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136

Марихуана: мифы и факты

2. 

Brown L.

 Director of National Drug Control Policy, remarks at National Conference on Marijuana Use:

Prevention, Treatment, and Research, sponsored by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, Arlington, VA (July 1995).

3. 

Schwartz R.H.

 «Marijuana: A Crude Drug with a Spectrum of Unappreciated Toxicity», Pediatrics 73 (1984),

p. 457.

4. 

Bonnie R.J., Whitebread C.H. 

The Marihuana Conviction: A History of Marihuana Prohibition in the United

States, Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press (1974); 

Kaplan J.

 Marijuana: The New Prohibition, New York:

The World Publishing Company (1970).

5. 

Anslinger H.J., Cooper C.

 «Assassin of Youth», American Magazine 124 (July 1937).

6. National Commission on Marihuana and Drug Abuse, Marihuana: A Signal of Misunderstanding, Washington,

DC: U.S. Government Printing Office (1972), p. 77.

7. Drug Use Forecasting: 1993 Annual Report on Juvenile Arrestees / Detainees, Washington, DC: U.S.

Department of Justice (1994); 

Harrison L., Gfroerer J.

 «The Intersection of Drug Use and Criminal Behavior», Crime

and Delinquency 38: 422—43 (1992); 

Leukefeld C.G., Clayton R. 

«Drug Abuse and Delinquency: A Study of

Youths in Treatment», pp. 213—28 in Bescher G. Friedman A. (eds) Youth Drug Abuse: Problems, Issues and
Treatment, Lexington, MA: DC Heath (1979); 

O'Donnell J.A. et al.

 Young Men and Drugs: A Nationwide Survey,

Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse (1976); 

Dembo R. et al. 

«Examination of the Relationships Among

Drug Use, Emotional / Psychological Problems, and Crime Among Youths Entering a Juvenile Detention Center»,
International Journal of Addictions 25: 301—40 (1990); 

Anthony J.C.

 «Young Adult Marijuana Use in Relation to

Antecedent Misbehavior», pp. 238—44 in Harris L.S. (ed) Problems of Drug Dependence, 1984, Rockville, MD:
National Institute on Drug Abuse (1985); 

Jessor R., Jessor S.L.

 Problem Behavior and Psychosocial Development:

A Longitudinal Study of Youth, New York: Academic Press (1977); 

Farrell A.D. et al.

 «Relationship Between Drug

Use and Other Problem Behaviors in Urban Adolescents», Joumal of Consulting and Clinical Psycology 60: 705—12
(1992).

8. 

Fagan J. et al.

 «Delinquency and Substance Use Among Inner%City Students», Journal of Drug Issues 20:

351—402 (1990); 

Ausubel D.B.

 Drug Addiction: Physiological, Psychological and Sociological Aspects, New York:

Random House (1958); 

Johnson

 (1973), см. № 7.

9. 

Simonds J.E., Kashani J. 

«Specific Drug Use and Violence in Delinquent Boys», American Journal of Drug

and Alcohol Abuse 7: 305—22 (1980); J

ohnston L.D. et al.

 «Drugs and Delinquency: A Search for Causal

Connections», pp. 137—56 in Kandel D.B. (ed) Longitudinal Research on Drug Use: Empirical Findings and
Methodological Issues, New York: John Wiley & Sons (1978); 

Goode E. 

«Marijuana and Crime», pp. 447—53 in

National Commission on Marihuana and Drug Abuse, Marihuana: A Signal of Misunderstanding, Appendix I,
Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office (1972).

10. 

Clayton R.R.

 «The Delinquency and Drug Use Relationship Among Adolescents», pp. 82—103 in Lettieri

D.J. Ludford J.P. (eds) Drug Abuse and the American Adolescent, Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse
(1981); 

Jessor R.

 «Marihuana: A Review of Recent Psychosocial Research», pp. 337—56 in DuPont R.L. et al .(eds)

Handbook on Drug Abuse, Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse (1979).

11. 

Tinklenberg J.R. et al.

 «Drugs and Criminal Assaults by Adolescents: A Replication Study», Journal of

Psychoactive Drugs 13: 277—87 (1981); Goode (1972), см. № 9.

12. 

Hendin H. et al.

 Adolescent Marijuana Users and Their Families, Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug

Abuse (1981).

13. 

Watts W.D., Wright L.S.

 «The Drug Use % Violent Delinquency Link Among Adolescent Mexican%

Americans», pp. 112—35 in DeLaRosa M. et. al. (eds) Drugs and Violence: Causes, Correlates, and Consequences,
Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse (1990); 

Abram K.M., Teplin L.A.

 «Drug Disorder, Mental Illness,

and Violence», pp. 222—38 in Drugs and Violence: Causes, Correlates, and Consequences, Rockville, MD: National
Institute on Drug Abuse (1990); 

Simonds J.F., Kashani J.

 «Specific Drug Use and Violence in Delinquent Boys»,

American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 1: 305—22 (1980); 

Johnston L.D. et al.

 (1978), см. № 9.

14. 

Spunt B. et al. 

«The Role of Marijuana in Homicide» International Journal of the Addictions 29: 195—213 (1994).

15. 

Cherek D.R. et al.

 «Acute Effects of Marijuana Smoking on Aggressive, Escape and Point%Maintained

Responding of Male Drug Users», Psychopharmacology 111: 163—68 (1993).

16. 

Cherek D.R., Dougherty D.M.

 «Provocation Frequency and its Role in Determining the Effects of Smoked

Marijuana on Human Aggressive Responding», Behavioural Pharmacology 6: 405—12 (1995); 

Cherek D.R.,

Steinberg J.L.

 «Effects of Drugs on Human Aggressive Behavior», pp. 239—90 in Burrows G.D., Werry J.S. (eds)

Advances in Human Pgchopharmacology, Vol. IV, Greenwich, CT (1987); 

Hollister L.E. et al.

 «Comparison of

Tetrahydrocannabinol and Synhexyl in Man», Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics  9: 783—88 (1968); 

Jones R.T.,

Benowitz N.

 «The 30%Day Trip: Clinical Studies of Cannabis Tolerance and Dependence», pp. 627—42 in Braude M.C.,


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137

Литература

Szara S. (eds) Pharmacology of Marihuana, New York: Raven Press (1976); 

Mendelson J.H., Meyer R.E. 

«Behavioral

and Biological Concomitants of Chronic Marihuana Smoking by Heavy and Chronic Users», pp. 68—246 in Marihuana:
Signal of Misunderstanding, Appendix I, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office (1972).

17. 

Myerscough R., Taylor S.P.

 «The Effects of Marijuana on Human Physical Aggression», Journal of Personality

and Social Psychology 49: 1541—46 (1985).

18.

 Ginsberg H.J. et al.

 «Delta%9%Tetrahydrocannabinol Affects Consummatory But Not Appetite Sequence of

Interspecific Aggression in the Mongolian Gerbil», Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 10: 361—63 (1977); 

Sieber

B. et al.

 «Behavioural Effects of Hashish Extract in Mice in Comparison with Other Psychoactive Drugs», General

Pharmacology 13:315—20 (1982); 

Ferraro D.P. 

«Preclinical Effects: Unlearned Behavior», pp. 86—102 in Petersen

R.C. (ed) Marihuana Research Findings 1976, Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse (1977).

19. 

Carlini E.A. et al.

 «Factors Influencing the Aggressive Behavior Induced by Marihuana in Starved Rats»,

British Journal of Pharmacology 44: 794—804 (1972); 

Miczek K.A. et al. 

«Does THC Induce Aggression? Suppression

Reactions by Chronic and Acute Delta%9%Tetrahydrocannabinol Treatment in Laboratory Rats», pp. 499—514 in
Braude M.C., Szara S. (eds) The Pharmacology of Marihuana, New York: Raven Press (1976).

12.

 МАРИХУАНА, ПОЛОВЫЕ ГОРМОНЫ

И РЕПРОДУКТИВНАЯ ФУНКЦИЯ

1. Parents Resource Institute for Drug Education, Marijuana and Cocaine, Atlanta, GA: PRIDE (1990).

2. Center for Substance Abuse Prevention, Female Adolescents and Marijuana Use; Fact Sheet for Adults,

Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (1995).

3. Center for Substance Abuse Prevention, Marijuana: Tips for Teens, Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of

Health and Human Services (1995).

4. 

Swan N.

 «A Look at Marijuana's Harmful Effects», NIDA Notes 9, 2 (1994), p. 16.

5. President Bill Clinton, speech at Framingham High School, Framingham, Massachusetts (20 October 1994).

6. 

Harmon J., Aliapoulios M.A.

 «Gynecomastia in Marijuana Users», New England Journal of Medicine 287:

936 (1972).

7. 

Cates W., Pope J.N.

 «Gynecomastia and Cannabis Smoking: A Nonassociation Among U.S. Soldiers»,

American Journal of Surgery 134: 613—15 (1977).

8. 

Kolodny R.C. et al.

 «Plasma Testosterone and Semen Analysis in Male Homosexuals», New England Journal

of Medicine 285: 1170—74 (1971).

9. 

Kolodny R.C. et al.

 «Depression of Plasma Testosterone Levels After Chronic Intensive Marijuana Use», New

England Journal of Medicine 290: 872—74 (1974).

10. 

Kolodny R.C. et al.

 «Depression of Plasma Testosterone with Acute Marihuana Administration», pp. 217—

25 in Braude M.C., Szara S. (eds) Pharmacology of Marihuana, New York: Raven Press (1976).

11. 

Mendelson J.H. et al.

 «Plasma Testosterone Levels Before, During, and After Chronic Marijuana Smoking»,

New England Journal of Medicine 291: 1051—55 (1974); 

Schaefer C.F. et al.

 «Normal Plasma Testosterone

Concentrations After Marijuana Smoking», New England Journal of Medicine 292: 867—68 (1975); 

Mendelson J.H.

et al. 

«Effects of Chronic Marijuana Use on Integrated Plasma Testosterone and Luteinizing Hormone Levels», Journal

of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 207: 611—17 (1978); 

Hembree W.C. et al.

 «Marihuana's Effects

on Human Gonadal Function», pp. 521—32 in Nahas G.G. (ed) Marihuana: Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Cellular
Effects, New York: Springer%Verlag (1976); 

Cone E.J. et al. 

«Acute Effects of Marijuana on Hormones, Subjective

Effects and Performance in Male Human Subjects», Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 24: 1749—54 (1986).

12. 

Cushman P.

 «Plasma Testosterone Levels in Healthy Male Marijuana Smokers», American Journal of Drug

and Alcohol Abuse 2: 269—75 (1975); 

Block R.I. et al. 

«Effects of Chronic Marijuana Use on Testosterone, Luteinizing

Hormone, Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Prolactin and Cortisol in Men and Women», Drug and Alcohol Dependence
28: 121—28 (1991); 

Coggins W.J. et al. 

«Health Status of Chronic Heavy Cannabis Users», Annals of the New York

Academy of Sciences 282: 148—61 (1976).

13. 

Kolodny R.C. et al.

 (1974), см. № 9.

14.

 Chausom A.M., Safer B.

 «Marijuana and Sex», New England Journal of Medicine 291: 308 (1974).

15. 

Hembree W.C. et al. 

«Changes in Human Spermatozoa Associated with High Dose Marihuana Smoking»,

pp. 429—39 in Nahas G.G., Paton W.D.M. (eds) Marihuana: Biological Effects, Oxford: Pergamon Press (1979).

16. 

Bauman J.

 «Marijuana and the Female Reproductive System», pp. 85—88 in Health Consequences of

Marijuana Use, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office (1980).


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138

Марихуана: мифы и факты

17.

 Mendelson J.H. et al.

 «Acute Effects of Marijuana Smoking on Prolactin Levels in Human Females», Journal

of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 232: 220—22 (1985).

18. 

Block R.I. et al.

 (1991), см. № 12.

19. 

Harclerode J. 

«Endocrine Effects of Marijuana in the Male: Preclinical Studies», pp. 46—64 in Braude M.C.,

Ludford J.L. (eds) Marijuana Effects on the Endocrine and Reproductive Systems, Rockville, MD: National Institute
on Drug Abuse (1984); 

Bloch E.

 «Effects of Marijuana and Cannabinoids on Reproduction, Endocrine Function,

Development and Chromosomes», pp. 355—432 in Fehr K.O., Kalant H. (eds) Cannabis and Health Hazards, Toronto:
Addiction Research Foundation (1983); 

Mendelson J.H., Mello N.K.

 «Effects of Marijuana on Neuroendocrine

Hormones in Human Males and Females», pp. 97—114 in Braude M.C. Ludford J.P. (eds) Marijuana Effects on the
Endocrine and Reproductive Systems, Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse (1984); 

Smith C.G., Asch

R.H.

 «Acute, Short%Term, and Chronic Effects of Marijuana on the Female Primate Reproductive Function», pp. 82—

96 in Braude M.C., Ludford J.P. (eds) Marijuana Effects on the Endocrine and Reproductive Systems, Rockville, MD:
Department of Health and Human Services (1984); 

Wenger T. et al. 

«Effects of Delta%9%Tetrahydrocannabinol on

Pregnancy, Puberty, and the Neuroendocrine System», pp. 539—60 in Murphy L. Bartke A. (eds) Marijuana /
Cannabinoids: Neurobiology and Neurophysiology, Boca Raton: CRC Press (1992).

20. 

Smith C.G. et al. 

«Tolerance Develops to the Disruptive Effects of Delta%9%Tetrahydrocannabinol on the

Primate Menstrual Cycle», Science 219: 1453—55 (1983).

21.

 Yang Z.M. et al.

 «Activation of Brain%Type Cannabinoid Receptors Interferes with Preimplantation Mouse

Embryo Development», Biology of Reproduction 55: 756—61 (1996).

22. 

Leshner A.

 quoted in U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Press Release, «Early Pregnancy

Halted by Chemicals in Marijuana», Rockville, MD (11 October 1996).

23. 

Mueller B.A. et al.

 «Recreational Drug Use and the Risk of Primary Infertility», Epidemiology 1: 195—200

(1990).

24. 

Wilcox A.J. et al.

 «Risk Factors for Early Pregnancy Loss», Epidemiology 1: 382—85 (1990).

25. 

Abel E.L.

 «Marijuana and Sex: A Critical Survey», Drug and Alcohol Dependence 8; 1— 22 (1981);

Ehrenkranz J.R.L., Hembree W.C.

 «Effects of Marijuana on Male Reproductive Function», Psychiatric Annals 16:

243—49 (1986).

26. 

Copeland K.C. et al.

 «Marijuana Smoking and Pubertal Arrest», Journal of Pediatrics 96: 1079—80 (1980).

27. 

Wenger T. et al. 

(1992), см. № 19; 

Smith C.G. Asch R.H.

 (1984), см. № 19; 

Harclerode J.

 (1984), см.

№ 19.

28. 

Bauman J.

 (1980), см. № 16.

29. 

Block E. et al.

 (1991), см. № 12.

30. 

Block E. et al.

 (1991), см. № 12; 

Kolodny R.C. et al.

 (1974), см. № 9; 

Abel B.A. 

(1981), см. № 23.

31. 

Kolodny R.C. et al.

 (1976), см. № 10; 

Cone E.J. et al. 

(1986), см. № 11.

13.

 УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕ МАРИХУАНЫ ВО ВРЕМЯ БЕРЕМЕННОСТИ

1. 

Mann P. 

The Sad Story of Mary Wanna, NY: Woodmere Press (1988), p. 30.

2. 

Fried P.

 quoted in «Marijuana: Its Use and Effects», Prevention Pipeline 8, 5 (1995), p. 4.

3. American Council for Drug Education, Drugs and Pregnancy, Rockville, MD (1994).

4. Swan N. «A Look at Marijuana's Harmful Effects», NIDA Notes 9, 2: 14—15 (1994).

5. Parents Resource Institute for Drug Education, «Marijuana%Effects on the Female», Atlanta, GA: PRIDE

(1996).

6. 

Hecht F. et al.

 «Lysergic%Acid%Diethylamide and Cannabis as Possible Teratogens in Man», Lancet 2:1087

(1968); 

Carakushansky G. et al.

 «Lysergide and Cannabis as Possible Teratogens in Man», Lancet 1:150—51

(1969).

7. 

Maugh T.H.

 «Marihuana: The Grass May No Longer Be Greener», Science 185: 683—85 (1974).

8. 

Matsuyama S., Jarvik L.

 «Effects of Marihuana on the Genetic and Immune Systems», pp. 179—93 in

Petersen R.C. (ed) Marihuana Research Findings, 1976, Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse (1977);

Morishima K.

 «Effects of Cannabis and Natural Cannabinoids on Chromosomes and Ova», pp. 25—45 in Braude M.C.,

Ludford J.L. (eds) Marijuana Effects on the Endocrine and Reproductive Systems, Rockville, MD: National Institute
on Drug Abuse (1984).


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139

Литература

9. Parents Resource Institute for Drug Education, Marijuana: Effects on  the Male, Atlanta, GA: PRIDE (1996);

Spence W.R. 

Marijuana: Its Effects and Hazards, Waco, TX: Health Edco (undated); 

Mann Р.

 (1988), см. № 1.

10. 

Herclerode J.

 «The Effect of Marijuana on Reproduction and Development», pp. 137—66 in Petersen R.C.

(ed) Marijuana Research Findings: 1980, Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse (1980); 

Abel E.L. 

«Effects

of Prenatal Exposure to Cannabinoids», pp. 20—35 in Pinkert T.M. (ed) Current Research on the Consequences of
Maternal Drug Abuse, Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse (1985); 

Hutchings D., DowEdwards D.

«Animal Models of Opiate, Cocaine, and Cannabis Use», Clinics in Perinatology 18: 1—22 (1991); 

Behnke M., Eyler

F.D.

 «The Consequences of Prenatal Substance Use for the Developing Fetus, Newborn, and Young Child»,

International Journal of the Addictions 28: 1341—91 (1993); 

Wenger T. et al.

 «Effects of Delta%9%

Tetrahydrocannabinol on Pregnancy, Puberty, and the Neuroendocrine System», pp. 539—60 in Murphy L. Bartke
A. (eds) Marijuana / Cannabinoids: Neurobiology and Neurophysiology, Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press (1992).

11.

 Rudolph A.M.

 «Animal Models for Study of Fetal Drug Exposure», pp. 5—16 in Chiang C.N., Lee C.C. (eds)

Prenatal Drug Exposure: Kinetics and Dynamics, Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse (1985).

12. 

Fried P.A. 

«Postnatal Consequences of Maternal Marijuana Use», pp. 61—72 in Pinkert T.M. (ed) Current

Research on the Consequences of Maternal Drug Abuse, Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse (1985);

Golub M.S. et al.

 «Peer and Maternal Social Interaction Patterns in Offspring of Rhesus Monkeys Treated Chronically

with Delta%9%Tetrahydrocannabinol», pp. 657—67 in Agurell S. The Cannabinoids: Chemical, Pharmacological, and
Therapeutic Aspects, Orlando: Academic Press (1984); 

Herclerode I.

 (1980), см. № 10.

13. 

Grilly D.M. et al.

 «Observations on the Reproductive Activity of Chimpanzees Following Long%Term

Exposure to Marijuana», Pharmacology 11: 304—07 (1974).

14. 

Linn S. et al.

 «The Association of Marijuana Use with Outcome of Pregnancy», American Journal of Public

Health 73:1161—64 (1983).

15. 

Shiono P.H. et al.

 «The Impact of Cocaine and Marijuana Use on Low Birth Weight and Preterm Birth: A

Multicenter Study», American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 172: 19—27 (1995); 

Knight E.M. et al.

«Relationships of Serum Illicit Drug Concentrations During Pregnancy to Maternal Nutritional Status», Journal of
Nutrition 124: 973—80S (1994); 

Tennes K. Blackard C. 

«Maternal Alcohol Consumption, Birthweight, and Minor

Physical Abnormalities», American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 138: 774—80 (1980); 

Hayes J. et al.

«Newborn Outcomes with Maternal Marijuana Use in Jamaican Women», Pediatric Nursing 14:107—10 (1988);

Fried P.A., O'Connell C.M. 

«A Comparison of the Effects of Prenatal Exposure to Tobacco, Alcohol, Cannabis and

Caffeine on Birth Size and Subsequent Growth», Neurotoxicology and Teratology 9: 79—85 (1987); 

O'Connell C.M.,

Fried P.A.

 «An Investigation of Prenatal Cannabis Exposure and Minor Physical Anomalies in a Low Risk Population»,

Neurobehavioral Toxicology and Teratology 6: 345—50 (1984); 

Richardson G.A. et al. 

«The Effect of Prenatal

Alcohol, Marijuana and Tobacco Exposure on Neonatal Behavior», Infant Behavioral Development 12: 199—209
(1989); 

Astley S.

 «Analysis of Facial Shape in Children Gestationally Exposed to Marijuana, Alcohol, and / or Cocaine»,

Pediatrics 89: 67—77 (1992); 

Witter F.R., Niebyl J.R.

 «Marijuana Use in Pregnancy and Pregnancy Outcome»,

American Journal of Perinatology 7: 36—38 (1990).

16. 

Dreher M.C. et al. 

«Prenatal Exposure and Neonatal Outcomes in Jamaica: An Ethnographic Study»,

Pediatrics 93: 254—60 (1994); 

Tennes K. et al. 

«Marijuana: Prenatal and Postnatal Exposure in the Human», pp.

48—60 in Pinkert T.M. (ed) Current Research on the Consequences of Maternal Drug Abuse, Rockville, MD: National
Institute on Drug Abuse (1985).

17. 

Hatch E.E., Braken M.B.

 «Effect of Marijuana Use in Pregnancy on Fetal Growth», American Journal of

Epidemiology 124: 986—93 (1986); 

Kline J. et al.

 «Cigarettes, Alcohol and Marijuana: Varying Associations with

Birthweight», International Journal of Epidemiology 16: 44—51 (1987); 

Zuckerman B. et al.

 «Effects of Maternal

Marijuana and Cocaine Use on Fetal Growth», New England Journal of Medicine 320: 762—68 (1989); 

Fried P.A.

et al.

 «Marijuana Use During Pregnancy and Decreased Length of Gestation», American Journal of Obstetrics and

Gynecology 150:23—26 (1984); 

Hingson R. et al.

 «Effects of Maternal Drinking and Marijuana Use on Petal Growth

and Development», Pediatrics 70: 539—46 (1982); 

Fried P.A., Makin J.E.

 «Neonatal Behavioral Correlates of

Prenatal Exposure to Marijuana, Cigarettes and Alcohol in a Low Risk Population», Neurotoxicology and Teratology
9: 1—7 (1987); 

Cornelius M.D. et al.

 «Prenatal Tobacco and Marijuana Use Among Adolescents: Effects on Offspring

Gestational Age, Growth, and Morphology», Pediatrics 95: 738—43 (1995); 

Day N. et al.

 «Prenatal Marijuana Use

and Neonatal Outcome», Neurotoxicology and Teratology 13: 329—34 (1991).

18. 

Day N.L., Richardson G.A.

 «Prenatal Marijuana Use: Epidemiology Methodologic Issues, and Infant

Outcome», Clinics in Perinatology 18: 77—91 (1991); 

Richardson G.A. et al. 

«The Impact of Marijuana and Cocaine

Use on the Infant and Child», Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology 36: 302—18 (1993);

 Cornelius M.D. et al.

 (1995),


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140

Марихуана: мифы и факты

см. № 17; 

Coles C.D. et al.

 «Effects of Cocaine, Alcohol, and Other Drug Use in Pregnancy on Neonatal Growth and

Neurobehavioral Status», Neurotoxicology and Teratology 14: 22—33 (1992).

19. 

Day N.L. et al. 

(1991), см. № 17.

20. 

Hatch E.E., Bracken

 M.B. (1986), см. № 17.

21. 

Fried P.A. et al. 

(1984), см. № 17.

22.

 Tennes K. et al. 

(1985), см. № 16.

23. 

Day N.L. et al. 

«Effect of Prenatal Marijuana Exposure on the Cognitive Development of Offspring at Age

Three», Neurotoxicology and Teratology 16: 169—75 (1994).

24. 

Streissguth A.P. et al.

 «IQ at Age 4 in Relation to Maternal Alcohol Use and Smoking During Pregnancy»,

Developmental Psychology 25: 3—11 (1989).

25. 

Day N.L. et al.

 (1994), см. № 23.

26. Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse, Legalization: Panacea or Pandora's Box, New York (1995); Drug

Watch Oregon, Marijuana Research Review 2, 4 (1995).

27.

 Robison L.L. et al. 

«Maternal Drug Use and Risk of Non%Lymphoblastic Leukemia Among Offspring»,

Cancer 63: 1904—11 (1989).

28. 

Grufferman S. et al.

 «Parents' Use of Cocaine and Marijuana and Increased Risk of Rhabdomyosarcoma in

Their Children», Cancer Causes and Control 4: 217—24 (1993).

29. 

Day N.L. et al.

 «The Epidemiology of Alcohol, Marijuana and Cocaine Use Among Women of Childbearing

Age and Pregnant Women», Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology 36: 232—45 (1993).

30. 

Grufferman S. et al.

 «Environmental Factors in the Etiology of Rhabdomyosarcoma in Childhood», Journal

of the National Cancer Institute 68: 107—13 (1982).

31. National Toxicology Program, Toxicology and Carcinogenesis: Studies of 1%Trans%Delta%9%

Tetrahydrocannabinol in F344/N Rats and B6c3F1 Mice, Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services (1996).

32. 

Fried P.A., Watkinson B.

 «12% and 24%Month Neurobehavioral Follow%Up of Children Prenatally Exposed

to Marijuana, Cigarettes and Alcohol», Neurotoxicology and Teratology 10: 305—13 (1988).

33. 

Fried P.A., Watkinson B.

 «36% and 48%Month Neurobehavioral Follow%Up of Children Prenatally Exposed

to Marijuana, Cigarettes, and Alcohol», Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics 11: 49—58 (1990).

34.

 Fried P.A., Watkinson B.

 (1990), см. № 33.

35. 

Fried P.A. et al. 

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