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1. Lead-in
1a What do you know about the
United Nations (the UN)? Answer
these questions with a partner.
1 When was the UN founded?
2 How many countries are now UN
members?
3 Where is the UN headquarters?
4 Where is the current Secretary
General from?
5 Which of these activities is the
UN not involved with?
Aid and peace keeping
Religious education
International justice
Children’s rights
Economic development
Entertainment
1b Listen and check your
knowledge. Track 15.
1c Read this entry from an
encyclopaedia. What is its main
subject?
1 the work of the United Nations
2 celebrities who work for the
Secretary General
3 the Secretary General and his/her
department
THE UNITED NATIONS is an
organisation that works in many
different areas. In order to carry out
its work, the UN has a large
department of international civil
servants (the Secretariat). The head
of this UN department is the
Secretary General and there are about
9,000 other staff members. The
Secretary General is responsible for
the day-to-day organisation of the
UN and its many projects.
As
well
as
these
work
responsibilities,
the
Secretary
General is a symbol or face of the
UN. He or she is also a spokesperson
for the people of the world and can
ask the UN to help with difficult
situations in the world.
The
Secretary
General
also
chooses the Messengers of Peace.
These people publicise the work of
the UN and they are chosen from the
fields of arts, literature and sports.
Messengers of Peace have included
Luciano Pavarotti (opera singer) and
Muhammad Ali (boxer).
1d Are these statements true (T) or false (F), or does the text not say (DS)?
1 The UN helps protect endangered animals.
2 The Secretariat manages the UN’s daily business.
3 The Secretary General is very well paid.
4 The Secretary General can request that the UN solves a problem.
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5 The countries in the United Nations select the Messengers of Peace.
6 The Messengers of Peace tell the world about the UN’s work.
7 Politicians can become Messengers of Peace.
Pre-reading activities
2a Look at this list of companies and answer the questions.
1 What do they do/produce?
2 In which country did they start?
3 Would you like to work for
them?
While-reading activities
2b Read the text about Microsoft and choose the correct phrase/ sentence
from A-F to fill in gaps 1-5. There is one sentence that you won’t need to use.
A
Bill Gates himself has given over
$30 billion to support projects in
global health and learning
B
it is now published in 26
languages and is available in more
than 60 countries
C
Bill has mixed feelings about
spending so much time running
Microsoft
D
that was designed to run on a
computer
E
so they started to develop
software for personal computers
F
by the end of that decade,
however, attitudes were changing in
the USA
Growth of a Global Giant
Today Microsoft employs more than 55,000 people in 85 countries and regions.
In 2006, the company made profits of US$ 12.6 billion. But it wasn’t always that
way …
The seventies and eighties
(1975-1989)
Microsoft
was set up
in Albuquerque
(New Mexico, USA) in 1975 by Bill
Gates and his friend Paul Allen. The
two men
were guided by
a belief
that every desk in every office, and
every home, should have a computer,
1)
. At first, the
company
concentrated on
selling to
2. Reading
BP Coca-Cola Fiat Google
Honda IBM McDonald’s Nestle
Nintendo Nokia Philips
Samsung Shell Sony
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businesses. In the late 1970s,
Microsoft
moved to
the Seattle area.
It is still based there today, on its
own
‘corporate
campus’
in
Redmond.
In
the
mid
1980s,
Microsoft
was growing
rapidly and
chose
the Republic of Ireland as the
Location of its first production
facility outside the USA.
2)
, and the
company
was criticized
for making
its employees work too hard!
The nineties (1990-1999)
1994
Microsoft
Encarta
was
launched – the first encyclopaedia
3______ __________
. The company
slogan was also changed to: ‘Where
do you want to go today?’
1995
Windows 95 was released, and
more than a million copies were sold
in the first four days. The company
focus moved from business to the
consumer. MSN, the Microsoft
Network online service, was also
launched, and quickly became one of
the largest Internet service providers.
1996
Microsoft was named the
company that Americans respected
and admired the most.
1997
Microsoft
opened
its
headquarters in India, now the
second
largest
after
its
US
headquarters.
1999
Gates’s book Business @ the
Speed of Thought was published.
The book shows how computer
technology
can
solve
business
problems in new ways.
4)
.
The ‘noughties’ (since 2000)
2001
Windows XP was released
worldwide.
2004
Microsoft gave $3.5 million for
relief and recovery efforts after the
Asian tsunami.
5)
. In this
year Microsoft faced legal action
from the European Union for unfair
competition.
2006
Plans were announced to
develop the campus in Redmond.
2007
Microsoft Windows Vista was
launched.
Post-reading activities
2c Which decade do the following statements go with?
1 People in the USA thought that Microsoft was top company.
2 The company started making software abroad.
3 Sales of one particular product were very good.
4 Microsoft helped people after the terrible events in the Indian Ocean.
5 Gates and Allen started the company.
6 Microsoft became more interested in selling computers to people than to
companies.
7 Microsoft had problems in Europe.
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2d Find words in the text that mean:
1 an idea that you think is true
2 the programs that a computer uses
to do different jobs
3 gave most of its time or attention
to this
4 an area of land where company (or
university) buildings are
5 a short, clever phrase that is used in
advertising
6 made a new product available
2e Using your own words answer the questions.
How did Microsoft change between 1975 and 2007?
What do you think were the three most important years for Microsoft?
3. Language skills
3a Make questions about the start of the Italian company Fiat. Then listen
and check your questions and answers to them.
1 When / Fiat / set up?
When was Fiat set up?
2 Where / cars / test / in the early years?
3 When / car adverts / aim / at women for the first time?
4 Which newspaper / buy / by Fiat in 1926,
Corriere della Sera
or
La Stampa
?
5 What / set up / in the late 1920s?
6 Where / Fiat cars / construct / in the early 1930s?
3b Complete the factfile about Samsung with the correct form of the verbs in
brackets.
Samsung 1) (set up)
in Taegu, Korea, in 1938 by Byung-
Chull Lee. At that time, Samsung
General Store (its original name)
2)_____(sell) dried fish, vegetables
and fruit to China. Samsung (which
means three stars in Korean)
3) (grow) quickly.
In the 1970s, Samsung 4)______
(move) into industry and many new
Samsung companies 5) (create),
e.g. Samsung Shipbuilding. During
this decade, Samsung also 6) ______
(develop)
its
home
electronic
business. In 1976, one million black-
and-white
TV
sets
7)_______
(produce). The next year, colour
televisions 8) (export) for the
first time.
In the 1980s, Samsung 9)______
(put) its energies into technology,
and new products 10)________
(introduce) to the global market. In
1987, Samsung’s Chairman, Byung-
Chull Lee, 11)____(die) after almost
50 years in charge of the company.
His son, Kun-Hee Lee, 12)____
(become) the new chairman of
Samsung.
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3c Read this story about another global giant, i.e. the first McDonald’s, and
put the verbs into the correct form.
1 The parking lot was full, the lines
were long, and customers
1)
(leave) with an arm-full of food
and a smile on their face. Kroc
2)
(stop) to see what
3)
(go on): “You’ll get the
best hamburger you ever ate for
fifteen cents. And you don’t have
to wait and mess around tipping
waitresses.”
2 The McDonald brothers
4)
(do)
for hamburgers what Henry Ford
5)
(do) for cars.
3 Ray Kroc
6)
(open) his own
first hamburger stand in suburban
Chicago in 1955.
4 The brothers — Mac and Dick
McDonald — had started the fast-
food stand in 1940, but
7)
(not
achieve) real success until eight
years later.
5 Over the years, operators
8)
(develop) successful
additions to the menu such as the
Big Mac, Filet-O-Fish, and Egg
McMuffin.
6
Ronald
McDonald,
the
‘Hamburger-Happy
Clown,’
9)___
(create) by Willard Scott, a
local television announcer.
People and organisations
3d Put the words in the box into two
groups: A for individuals and B for
groups of people.
minister ambassador assistant
civil servant committee
department staff
head of a department
spokesperson president
3e Match some of the words above
with
their
definitions.
Write
definitions for the other words.
1 a group of people who meet
regularly and make important
decisions
2 a politician with an important
government job
3 one part of a company or
organisation
4 someone who represents and speaks
for
a
group
of
people
or
organisation
5 someone who helps a more senior
colleague