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3.4 Health

To ensure healthy lives and promote well-being at all ages, it is recommended that:

•  BRICS should participate in the strengthening of cooperation and joint 

research forums in the WHO, in particular, as well as UNAIDS structures; 

•  BRICS must continue to cooperate on a ministerial level in the area 

of health and discuss standardising the target indicators across the 

BRICS countries;

•  member states should conduct research to determine how the national 

development banks should target financing to ensure healthy lives and the 

well-being of citizens of BRICS and the respective regions of member states;

•  the BRICS countries should consider fully implementing the TRIPS 

agreement with regards to compulsory licensing, parallel importation and 

local production of medicines and vaccines to treat HIV, TB and malaria;

•  the number of pharmaceutical patents issued should be limited, by 

setting stricter criteria for what is patentable; Brazil has been successful in 

limiting the number of patents and can share with other BRICS countries 

the steps it took to achieve this; 

•  more research is required to investigate the social and economic deter-

minants associated with higher risk of NCDs and mental disorders; 

therefore, the BRICS countries need to set a research agenda in this area 

and collaborate in conducting multi-country studies, which should be 

funded by the respective BRICS governments;

•  the BRICS Ministries of Health should finalise the monitoring and evaluation 

tool for universal health coverage, which includes both communicable 

and non-communicable diseases. It will also allow the health impact of 

public policies to be monitored at national, regional and cross-country 

levels (BRICS, 2014); 

•  BRICS countries could endeavour to introduce a new health and 

nutrition survey that will collect data on fruit and vegetable intake, salt 

intake, amounts of consumed saturated fats and trans-fats and intake of 

processed high-energy foods high in fats and sugars; 

•  to obtain accurate data for planning purposes, items on alcohol consump-

tion could be included in the health and nutrition survey undertaken 

every five years from 2016 (see above);

•  the members could establish a BRICS Health Fund to research and 

respond to the challenges of non-communicable and communicable 

diseases prevalent in the respective regions of the member states; and

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•  nodal agencies in member countries must also coordinate on outbreaks 

(for instance, Ebola) and contagions.

3.5 Migration, urbanisation and infrastructure

To make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable, 

and to ensure the availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation 

for all, it is recommended that:

•  BRICS should continue to pursue solutions within the UN system 

and cooperation at a ministerial level in the area of human settlement 

and urban development to discuss technological and skills cooperation 

and transfer, and to learn from best practices within and across BRICS 

countries; and

•  joint research should be conducted to determine how the national 

development banks should target financing to address infrastructural 

needs of BRICS and the respective regions of member states.

3.6 Climate change, ecological degradation and food insecurity

Addressing climate change to sustain food security and prevent hunger is essential. 

It is recommended that the BRICS countries:

•  adopt policies that counter climate change; tensions brought about 

by food insecurity create political instability and must be addressed at 

domestic, regional and international levels; 

•  conduct research to examine the risks of climate change and their respective 

models in each BRICS member state and respective regions;

•  cooperate and share ideas on new and innovative ways of developing in 

a sustainable manner. This can involve a ‘just transition’ to a low-carbon 

economy that responds to the varied and pressing needs in developing-

world contexts, where social and environmental justice is mutually ensured 

and fosters a transition to a less energy-intensive and extractive economy 

through renewable energy, ecologically friendly building, improving 

public transport, integrated urban and rural planning, sustainable 

infrastructure development and agro-ecological food production to meet 

people’s socio-economic needs; 

•  ensure the resilience of households and small-scale activities through a 

social-ecological economic development trajectory which strengthens 

local economies and increases their resilience to exogenous shocks; 

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•  remove the large-scale subsidisation of wealthy farmers as a key require-

ment for enabling more people-centred approaches that can support and 

encourage small-scale farmers in a global system that currently works 

against their survival;

•  build skills to migrate to a low-carbon economy. Here, unions can play 

a key role in motivating for skills development and transfer programmes 

that empower workers to embrace learning trajectories that improve their 

ability to participate in a low-carbon economy;

•  further cooperate and pool their expertise to develop and exchange energy 

efficiency technologies as well as alternative renewable energy sources; and 

•  conduct additional training programmes and surveys concerning energy 

intensity and efficiency.

CHAPTER 4

PEACE AND SECURITY

PILLAR

BRICS member states are committed to a democratic and just polycentric world order founded on the 
rule of law, equality, mutual respect, cooperation, coordinated action and collective decision-making. 
This vision could be achieved by supporting political and diplomatic efforts to peacefully resolve 
global disputes.

1 OVERALL SCENARIO

The world is witnessing growing turbulence due to political, economic, social and 
conceptual discordances. In the realm of peace and security the aim of BRICS 
is to create a stable, safe and fair world order through peaceful diplomacy and 
multilateralism. As discussed in Chapter 2, the reform of United Nations (UN) 
institutions, in particular the Security Council, is an important first step to ensure 
a fair reflection and representation of the changed conditions and challenges of 
the 21

st

 century and is essential to restore global confidence in the functioning 

of the UN system. Peace and stability can be achieved through cooperation 
and collaboration around existing national, regional and international peace and 
security initiatives, and by developing new strategies and mechanisms to ensure a 
secure future. The UN Charter states the need to “take effective collective measures 
for the prevention and removal of threats to peace, and for the suppression of 
aggression or other breaches of peace” (United Nations, 1945).

The aim of the UN is to maintain international peace and security through 

collective measures on behalf of the Security Council. The collective security 
system is incorporated in Chapter I and regulated in Chapters VI and VII of the 
UN Charter.

Reinforcing the UN role on peace and security, the BRICS Member States 

will continue their efforts to achieve lasting peace and security, working within 
the UN framework to draw attention to the human suffering arising from, and 
the destabilising effects of, national and regional conflicts. 

It is evident that forging fruitful partnerships and a stronger global governance 

template requires cooperation between developed and developing countries. 
BRICS has a central role to play in this regard. Nurturing conditions for cooperation 
is crucial to construct a different global order where power is more diffused and