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51
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɫɢɥɵ
F
cx
x
;
A
c
x
x
12
1
2
2
2
2
.
>
@
G
Z
A
R v
M
dt
O
O
;
;
M
G
d
M
A
Z
³
2
1
12
M
M
M
d
M
A
Z
.
ɋɭɦɦɚ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɜɫɟɯ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɫɢɥ ɜ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɦ ɬɟɥɟ ɪɚɜɧɚ ɧɭɥɸ
.
N
A
dt
F v
F v
F x
F y
F z
x
y
z
G
W
.
Z
O
O
M
v
R
N
.
Z
Z
M
N
.
x
F
y
F
y
x
w
w
w
w
,
x
F
z
F
z
x
w
w
w
w
,
y
F
z
F
z
y
w
w
w
w
–
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɹ
.
d
ɉ
A
G
;
A
12
=
ɉ
1
–
ɉ
2
,
ɝɞɟ ɉ
(
x, y, z
) –
ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹ ɬɨɱɤɢ
;
Ph
ɉ
r
,
ɝɞɟ
h
–
ɜɵɫɨɬɚ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɬɹɠɟɫɬɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɭɥɟɜɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
,
2
2
'
c
ɉ
.
ɉɪɢɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɟɟ ɢɡ
ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɨɟ ɪɚɜɧɨ ɫɭɦɦɟ ɪɚɛɨɬ
,
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɷɬɨɦ
ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɜɫɟɦɢ ɫɢɥɚɦɢ
,
ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɤ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ
,
ɬ
.
ɟ
. T
2
– T
1
= A
12
.
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɚɹ ɨɬ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɪɚɜɧɚ ɫɭɦɦɟ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɟɣ
ɜɫɟɯ ɫɢɥ
,
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɷɬɭ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ
,
ɬ
.
ɟ
.
N
dt
dT
.
ȿɫɥɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɞɜɢɠɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɫɢɥɨɜɨɦ ɩɨɥɟ
,
ɬɨ ɩɨɥɧɚɹ
ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹ
,
ɪɚɜɧɚɹ ɫɭɦɦɟ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɷɧɟɪɝɢɣ
,
ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɣ
,
ɬ
.
ɟ
.
Ɍ
+
ɉ
= const.
j
j
j
Q
q
T
q
T
dt
d
w
w
¸
¸
¹
·
¨
¨
©
§
w
w
(
j
= 1, 2, ... ,
s
),
ɝɞɟ
q
1
, q
2
,..., q
S
–
ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
;
s
–
ɱɢɫɥɨ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɟɣ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
;
,
1
q
,
2
q
…,
S
q
–
ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ
;
Ɍ
–
ɤɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
;
Q
1
, Q
2
, ..., Q
S
–
ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɢɥɵ
.
0
w
w
¸
¸
¹
·
¨
¨
©
§
w
w
j
j
q
L
q
L
dt
d
,
ɝɞɟ
L = T –
ɉ
–
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ Ʌɚɝɪɚɧɠɚ
.
Ⱦɥɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɣ Ʌɚɝɪɚɧɠɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ
:
52
x
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ
ɱɢɫɥɨ
ɫɬɟɩɟɧɟɣ
ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ
ɢ
ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ
ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɧɵɟ
ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɵ
;
x
ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɜ
,
ɱɬɨ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɞɜɢɠɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤ
,
ɱɬɨ ɜɫɟ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɧɵɟ
ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɵ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ
,
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
,
ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɫɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ
,
ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɜ
Ɍ
,
ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɵ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɵ ɢ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɧɵɟ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ
,
ɬ
.
ɟ
.
)
;
,...,
,
;
,...,
,
(
2
1
2
1
t
q
q
q
q
q
q
T
T
S
S
(
ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɵɯ
ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɜɪɟɦɹ
t
ɧɟ ɜɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ
T
);
x
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ
j
q
T
w
w
;
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ
¸
¸
¹
·
¨
¨
©
§
w
w
j
q
T
dt
d
,
ɫɱɢɬɚɹ ɜɫɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ
,
ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɜ
j
q
T
w
w
,
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɦɢ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ
t
;
x
ɧɚɣɬɢ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɢɥɵ
;
ɩɨɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɧɚɣɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɜ
ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɟ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ
.
53
ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
1.
Ɍɚɪɝ ɋ
.
Ɇ
.
Ʉɪɚɬɤɢɣ ɤɭɪɫ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɢ
:
ɭɱɟɛ
.
ɞɥɹ
ɫɬɭɞ
.
ɜɬɭɡɨɜ
/
ɋ
.
Ɇ
.
Ɍɚɪɝ
. – 12-
ɟ ɢɡɞ
.,
ɫɬɟɪ
. –
Ɇ
. :
ȼɵɫɲ
.
ɲɤ
., 2002. –
416
ɫ
.
2.
Ɇɟɳɟɪɫɤɢɣ ɂ
.
ȼ
.
Ɂɚɞɚɱɢ ɩɨ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɟ
:
ɭɱɟɛ
.
ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ
ɞɥɹ
ɫɬɭɞ
.
ɜɭɡɨɜ
,
ɨɛɭɱ
.
ɩɨ
ɬɟɯɧ
.
ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɹɦ
/
ɂ
.
ȼ
.
Ɇɟɳɟɪɫɤɢɣ
;
ɩɨɞ ɪɟɞ
.
ȼ
.
Ⱥ
.
ɉɚɥɶɦɨɜɚ
,
Ⱦ
.
Ɋ
.
Ɇɟɪɤɢɧɚ
. –
ɋɉɛ
. :
Ʌɚɧɶ
,
2004. – 447
ɫ
.
3.
əɛɥɨɧɫɤɢɣ Ⱥ
.
Ⱥ
.
Ʉɭɪɫ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɢ
:
ɭɱɟɛ
.
ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ
ɞɥɹ ɫɬɭɞ
.
ɜɭɡɨɜ
,
ɨɛɭɱ
.
ɩɨ ɬɟɯɧ
.
ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɹɦ
/
Ⱥ
.
Ⱥ
.
əɛɥɨɧɫɤɢɣ
,
ȼ
.
Ɇ
.
ɇɢɤɢɮɨɪɨɜɚ
. – 8-
ɟ ɢɡɞ
.,
ɫɬɟɪ
. –
ɋɉɛ
. :
Ʌɚɧɶ
, 2001. – 763
ɫ
.
Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
4.
ɋɛɨɪɧɢɤ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɤɭɪɫɨɜɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɨ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɟ
:
ɭɱɟɛ
.
ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɭɞ
.
ɜɬɭɡɨɜ
/
Ⱥ
.
Ⱥ
.
əɛɥɨɧɫɤɢɣ
[
ɢ ɞɪ
.]. –
Ɇ
. :
ɂɧɬɟɝɪɚɥ
-
ɉɪɟɫɫ
, 2004. – 382
ɫ
.
5.
Ȼɚɬɶ Ɇ
.
ɂ
.
Ɍɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɚ ɜ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚɯ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɚɯ
:
ɭɱɟɛ
.
ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɭɞ
.
ɜɬɭɡɨɜ
:
ɜ
3
ɬ
. /
Ɇ
.
ɂ
.
Ȼɚɬɶ
,
Ƚ
.
ɘ
.
Ⱦɠɚɧɟɥɢɞɡɟ
,
Ⱥ
.
ɋ
.
Ʉɟɥɶɡɨɧ
. –
Ɇ
. :
ɇɚɭɤɚ
, 1990. –
Ɍ
. 1 :
ɋɬɚɬɢɤɚ ɢ ɤɢɧɟɦɚɬɢɤɚ
. – 670
ɫ
.
6.
Ʉɪɚɬɤɢɣ ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɨɜ ɢ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ
.
ȼɵɫɲɚɹ
ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɚ
.
Ɏɢɡɢɤɚ
.
Ɍɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɚ
.
ɋɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ
/
Ⱥ
.
Ⱦ
.
ɉɨɥɹɧɢɧ
[
ɢ ɞɪ
.]. –
Ɇ
. :
Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪ
.
ɩɪɨɝɪ
.
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
, 1996. – 431
ɫ
.
7.
Ȼɭɯɝɨɥɶɰ ɇ
.
ɇ
.
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɤɭɪɫ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɢ
:
ɭɱɟɛ
.
ɞɥɹ ɝɨɫ
.
ɭɧ
-
ɬɨɜ
/
ɇ
.
ɇ
.
Ȼɭɯɝɨɥɶɰ
;
ɜ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɢ ɫ ɞɨɩ
.
ɋ
.
Ɇ
.
Ɍɚɪɝɚ
. –
Ɇ
. :
ɇɚɭɤɚ
, 1972. –
ɑ
. 1 :
Ʉɢɧɟɦɚɬɢɤɚ
,
ɫɬɚɬɢɤɚ
,
ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɬɨɱɤɢ
. – 467
ɫ
.
54
ɍɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɟ
Ɋȿɒȿɇɂȿ ɁȺȾȺɑ ɉɈ ɌȿɈɊȿɌɂɑȿɋɄɈɃ ɆȿɏȺɇɂɄȿ
.
ɑɚɫɬɶ
3.
Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ
ɍɱɟɛɧɨ
-
ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɜɭɡɨɜ
ɋɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɢ
:
ɑɟɛɨɬɚɪɟɜ
Ⱥɧɞɪɟɣ ɋɟɪɝɟɟɜɢɱ
,
ɓɟɝɥɨɜɚ
ɘɥɢɹ Ⱦɦɢɬɪɢɟɜɧɚ
ɉɨɞɩɢɫɚɧɨ ɜ ɩɟɱɚɬɶ
15.08.07.
Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ
60×84/16.
ɍɫɥ
.
ɩɟɱ
.
ɥ
. 3,1.
Ɍɢɪɚɠ
100
ɷɤɡ
.
Ɂɚɤɚɡ
1678.
ɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨ
-
ɩɨɥɢɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ
ȼɨɪɨɧɟɠɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ
.
394000,
ɝ
.
ȼɨɪɨɧɟɠ
,
ɩɥ
.
ɢɦ
.
Ʌɟɧɢɧɚ
, 10.
Ɍɟɥ
. 208-298, 598-026 (
ɮɚɤɫ
)
http://www.ppc.vsu.ru; e-mail: pp_center@typ.vsu.ru
Ɉɬɩɟɱɚɬɚɧɨ ɜ ɬɢɩɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨ
-
ɩɨɥɢɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ
ȼɨɪɨɧɟɠɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ
.
394000,
ɝ
.
ȼɨɪɨɧɟɠ
,
ɭɥ
.
ɉɭɲɤɢɧɫɤɚɹ
, 3.
Ɍɟɥ
. 204-133.