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B R I C S
нальных структурах промышленного производства, через привлечение
экспертных навыков и опыта наиболее успешных партнеров, совмест
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ное использование ресурсов, обмен данными, развитие инвестицион
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ных проектов и технологического сотрудничества в рамках цепочек до
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бавленной стоимости.
11.
Создавать и развивать государственно-частное партнерство для мини
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мизации свойственных экономикам стран БРИКС высоких рисков и оп
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тимизации затрат на совместные инвестиционные проекты, исследова
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ния и разработки (R&D).
В сфере электронной торговли:
12.
Способствовать повышению качества электронной торговли, для чего ве
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сти последовательный диалог с целью гармонизации законодательства,
разработки типовых соглашений, принятия правил для обеспечения про
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зрачности, открытости и безопасности информации, внедрения техниче
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ских новшеств, криптографии и передовых лингвистических технологий.
13.
Развивать стандартизацию трансграничных процессов электронной
коммерции, обмен лучшими практиками и данными о компаниях и тен
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дерах между странами.
14.
Рассмотреть возможность создания совместной электронной торговой
площадки.
В сфере информационных технологий:
15.
Принимать меры для последовательного упрощения процедур торгов
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ли и ликвидации барьеров в сфере информационных технологий при
обеспечении информационной безопасности, особенно для поставок
оборудования и программного обеспечения в государственные органы
и стратегически важные отрасли.
16.
Развивать конкурентоспособное производство в сфере информаци
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онных технологий и выравнивать условия для конкуренции с мировы
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ми производителями через поддержку производства, стимулирование
потребления, установление льгот по налогам для разработчиков про
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граммного обеспечения.
17.
Проводить совместную антипиратскую деятельность как на уровне за
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конодательного регулирования, так и на уровне формирования право
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применительной практики для оперативного пресечения деятельности
пиратских ресурсов.
В сфере высоких технологий:
18.
Развивать механизмы государственной поддержки высокотехнологиче
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ских и наукоемких отраслей, которые создают большую долю добавлен
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ной стоимости в продукте и могут являться локомотивом для наращива
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ния производства в смежных отраслях.
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19.
Формировать инструменты сотрудничества в сфере высоких технологий
на международном уровне с целью создания технологических альянсов
и реализации совместных технологических проектов, объединяющих
ресурсы, компетенции и внутренние рынки для совместного развития,
применения и гарантированного обладания всем спектром технологий
гражданского, двойного и военного назначения.
В сфере защиты прав интеллектуальной собственности:
20.
Формировать совместную политику стимулирования инновационной
деятельности и конкурентоспособности на основе использования всего
комплекса инструментов получения стратегической информации, таких
как прогнозирование, сопоставление с контрольными показателями,
мониторинг, анализ и оценка.
21.
Проводить политику, ориентированную на распространение результа
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тов инновационной деятельности, в том числе через международные
связи, формирующиеся благодаря созданию инновационных парков.
22.
Разрабатывать совместные программы для повышения эффективности
передачи технологий университетами и другими исследовательскими
организациями деловому сектору в целях успешной коммерциализации
результатов университетских исследований.
23.
Создавать собственные упрощенные и прозрачные механизмы защиты
интеллектуальной собственности «блокового» действия (т.е. на террито
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рии нескольких стран) через формирование общих органов и структур.
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PEACE AND SECURITY
The world is witnessing growing turbulence due to political, economic, social
and conceptual discordances. During the previous several years the situation has
worsened considerably. Amidst introduced regional chaos, unilateral action aimed
at destabilization, and the use of force through unlawful intervention the interna
-
tional world order has become more fragile and less stable
In accordance with the Concept of Russia’s BRICS participation the main objec
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tive of the Russian Presidency would be to turn the five-country cooperation into
a full-scale coordinated mechanism spanning the full spectrum of international
issues concerning economics, politics, and civilizations International peace and
security are regarded as vital components of pentalateral cooperation, including
but not limited to international security, development and coordination of common
or similar approaches toward international terrorism and drug trafficking, coopera
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tion in the interest of ensuring international information security, fighting sea piracy
and illegal migration.
100
Regional Conflicts
Although BRICS cooperation on regional conflicts within the UN lack a full
convergence many experts acknowledge that all five member presence in the UN
Security Council in 2011 strengthened the dialogue of the group members on inter-
national peace and security. Peace and stability are seen as cornerstones for their
own peaceful and prosperous development in a predictable and safe world.
101
Historical pretexts have shown Russia and China abstained from voting on UN
SC Resolution 1970 on armed interference in the Libyan conflict, contrary to Bra
-
zil’s backing which showed a change of mind after the tragic events in Libya dem
-
onstrated civilian collateral damage. On March 17, 2011 the vote on Resolution
1973, opened the way for NATO military intervention in Libya.Brazil, India, Russia
and China abstained from taking part in this vote, South Africa’s support for NATO
intervention would later change once it joined BRICS.
BRICS states also differed in their votes on Syria: Russia and China vetoed
the resolution intended to depose President Bashar Assad, while South Africa and
India abstained. However, BRICS states’ actions are slowly coming into alignment,
as can be seen from their fifth summit of March 26-27, 2013 in Durban, South
Africa, which saw them confirm their rejection of any further militarization of the
Syrian conflict. Quoting the eThekwini Declaration: “a Syrian-led political process
100
http://static.kremlin.ru/media/events/files/41d452a8a232b2f6f8a5.pdf
101
V.Panova, BRICS Security Agenda, Vestnik Mezhdunarodnykh Organizatsii, HSE, 2015.
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leading to a transition can be achieved only through broad national dialogue that
meets the legitimate aspirations of all sections of Syrian society and respect for
Syrian independence, territorial integrity and sovereignty”.
102
The Declaration also
expressed “deep concern with instability stretching from North Africa, in particular
the Sahel, and the Gulf of Guinea”
103
and appealed to the UN Security Council to
bolster cooperation with the African Union and its Peace and Security Council for
conflict resolution in Africa.
Official documents confirm its members’ resolution to work jointly to tackle se
-
curity issues. The Declaration made at the summit in Sanya states that five leaders
“are deeply concerned with the turbulence in the Middle East, the North African and
West African regions and sincerely wish that the countries affected achieve peace,
stability, prosperity and progress and enjoy their due standing and dignity in the
world according to legitimate aspirations of their peoples” and “…share the prin
-
ciple that the use of force should be avoided”.
104
In summary all partners in BRICS
are vying to increase regional stability, and see diplomacy and peacekeeping as
the foremost option.
Terrorism
Terrorism is one of the leading issues at stake for three of the five members In
accordance with the “Global Terrorism Index”, as of last year, Russia occupies 11
th
place, India — 6
th
place, and China — 25
th
.
105
Brazil and South Africa are also fac
-
ing serious threats.
In these three countries there are unique groups of terrorists operating in distinct
regions.According to Indian offiacals the main terrorist groups operate in Manipur.
Others are scattered across the country from Tamil Nadu in the south to Assam in
the North-East.
106
In Russia, the main source of terrorism is the North Caucasus
which is home to 20 million Muslims. According to the Federal Security Service of
Russia, 80% of all attacks in the North Caucasus fall on Dagestan and Kabardino-
Balkaria. In China the autonomous region of Xinjiang inhabiting 9-million Islamic
Uighurs is the region affected the most and to a lesser extent Tibet.
Most recent information coming from Brazilian officials operating on American
backed data show that the country is facing with potential terrorist threats. Joint
monitoring activities has revealed “Hezbollah” and Jihad militia operating in ter
-
ritorial boarders.
As for South Africa, information went public which showed that the country was
being used as a hub for terrorists camps despite officials never going public on the
102
http://kremlin.ru/supplement/1430
103
Ibid.,
104
http://kremlin.ru/supplement/907
105
http://www.visionofhumanity.org/sites/default/files/Global%20Terrorism%20Index%20Report%
202014.pdf
106
Indian gov't — 66 terrorist groups active in India // UPI. 29 August, 2013.
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matter until 2007. Another crucial aspect in the fight against terrorism concerns
South Africa’s poorly regulated banking system which can serve as a platform for
money laundering
There is an urgent need to find a common response to global challenges sur
-
rounding international law and activities of international institutions. Some experts
believe that it is inevitable to tackle these problems in the RIC format as oppose to
the BRICS format which is seen limiting direct cooperation on these issues.
Drug Trafficking
The problem of drug trafficking and drug use adversely impacts all of the BRICS.
Neighboring countries of all BRICS members are the source of main drug produc-
tion. Cocaine from Colombia and Peru for Brazil; heroin and opium from Afghani
-
stan for Russia; China and India of opium from Afghanistan and drugs from Myan
-
mar and South Africa gets Lesotho marijuana and new psychotropic substances
from Mozambique and Namibia. On top of the aforementioned South Africa, India
and China face internal drug production problems.
All BRICS countries happen to be transistors of drug flow. The largest portion
of cocaine crosses Brazil and Europe with (70% of the world consumable cocaine)
Europe is also destination for part of Afghan heroine (around 30%) with Russia as
transit country. China is a transit route of drugs to North America, while South Af-
rica is the most rentable transit country for drugs going to Europe from the Andes’
countries and Afghanistan.
All BRICS members fall into the top ten drug consuming countries. top. Despite
such serious problems BRICS members have a great experience in drug seizure
Russia takes 8
th
place in the world for seizure of morphine and heroine; India fairs
the poorest with only partial successful seizures amid relatively high consumption.
China takes 5
th
place in the world concerning heroine seizure. Brazil takes the
9
th
place in cocaine seizure, 8
th
concerning ecstasy and the 5
th
place in cannabis
seizure. As for South Africa, the country doesn’t take any of the first 10 places con
-
cerning drug seizure.
107
Both issues of terrorism and drug trafficking are discussed during BRICS meet
-
ings, but no actions have yet been taken. There is however an antinarcotics task
force created to mirror all members’ national agencies schedule to hodl its first
meeting in Russia.
Even less could be expected in the domain of counter-terrorist activities. In ac-
cordance with the Fortaleza Declaration leaders reaffirmed their “commitment to
the implementation of the UN Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy” and pledged to
“work together to conclude as soon as possible negotiations and to adopt in the
107
http://ecsocman.hse.ru/hsedata/2014/12/24/1104128423/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B
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%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_2014_04_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%
BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80-11.pdf