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5.
Аспирантура предлагает программы выше уровня степени бакалавра и
первой профессиональной степени.
6.
Университет может иметь колледж в своем составе; колледж может
входить в университет или быть самостоятельной единицей.
7.
Профессиональный колледж — это учебное заведение, существующее
отдельно от университета.
8.
Колледжи и университеты предлагают программы, после прохождения
которых присваивается степень бакалавра.
9.
Технические институты также присваивают степени и часто
предлагают курс аспирантуры.
4g Tell the class about the main features of American colleges and universities.
5. LISTENING / WATCHING AND WRITING
5a Listen L2.2 /V2.2 to the information (watch video) about studying at one of
US universities and make key notes. Be ready to answer the following
questions.
1.
Which university is under consideration?
2.
Are foreign students invited to study at the university?
3.
How does it influence the life of students?
4.
Why does the administration of the university pursue such a policy?
5b Find more information about higher education in the UK and the USA.
Write an article about 250 words comparing two systems of education.
6. READING AND LISTENING / WATCHING
6aRead some extracts from the newspaper interview with Jay Gonzales, the
graduate from Georgetown University. Can you say that his educational
history is quite typical for any American university student? Why? Why not?
My name is Jay Gonzalez and I’m spending my second year of the Fulbright
English Teaching Assistantship living and working in Voronezh…
I studied at Georgetown University in Washington, DC. I moved there when I
finished high school at the age of 18. This was the first time that I moved away
from my family and there were many challenges living in a city as diverse and
active as Washington, DC. Initially, I experienced a bit of culture shock, but I soon
began to enjoy the many opportunities that life in the capital offers. Because of
Georgetown’s cosmopolitan atmosphere, I made many foreign friends…
Many students at Georgetown work or intern in private companies, research
institutes, embassies, Congress or the White House in addition to their studies. I
finished my studies at Georgetown in May 2009, receiving a degree in Russian
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Language and Literature as well as a minor degree (additional education) in the
field of politics, society, and economics of Eastern Europe and Central Asia…
After graduating from Georgetown, I got a job teaching English in Toulouse,
a city in the south of France, home to the aircraft builder Airbus. My connections
at the French Embassy helped me get this job, but my experience teaching helped
me to adapt to the French education system, which differs from both the American
and the Russian systems in various ways. While in Toulouse, I taught at 3
different high schools and a pedagogical university. Every school had a different
specialization. One focused on business and government, another focused on
industrial trades, yet another focused on culinary arts, and of course the
pedagogical university dealt with training teachers. The variety of students’ levels
and language needs made my post interesting, if not just a little bit challenging. In
addition to this, the beautiful southern French countryside, cuisine, and spirit of the
people created an almost magical atmosphere…
This year in Voronezh is my sixth year teaching English as a Foreign
Language (EFL). When I was a teenager, I never thought I would be a teacher. To
be a teacher requires discipline, a thirst for to gain and share knowledge, patience,
dedication and creativity. That was too much work, I thought. Instead, I wanted to
be a lawyer or a politician, to do something in government…
6b L1.3 / V1.3 Watch/Listen to the interview with Jay Gonzales. Compare
impressions you’ve got about the person from the article and the video.
7. READING AND SPEAKING
7a Answer the questions:
1.
Which school did you study in? How long?
2.
What is compulsory education?
3.
What basic facts do you know about the educational system in Russia?
7b Scan the text and answer the questions:
1.
What caused almost 100% literacy in the Soviet Union and post-soviet
Russia?
2.
Why did many state institutions start to open commercial positions?
3.
What are the three major groups of education in Russia?
4.
What are the possibilities of the continuation of education for the 9
th
grade
pupil?
5.
How can a student continue his/her education after obtaining a Certificate of
Complete Secondary Education?
6.
What are the three degrees that are conferred by Russian universities?
7.
Is there a research-based postgraduate education in Russian higher education
establishments?
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RUSSIA’S EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
Russian education system was originally inherited from the Soviet Union
without any significant changes. In the Soviet Union, education of all levels was
free for anybody who could pass entrance exams; students were provided with
small scholarships and free housing. It has produced nearly 100 % literacy. In the
Soviet Union institutions were funded entirely from the federal and regional
budgets. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, institutions found themselves
unable to provide adequate teachers’ salaries, students' scholarships, and to
maintain their facilities. Many state institutions started to open commercial
positions. The number of those positions has been growing steadily since then.
Many private higher education institutions have emerged
,
too. In 2004, 35 % of all
first-year students were paying for their own education in state institutions and
20% were enrolled in private universities.
Education in Russia may be arranged into three major groups: secondary
education, higher education
,
and postgraduate education
.
Secondary education in
Russia usually takes eleven years to complete. After graduation from the 9th grade,
which is compulsory, a pupil obtains a Certificate of Incomplete Secondary
Education. After that a pupil has can either continue education for two more years
at the secondary school, or to go to a Community College
.
The latter variant
usually takes three to four years to complete and provides a pupil with qualification
sufficient for most blue-collar jobs.
After obtaining a Certificate of Complete Secondary Education a student can
enter a University or a Community College. Nowadays, the country has 685
governmental higher education institutions and 619 non-governmental higher
education establishments (1,162 of which are state-accredited).In 2003-2004, the
total number of students of higher education institutions was 5,947,500.
There are three different degrees that are conferred by Russian universities:
Bachelor's Degree (4 years), Specialist's Degree (5-6 years), and Master's Degree
(6years). Bachelor's degrees were introduced relatively recently and are not offered
by many six-year institutions. After obtaining a Specialist’s or Master's Degree
,
a
student may pursue postgraduate education
.
The first level of postgraduate
education is “aspirantura” that usually results in the Candidate of Sciences Degree
,
roughly equivalent to the Ph. D. in the United States. The second stage would
result in the Doctor's Degree. A Candidate of Sciences Degree may be
accompanied by honorary degree of assistant professor and a Doctor's Degree may
be accompanied by honorary degree of professor.
7c Find the English equivalents for:
быть унаследованным от ч-л; бесплатный; сдать вступительные экзамены;
предоставить к-л стипендии; бесплатное жилье; привести к грамотности;
финансировать институты полностью из федерального и регионального
бюджетов; обеспечить достойную зарплату; студенческая стипендия;
содержать здания; открыть платные места; возникнуть; быть зачисленным;
25
подразделяться на среднее образование, высшее образование, аспирантуру;
окончание (учебного заведения); обязательный; сертификат о неполном сред-
нем образовании; последний вариант; достаточный; негосударственный вуз;
иметь государственную аккредитацию; присвоить степень; получить степень;
продолжить образование после окончания вуза; привести к получению степе-
ни кандидата наук; сопровождаться чем-либо; почетная степень; доцент.
7d Translate the following sentences into English:
1.
Образовательная система России была унаследована от Советского
Союза. Определенное время образование было бесплатным для
любого,
кто
проходил
вступительные
экзамены,
студенты
обеспечивались небольшими стипендиями и бесплатным жильем.
2.
В Советском Союзе вузы финансировались полностью из федерального
и регионального бюджетов, в постсоветской России многие институты
не смогли обеспечивать достойные зарплаты преподавателям и
стипендии студентам и стали предлагать (открывать) платные места.
3.
Появилось много частных вузов, которые были аккредитованы
государством, в них учится около 20 % студентов.
4.
Среднее образование в России обязательно до 9 класса включительно,
после
чего
ученик
получает
сертификат
неполном
среднем
образовании.
5.
Университеты России присваивают следующие степени: степень
бакалавра, степень кандидата и степень магистра.
6.
Выпускники могут продолжить образование после окончания вуза, в
результате которого они могут получить степень кандидата наук или
доктора наук.
7.
Степени кандидата наук и доктора наук могут сопровождаться
почетными званиями, соответственно, доцента
и
профессора.
7e Summarize the main ideas of the text in 15 – 20 sentences and present your
summary to the class.
8.READING AND SPEAKING
8a Read the text and reconstruct its logical structure by putting the para-
graphs in a correct order.
THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO
A.
Concentration programs or majors, leading to Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor
of Science degrees, enable students to specialize in one area in great depth. With
over 2,500 courses available each year, undergraduates choose electives that allow
them to explore their interests more broadly. Students may opt to join faculty in
research through the College Research Opportunities Program, or they may design
their own research projects.
26
B.
As one of the world's great universities, The University of Chicago has been
shaping higher education and the intellectual lives of undergraduates for over a
century. A private institution charted in 1890, Chicago's 203-acre campus on the
shores of Lake Michigan has been home to 73 Nobel laureates, the largest number
affiliated with any American university. The University of Chicago scholars were
the first to split the atom, to measure the speed of light, and to develop the field of
sociology.
C.
The typical student admitted to the University of Chicago, in addition to
being academically promising, shows a desire for a liberal arts education, a keen
sense of curiosity, a willingness to question standard assumptions, and a taste for
theoretical discussion. These aspects of the successful Chicago applicant are
usually reflected in the high school courses a student has taken, grades earned, and
standardized test scores, as well as the way in which the application is completed.
D.
Carrying on this tradition of innovative and provocative thought, Chicago's
1,000 undergraduates from the community of learners discover the pleasure of
exploring, taking risks, immersing themselves intellectually, and determining the
direction of their own education. They choose Chicago because they want an
undergraduate liberal arts curriculum taught by a faculty of renowned scholars and
teachers. They seek small classes and spirited discussions. They participate in
opportunities on and off campus that take their professional and recreational
interests to a higher level.
8b “Creating an Advertisement”- project. Find some information about an
American institution of higher education of any type and share it with your
group mates. Present your information in a form of advertising the chosen
college or university. Use pictures if necessary.
9. READING AND SPEAKING
9a Skim the selections and match them to the headings given below. Read the
text and compare the academic degrees in American higher education
institutions to those in Russia.
COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY DEGREES
AMERICAN TEACHERS CAN HAVE
A.
At the doctoral level there are professional degrees and research degrees.
The most common professional degrees are the MD for medicine and the JD for
law.
The purpose of a doctoral degree program is to train research scholars in a
particular field. The doctoral degree typically involves both course work and a
major research project. It usually takes four to six years of full-time study to
complete a Ph.D. Admission into a doctoral program is considered after a