in domains in the United States. Structure of this URL:
1. Protocol: http
2. Host computer name: www
3. Second-level domain name: house
4. Top-level domain name: gov
5. Directory name: agrictulture
6. File name: schedule.htm
Exercise 1. Check up your understanding.
-
What is WWW? -
Why was the hypertext developed? -
What is the difference between hypertext and hypermedia? -
Browser ... Is it necessary? Why? -
What is URL? -
What kind of searcher engine do you like to use?
Exercise 2. What's missing? If you are in doubt refer to the text Take it into account that in each itetn the first letter of the missed word is used.
1. H.... combines hypertext and multimedia.
2. S..... E....... help you to locate documents containing specific titles, words or phrases.
3. A U.... is always a single unbroken line with no space.
4. Running a b......., the user selects a h........... in a piece of hypertext connecting to another document.
5. Via the I........ hundreds of thousands of people around the world are making information available from their homes, schools, Universities, and workplaces.
6. The s....... responds by sending the text and any other media within that text to the browser.
Exercise 3. Translate into English.
-
Для нахождения необходимой информации в интернете следует пользоваться специальной программой, которая называется «браузер». -
Сервером называется компьютер, обслуживающий всю сеть. -
Web-сервером называется программа, которая по получении запроса отсылает клиенту затребованный документ. -
Для соединения с клиентом необходимо знание его адреса.