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Sunshine and Solar Energy. Little is said and written about sunshine and solar energy requirements with this cereal. It is, however, assumed that for satisfactory growth and ripening of the crop high levels of bright sunshine are required.
Maize is quite unique in its mode of growth and extent and duration of its leaves. They grow in a manner which facilitates efficient use of radiant energy by trapping most of the sun's rays and since the duration of full leaf extends almost to grain maturity, the sun's energy can be transferred to grain yield throughout the whole life of the plant. A point close to optimum leaf area is obtained early and maintained almost to grain maturity thus making maize one of the most efficient utilizers and converters of solar energy into plant energy particularly when the whole plant is considered as the economic yield.
ВАРИАНТ 3.
I. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе (б) обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций.
а) 1. It is the car that will be the transport of the future.
2. Scientists have found ways of measuring the sizes and masses of bodies.
6) 1. Elements are transformed into other elements both by man and by nature.
2. The report will be improved by him by changing the end.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. He heard the voices coming through the open window.
2. A balsa tree found in South America is lighter than any other.
3. Soils containing too much sand or clay are of less value in agriculture.
4. When studying elements Mendeleyev found that they were divided into nine groups.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквиваленты. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. She can tell you everything about cattle.
2. The application of digital (цифровой) computers should include all forms of automatic control in science and industry.
3. He had much work to do yesterday.
4. The team of experts is to study the present situation in agriculture.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.
OATS
Soil. The cultivation of oats may take place on a wide range of soil types with a reasonable degree of success. Oats can be found on all the light to medium soils in the higher rainfall areas and will give high yielding crops of good quality. They can also produce good crops on some of the heavier soils, clay and silts, in the drier areas of Britain where there are significant moisture reserves in the soil which can be drawn upon during a particularly dry time.
Climate. The oat crop is particularly suited to the cooler, more humid climate of the western and northern regions of Britain where growth is relatively slow and as a result the grains have plenty of time to fill out to produce good plump samples.
Seed-bed Preparation. Oats are said to be the best cereal to follow the ploughing up of grassland but this is only true if the grass is turned in timely and well, the furrow slice being properly inverted and no large air pockets left which tend to accentuate drying out.
Ploughing depths should be 6 inches except where grass or surface trash need to be buried deeper and then 8-9 inches plough depths may be required. Where early ploughing has been carried out it is often only necessary to give the land a light-medium harrowing to obtain the desired tilth in the top 3 inches of the soil.
Harvest. It has been pointed out that for straw to have additional feeding value the crop should be cut early and this will mean hindering one or two weeks before full ripeness. Very tall crops may be cut earlier than usual to make the harvesting easier and to avoid risks of late lodging and this will also apply to crops which have been undersown. Quick maturing varieties will often be cut before the rest to avoid grain losses and lodging. Some people suppose the best time to cut a good standing crop of oats is a few days before it is fully ripe. Since oats are much more prone to losing their grain by shattering than the other cereals then hindering must always be before full maturity.
ВАРИАНТ 4.
I. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе (б) обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций.
а) 1. He has forgotten his English since he graduated the Academy.
2. The problem of the structure of matter is constantly occupying the minds of many scientists.
б) 1. Fifty students were admitted to the faculty last August.
2. Many compounds can be decomposed when they are acted upon by different forms of energy.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. They reminded at home refusing to go anywhere that day.
2. Matter composed of any chemical combination of elements is called a compound.
3. The smallest particle having all the characteristics of an element is called an atom.
4. When started and completed its construction became the best.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Heat can be divided into three different types.
2. He was to stay at the office until the report was ready.
3. Chemical means had to be used for the separation of compounds into their elements.
4. The existence of this theory laser in the future may be possible.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.
BARLEY
1. The first requirement in the production of any crop is to see that soil conditions are as close to the optimum as possible. Barley prefers well-drained soils, light to medium in texture with a high pH. When fertility is high and weather conditions are favourable high yielding crops of good quality are obtained.
2. When barley is grown in the wetter areas of Britain, it does best when the rainfall is below normal and when sunshine hours are higher than usual.
Low rainfall in April and early May and cool weather in May is required for high yields. High rainfall in the previous winter appeared detrimental and warm dry weather was required during ripening.
3. Winter barley is often sown after early harvested sugar beet on the lighter soils, since seed-beds can often be easily and quickly prepared for sowing in October and November. With large acreage of arable land in cereals, many crops of winter barley will go in after spring cereals. Spring barley may follow almost any other crop provided the land is not in too high a state of fertility, otherwise wide-spread lodging can result.
4. For winter barley ploughing will normally take place in September or immediately following the harvest of the previous crop, wherever possible earlier turning of the soil being recommended. Where stubble from the previous crop is to be turned in together with weed-seedlings which have germinated as a result of stubble-cleaning, then it may be necessary to plough to a depth of six inches. Barley is a relatively shallow-rooting cereal and without a great deal of material to be turned over the depth of ploughing might well be reduced to four inches.
5. The optimum depth of drilling is in the region of 1-1.5 inches. Placing the seed much deeper can result in lower field germination, an irregular emergence and plants which come through the ground in a feeble condition having used up most of the nutrients from the seed before they reach the light.
ВАРИАНТ 5.
I. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе (б) обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций.
а) 1. Many students come to the Academy by their own cars.
2. Laser devices will apparently make it possible to build extremely fast computer elements.
б) 1. A new experiment will be finished soon.
2. The material was looked for many scientific books.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. It’s not only an efficient tool for studying the physical properties of solids.
2. Having obtained the necessary results they stopped their experimental work.
3. When translated, his article was sent to the ICC.
4. All the houses made of wood were burning like paper.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент; предложения переведите.
1. A mechanical feeding system should be completely automatically.
2. The water that comes to the field must get to the roots of every plant.
3. The best way of keeping the bull is to have a special barn for him.
4. Man could improve the soil using and discovering more kinds of soils.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.
COMMON FEEDING STUFFS AND THEIR USES
The feeding stuffs commonly used on farms can be divided into two main groups: (1) bulky foods; (2) concentrates.
Bulky foods in general contain a limited amount of nutrients in a given weight of food. They contain large quantities of either indigestible fibre or water and so a large quantity or bulk of them has to be fed to animals in order to provide a sufficiency of food nutrients.
On the other hand, concentrates, as their name suggests, are more concentrated in terms of nutrients in a given weight of food. Twice the energy is contained in an equivalent weight of this feeding stuff compared with bulky foods.
Both these groups of food are used in the feeding of livestock. The bulky foods satisfy the appetite, especially where a low nutrient intake is sufficient, while concentrates ensure adequate nutrients when a high nutrient intake is required, for example, a high-yielding cow.
Bulky foods can be subdivided into coarse fodders or roughages and succulent foods. The former contain a fair amount of indigestible fibre and very little water. In general they are low in protein and mineral content. The main foods in this group are cereal straws and hay. Succulent foods are roots, green fodders (kale, grass) and silage. These foods have a high moisture content which makes them palatable and in many cases slightly laxative.
Carbohydrate concentrates are foods which although they all contain protein consist mainly of starch with smaller amounts of sugar, oil and fibre. These starchy foods include all cereal grains.
СПИСОК ИСПОЛЬЗОВАННОЙ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ
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Бонк Н.А., Лукьянова Н.А., Памухина Л.Г. Учебник английского языка. Ч.1,2. - М.,1992.
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Выборова Г.Е., Махмурян К.С. Easy English. Сборник упражнений по английской грамматике. - М.,1998.
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Занина Е.Л. 95 устных тем по английскому языку. – М., 1998.
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Murphy Raymond. English grammar in use. – CUP, 1995.
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Николенко Т.Г. Тесты по грамматике английского языка. – М., 2000.
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Новоселова И.З., Александрова Е.С., Гринева Л.Е., др. Пособие по английскому языку для сельскохозяйственных и лесотехнических вузов. – М., 1984.
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Полякова Т.Ю., Синявская Е.В., Тынкова О.И., Улановская Э.С. Английский язык для инженеров. – М.,1998.
РЕКОМЕНДУЕМЫЕ УЧЕБНИКИ И ПОСОБИЯ
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Людвигова Е.В., Баженова С.М., Павлова Э.С., Седов Д.Г. Учебник английского языка для вузов заочного обучения. – М.,1968.
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Петрова А.В., Понтович С.В. Учебник английского языка для заочных вузов. Ч. 1 и 2. – М., 1961 и более поздние издания.
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Щеглова Л.М., Дубнякова И.С. Пособие по английскому языку для сельскохозяйственных вузов. – М., 1972.