Письменная практика помогла расширить словарный запас, развить навыки работы с информационными ресурсами, специальной литературой, углубить знания терминологии в различных областях, грамотно и логично излагать мысли в письменной форме.

Устная практика показала, насколько ответственна, трудна и интересна работа переводчика, и еще раз продемонстрировала необходимость навыков межкультурной коммуникации, таких как быстрота реакции и восприятия, коммуникабельность, дипломатичность и стрессоустойчивость.

Мною была проявлена высокая организованность, я строго выполняла положения внутреннего распорядка, установленного на предприятии, а также соблюдала трудовую дисциплину.

За время прохождения практики я приобрела качества, необходимые для работы с текстами, такие как ответственность и пунктуальность.

Conclusion
The purpose of professional practice was the formation and development of professional knowledge, skills and abilities in the field of translation activities.

During the practice I showed a high level of practical training, the ability to apply and use the knowledge received during such disciplines as "Business foreign language and business correspondence", "Theory and practice of translation", "Lexicology", "Stylistics of speech", "Practice of oral and written speech of a foreign language" to solve the tasks put before me.

Translation practice helped me gain invaluable experience in both oral and written translation.

Written practice helped me expand my vocabulary, develop skills in working with information resources and special literature, improve my knowledge of terminology in various fields, and express my thoughts correctly and logically in writing.

The oral practice showed how responsible, difficult and interesting the interpreter's work is, and once again demonstrated the necessity of intercultural communication skills such as quick reaction and perception, communicativeness, diplomacy and stress-resistance.

I was highly organized and strictly followed the internal regulations of the company as well as work discipline.

During the internship I acquired the qualities necessary to work with texts, such as responsibility and punctuality.

Список литературы и использованных источников

1. 
   Гараева М.Р., Гиниятуллина А.Ю. Учебное пособие «Переводческий анализ текста. Translation analysis», Казань, 2016;
   
2. 
   “Wikipedia”, для поиска эквивалентных соответствий - https://www.wikipedia.org/ ;
   
3. 
   Державина В.А. , Д36 Анлийский язык. Полная грамматика / В.А. Державина, - Москва: Издательство АСТ, 2018. - 320 с. - (Полный курс).
   
4. 
   Яндекс Переводчик – онлайн - переводчик [Электронный ресурс]. - Режим доступа: https://translate.yandex.by/?utm_source=wizard. ;
   
5. 
   Словарь для определения неологизмов, профессионализмов, жаргонизмов, варваризмов, сленга, различных терминов - https://dic.academic.ru/ ;
   
6. 
   Бреус Е.В. Основы теории и практики перевода с русского языка на английский. М.: У РАО, 1998. ;
   
7. 
   Левицкая Т.Р., Фитерман A.M. Теория и практика перевода с английского языка на русский. М., 1990.
   
8. 
   Google Переводчик – онлайн переводчик https://translate.google.kz/
   

---

9. 
   PROMT.One – онлайн переводчик-словарь https://www.translate.ru
   

10. 
    DeepL – онлайн переводчик https://www.deepl.com/ru/translator 
    

11. 
    Bing Microsoft Translator - онлайн переводчик https://www.bing.com/translator 
    

12. 
    Cambridge Dictionary – онлайн словарь https://dictionary.cambridge.org/ru/
    

13. 
    WordHunt – онлайн словарь https://wooordhunt.ru/dic/content/en_ru
    

14. 
    Multitran – онлайн словарь https://www.multitran.com/m.exe?l1=1&l2=2
    

15. 
    Urban Dictionary – онлайн словарь https://www.urbandictionary.com/ 
    

16. 
    «Самый лучший самоучитель английского языка» - Петрова А.В. 
    

17. 
    «Практическая грамматика английского языка» – К.Н. Качалова, .Е. Изралевич
    

18. 
    «Advanced Grammar in Use» - Martin Hewings
    

19. 
    «Нескучная английская грамматика» – Олег Дьяконов
    

20. 
    «Английский язык. Грамматика. Сборник упражнений.» - Голицынский Ю.Б.
    

21. 
    «Английский язык / Upgrade your English Grammar» - Макарова Е.В., Пархамович Т.В.
    

22. 
    «English Grammar. Уникальный курс эффективного и быстрого изучения английской грамматики.» -  Некрасова Е.В.
    

23. 
    «Language Practice for Advanced» - Vince Michael
    

Приложение А
Education in USA
The system of education in the United States is rather complicated. It is exposed to the constant changes of federal policies, adaptation to various social needs, and the emergence of new pedagogical methods.

In most schools, it is divided into three levels: elementary school – grades 1 to 5, middle school — grades 6 to 8, high school — grades 9 to 12.

This 12-year system is called “K-12”. K-12 stands for the grades for students of various age groups from the kindergarten age (5 years old) to the 12th grade age (18 years old).

There are three types of schools in the United States: public, private, and home schools. Public schooling is financed by federal, state, and local authorities. Parents do not pay for their children’s education. Private schools have a right to choose their curriculum and establish their policies. This kind of education is not free of charge. Homeschooling addresses the needs of parents who do not want their children to attend regular schools for certain reasons. Among home school students are children with special needs and children whose parents support non-traditional methods of learning. There are also young athletes and celebrities whose tight schedule do not leave them enough time for going to school. About 3% of children are homeschooled in the USA.

The necessary standards of education in the United States are set by state governments. As a rule, the key requirement for American students is to pass obligatory standardized tests developed for the K-12 schooling system.

After high school, children have several options. First, they can choose a 4-year college or university program and get the education for the selected professional career. Second, children can choose a 2-year program in college and get prepared for their future career choice. Third, high school graduates can enter a vocational school and learn a trade to have an opportunity to be employed in a specific field of occupation such as design, baking or carpentry. Fourth, graduates of high schools can choose to serve in the US armed forces.

Fifth, if children are not ready to continue their education, they can have a gap year. Most kids prefer to spend this time exploring their life preferences and individual interests through active involvement in various jobs, internships, volunteering work, or traveling.

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Saint Valentine’s Day
St. Valentine’s Day is an important romantic holiday for millions of Christian people of all ages, races, and nationalities. It’s a celebration of love observed annually on February 14. Everyone in love has a chance to express their feelings and give presents to the ones they are attached to. People express their feelings in the form of sophisticated Valentine’s cards.

These lovely valentines are recognized as the true symbol of the holiday. They contain passionate messages for the ones who are called sweeties, honeys, and darlings. The picture of Cupid and small red hearts create positive emotions. Birds are another symbol of the holiday.

The history of St. Valentine’s Day is rather dark and sad. In ancient Rome, many men had no desire to become soldiers. Emperor Claudius II ordered the execution of many males because of their strong attachments to women that prevented them from performing their military duties. Valentine was a priest, he secretly performed weddings for the couples who we not allowed to be married. The Emperor did not like it and the priest was executed.

The Catholic Church honored the martyrdom of the priest Valentine with the observance of this religious holiday. There are many other stories and legends about him.

Today, St. Valentine’s Day is popular in many countries. People give chocolates, fresh roses, and other gifts to their loved ones, including friends, and family members. They share heart-warming messages with one another to show their deep love and respect. Loving couples are excited about having fun together. They decorate their homes and organize romantic dinners. Usually, party arrangements are made in advance. In different countries, these celebrations are different, because they incorporate the local customs and traditions.
Niagara Falls
Niagara Falls is one of the world’s leading tourist attractions. Millions of people around the world visit here each year. Summers at the Falls are especially busy, with traffic jams and parking problems. However, the Falls are beautiful in winter too.

Many have asked why people travel so far to see water falling over a cliff. The size and beauty of Niagara Falls help to make it special. While many falls are higher than Niagara, very few are as wide or have such a volume of water. It also helps that Niagara is relatively easy to travel to.

When the first Europeans came to Niagara, the Falls were surrounded by forest. The noise of the Falls could be heard miles away, before they were actually seen. The first visitors were filled with horror at the sight.

Later, fear ceased to be the main emotion inspired by the Falls. Later, visitors were impressed by the beauty and grandeur of the Falls, which overwhelmed them with wonder.

By the 1830s, people were able to come to the Falls by railway. As more and more people came, the tourist industry developed. Early tourism was not well regulated, and there were many complaints about cheats and swindles. Today, there are similar complaints about tourist junk and high prices.

The majority of tourists stay on the Canadian side. There are two falls, separated by an island. Since the Niagara River forms the boundary here between Canada and the United States, each country has one of the falls. The Canadian Horseshoe Falls is wider and more impressive than the American Rainbow Falls. About nine times more water goes over the Canadian Falls. Nonetheless, there is much to be seen on the American side. The island in the middle, Goat Island, is one of the best places to view the falls and rapids. It is on the American side.
Newly married couples began coming to Niagara Falls when it was still a secluded, peaceful and romantic spot. It is still popular with newly-weds as a relatively inexpensive and convenient place to spend their honeymoon.

Besides being beautiful, Niagara Falls is also very useful. Their falling water is the power behind several of the largest hydroelectric stations in the world. Much of the electric power used in this part of North America comes from Niagara Falls. In order to harness this power, half of the flow of water is channeled away from the falls during the night, and during the non-tourist season. Probably most visitors don’t notice the difference. Niagara has attracted many kinds of people over the years. Businessmen have come to profit from the tourists.

Daredevils have come to make a name for themselves. Some have gone over the falls in a barrel, while others have walked above the falls on a tightrope. Poets and artists have visited here to capture its beauty. Lovers have come to gaze on its romantic scenery. All of these, and many others, have helped to make Niagara Falls world famous.

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Boston
Jean and her family recently traveled to Boston, Massachusetts, one of America’s oldest colonial cities. Boston is rich in history and local personality. During their visit, Jean and her family appreciated learning about Boston’s role during the American Revolution.

In the city, Jean and her family followed the famous Freedom Trail. This is a 2.5-mile route that tourists can explore in order to visit 16 different historical landmarks located throughout the city. Famous sites on this trail include the Paul Revere House, King’s Chapel, and the Bunker Hill Memorial. Jean and her family received a map to navigate the Freedom Trail. The roads were clearly marked by red lines, and there were signs throughout the city to keep Jean’s family and other tourists from getting lost.

As part of the Freedom Trail, Jean and her family spent a lot of time in Boston’s North End. This is one of the oldest residential neighborhoods in the entire country. Here, Jean and her family were able to visit Boston Harbor, which is the site of the historical Boston Tea Party. This event sent a strong message to the British leading up to the American Revolution.

The end of the Freedom Trail led Jean and her Family to the Boston Common, the oldest urban park in the nation. The park is filled with plenty of lush greenery, but it also serves as a burial ground for heroes of the American Revolution.

Because of their walk along the historical Freedom Trail, Jean and her family left Boston with a thorough understanding of early American history.
Sustainable supermarkets
Many of the major supermarket chains have come under fire with accusations of various unethical acts over the past decade. They’ve wasted tonnes of food, they’ve underpaid their suppliers and they’ve contributed to excessive plastic waste in their packaging, which has had its impact on our environment.

But supermarkets and grocers are starting to sit up and take notice. In response to growing consumer backlash against the huge amounts of plastic waste generated by plastic packaging, some of the largest UK supermarkets have signed up to a pact promising to transform packaging and cut plastic wastage. In a pledge to reuse, recycle or compost all plastic wastage by 2025, supermarkets are now beginning to take some responsibility for the part they play in contributing to the damage to our environment, with one major supermarket announcing their plan to eliminate all plastic packaging in their own-brand products by 2023.

In response to criticisms over food waste, some supermarkets are donating some of their food surplus. However, charities estimate that they are only accessing two per cent of supermarkets’ total food surplus, so this hardly seems to be solving the problem. Some say that supermarkets are simply not doing enough. Most supermarkets operate under a veil of secrecy when asked for exact figures of food wastage, and without more transparency it is hard to come up with a systematic approach to avoiding waste and to redistributing surplus food.

Some smaller companies are now taking matters into their own hands and offering consumers a greener, more environmentally friendly option. Shops like Berlin’s Original Unverpakt and London’s Bulk Market are plastic-free shops that have opened in recent years, encouraging customers to use their own containers or compostable bags. Online grocer Farmdrop eliminates the need for large warehouses and the risk of huge food surplus by delivering fresh produce from local farmers to its customers on a daily basis via electric cars, offering farmers the lion’s share of the retail price.

There is no doubt that we still have a long way to go in reducing food waste and plastic waste. But perhaps the major supermarkets might take inspiration from these smaller grocers and gradually move towards a more sustainable future for us all.
Приложение B
Образование в США
Система образования в Соединенных Штатах довольно сложна. Она подвержена постоянным изменениям федеральной политики, адаптации к различным социальным потребностям и появлению новых педагогических методов.

В большинстве школ она делится на три ступени: начальная школа - с 1 по 5 класс, средняя школа - с 6 по 8 класс, старшая школа - с 9 по 12 класс.

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Эта 12-летняя система называется "К-12". K-12 означает классы для учащихся разных возрастных групп, начиная с детсадовского возраста (5 лет) и заканчивая 12-м классом (18 лет).

В США существует три типа школ: государственные, частные и домашние. Государственное школьное образование финансируется федеральными, государственными и местными властями. Родители не платят за образование своих детей. Частные школы имеют право выбирать учебные программы и устанавливать свою политику. Такое образование не является бесплатным. Домашнее обучение удовлетворяет потребности родителей, которые по определенным причинам не хотят, чтобы их дети посещали обычные школы. Среди учащихся домашних школ есть дети с особыми потребностями и дети, чьи родители поддерживают нетрадиционные методы обучения. Есть также юные спортсмены и знаменитости, чей плотный график не оставляет им достаточно времени для посещения школы. В США около 3% детей обучаются на дому.

Необходимые стандарты образования в США устанавливаются правительствами штатов. Как правило, основным требованием к американским школьникам является прохождение обязательных стандартизированных тестов, разработанных для системы школьного образования К-12.

После окончания средней школы у детей есть несколько вариантов. Во-первых, они могут выбрать 4-летнюю программу колледжа или университета и получить образование для выбранной профессиональной карьеры. Во-вторых, дети могут выбрать двухгодичную программу в колледже и подготовиться к будущему выбору профессии. В-третьих, выпускники средних школ могут поступить в профессионально-техническое училище и получить профессию, чтобы иметь возможность работать по специальности, например, дизайнером, пекарем или плотником. В-четвертых, выпускники средних школ могут выбрать службу в вооруженных силах США.

В-пятых, если дети не готовы продолжать свое образование, они могут провести промежуточный год. Большинство детей предпочитают провести это время, изучая свои жизненные предпочтения и индивидуальные интересы путем активного участия в различных работах, стажировках, волонтерской работе или путешествиях.

День святого Валентина
День святого Валентина - важный романтический праздник для миллионов христиан всех возрастов, рас и национальностей. Это праздник любви, отмечаемый ежегодно 14 февраля. У каждого влюбленного есть возможность выразить свои чувства и сделать подарки тем, к кому он привязан. Люди выражают свои чувства в виде изысканных открыток-валентинок.

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