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9.
Экзамены на присуждение степеней сдаются в вузе, Национальном
совете по присуждению ученых степеней или в профессиональных
органах.
10.
Студенты получают стипендии от местных органов власти, которые
обязательно покрывают стоимость обучения и иногда — стоимость
проживания.
11.
Была введена система займов, и сейчас студенты должны возвратить
стипендию.
12.
Университеты
Оксбриджа
известны
великолепным
качеством
обучения.
2e Close your books and talk about the system of higher education in Great
Britain.
2f Sometimes reading of scientific texts is regarded as a dull worthless
occupation. Do you agree? What makes texts boring? Can you overcome the
problem? How?
Do you want to participate in an experiment?
You are offered two ways (A or B) of dealing with the text “To the 800
TH
Anniversary of Cambridge”.
A. Read the text and prepare short summary of it (5-6 sentences) in Russian.
Be ready to answer some questions after reading the text.
B. Try the new strategy in overcoming challenging tasks.
Step1. Watch the video clip V2.1 from Daily English Dictation and Listening
Comprehension program by Shane Petersen.
Step2. Discuss in the group what you’ve just seen. (This step is optional.)
Step3. Imagine yourself invited as the Internet coach of English. Prepare any
passage from the text for explanation. Role-play an English coach for your
group mates.
Step4. Use the ESL (English as a Second Language) You Tube channel to
improve your English listening and comprehension skills.
TO THE 800
th
ANNIVERSARY OF CAMBRIDGE
In 2009 Cambridge University celebrated its jubilee.
Cambridge has prospered and stands amongst the foremost universities of
the world.
From being a university primarily driven by undergraduate education,
Cambridge’s reputation is now overwhelmingly tied to its research achievements,
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which can be simply represented by the fact that more than three-quarters of its
current annual income is devoted to research.
Despite the change of scale, Cambridge has retained the quality of great
university: a place, where enquiry is encouraged and tested and where critical
thought is the order of the day. For all of its size, Cambridge is still a collection of
colleges and departments, separate and overlapping disciplines. It remains
fundamentally a place of individual scholarly creativity and clear educational
purpose.
Cambridge attracts the best students and academics because they find the
University and the colleges stimulating and employable places in which to live and
work. The students are thrown in with similarly able minds, learning as much from
each other as from their teachers; the good senior academics so easily believe that
what they spend their waking hours thinking about must somehow be in advance
on what is known or understood already. Earlier generations have thought the
same.
One generation dismisses another: not even Erasmus or Newton, Darwin or
Keynes stand unscathed by the passage of time; nor can we be but humbled,
especially in our day when so much information is so easily accessible, by the vast
store of knowledge which can be approached but never really controlled.
University library and museum collections bring people into contact with many
lives lived in the past. They serve as symbols of the continuity of learning, or the
diversity of news, of an obligation to wrestle with fact and argument, to come to
one’s own conclusions, and in turn to be accountable for the findings. The real
quest is not for knowledge, but for understanding.
It is remarkable that Cambridge should have had a University for so long.
We take it for granted. We assume that Cambridge has always been an important
centre of learning, and that what has been will be forever. But history tells us
otherwise. The University and the colleges have a chequered past. More often than
not, however, teachers and students here have been conscientious and followed
their vocation. They have sought out and promoted knowledge, and been the
guardians of much that is good in our culture. They have remained close to the
interests and needs of the society at large, asking hard questions, challenging
established ways of thinking, and incorporating new understanding in what is
taught and learned. We celebrate a great history; but we can look forward to a
future only by knowing what it is that makes the genius of the place.
1.
What is considered to be the order of the day at Cambridge University?
2.
Cambridge University is a very attractive place for students and academics.
Why do you think it is?
3.
Why are the University library and museum collections popular among
people?
4.
What is considered to be the order of the day at the university you study in?
5.
Do you know to what extend your university is a research institution?
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3.SPEAKING AND WRITING
3a Write a paragraph to show the main features of British higher education.
3b Do some project work:
1.
Find information in the Internet illustrating the differences of educational
systems in England, Scotland, Wales and the Northern Ireland.
2.
Make a power-point presentation showing the results of your survey and
present it to the class.
4.READING AND SPEAKING
4a Look at the pictures and discuss with your partner.
1.
What do you know about the people in the pictures? What made them
famous?
2.
How can good education influence the future success of a person?
Harvard alumni
4b Scan the text about American system of higher education and find
sentences which contain key information.
AMERICAN UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES
Higher education in the United States includes educational programs which usually
require for admission 12 years of elementary and secondary schooling. It is carried
on under a number of forms.
The most common type of higher education is the college. It requires for admission graduation
from a standard secondary school; its four-year curriculum leads to the bachelor’s
degree in arts and sciences.
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The American college is known by various titles such as the college of liberal arts, the college of arts
and sciences, the college of literature, science and arts. The college may be the central unit
around which the university is organized, or it may be a separate corporate entity, independent
from the University.
College students usually spend four years at the college and get the Bachelor’s
degree. In contrast to universities, colleges don’t have graduate or professional
programs. Colleges in the USA differ greatly in size – they may include from 100
students to 5000 and more.
The course of study in a community college lasts two years and doesn’t lead to
any degree. Community colleges may give courses in the regular academic
subjects or subjects like dental technology, sewing and other non-academic
subjects. Not all community colleges have high school diplomas.
The university in the United States is an educational institution comprising
a
college of
liberal arts and sciences,
a
professional school leading to a professional degree and
a graduate college (school). A graduate college provides programs for study and
research beyond the levels of the bachelor's and first professional degree.
The word "university", however, is also used in a broader sense, for almost any
type of educational institution offering instruction beyond the level of the
secondary school.
Thus in the United States there is some confusion in the use of the terms
"college" and "university". Some institutions that are in fact colleges of liberal arts
have been incorporated in the universities. Some institutions incorporated in
colleges are in fact universities with graduate and professional schools.
In addition to colleges and universities there is a large number of professional
schools, separate from universities. They provide preparation in one or more
professional fields, such as law, music or theology. Junior colleges or professional
schools do not offer the full four-year curriculum leading to a degree.
An institute of technology is a degree-granting institution that specializes in
science and technology; some of them have graduate study. An institution offering
programs of technological study only at the junior college level is known as a
technical institution.
The university may be funded from several different sources. A publicly funded
university gets some money from the state government. A privately funded
university gets money from private sources only. A university may be funded by a
religious group.
Among the top universities in the USA are: Harvard University, Yale
University, The University of Chicago, Princeton University, Columbia University
and others.
4c Find the English equivalents for:
Образовательная программа; требовать при поступлении; начальное и
среднее образование; осуществляться; окончание средней школы; программа;
приводить к ч-л; степень бакалавра гуманитарных и технических наук; быть
центральным звеном; отдельная составная единица; иметь программы,
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ведущие к степени выше бакалавра или профессиональной степени; учебный
курс; общий колледж; приводить к получению степени; неакадемический
предмет; иметь диплом об окончании средней школы; образовательное
учреждение; включать ч-л (в состав); колледж свободных искусств и наук;
профессиональный колледж / профессиональное отделение университета;
профессиональная степень; аспирантура; предоставлять программу обучения
и исследований; выше уровня ч-л; давать образование; быть включенным в
университет; быть независимым от университета; давать подготовку в
профессиональной области; первая ступень колледжа; технический институт;
учебное
заведение,
присваивающее
степень;
технический
колледж;
финансироваться из; источник; получать деньги из частных источников.
4d Are these sentences true or false?
1.
Educational programs within higher education require for admission 10years
of elementary and secondary schooling.
2.
College students usually spend four years at the college and get the Master’s
degree.
3.
Not all community colleges have high school diplomas.
4.
There is no confusion in the use of the terms "college" and "university" in
the United States.
5.
Professional schools provide preparation in one or more professional fields.
6.
Junior colleges offer the full four-year curriculum leading to a degree.
7.
The university is funded from several different sources.
4e Read the text carefully. Answer the questions:
1.
What do higher education institutions in the USA require for admission?
2.
What degree does a college lead to?
3.
What sense is the word "college" used in?
4.
What kind of educational institution is the University?
5.
What sense is the word "university" used in?
6.
What kind of preparation do professional schools provide?
7.
What is an institute of technology?
8.
What is the size of colleges and universities in America?
4f Translate into English:
1.
Для поступления в университет или колледж в Америке необходимо
закончить среднюю школу.
2.
В США существует несколько типов вузов: колледж, университет,
профессиональный колледж и др.
3.
Университет
обычно
состоит
из
колледжа
гуманитарных
и
естественных наук, профессионального отделения и аспирантуры.
4.
После 4 лет в университете студент получает степень бакалавра
гуманитарных или естественных наук.