Файл: Данное учебнометодическое пособие предназначено для учащихся вторых курсов, специализирующихся в области информационных систем и технологий.docx
ВУЗ: Не указан
Категория: Не указан
Дисциплина: Не указана
Добавлен: 10.01.2024
Просмотров: 178
Скачиваний: 2
ВНИМАНИЕ! Если данный файл нарушает Ваши авторские права, то обязательно сообщите нам.
However, there are a few disadvantages associated with messenger services designed for networks as well as instant messaging. Messenger services designed for networks can be exploited by spammers. There are plenty of spam companies that use these services to deliver spam messages to the network users. These spam messages are so well-designed that they may deceive the users to disclose their confidential information or get them engaged in activities that can lead to serious network issues. Another problem with instant messaging service is that reduces productivity. Employees engage themselves in messaging with friends and coworkers throughout the day. Many organizations have banned IM within their office premises. Disabling the messenger service can eliminate this problem. However, companies have to develop replacement for delivering system-wide messages.
Task 1. Answer the questions.
What is a messenger?
Why do people use messengers?
What are the most popular messengers? Which ones do you personally use and why?
What are the drawbacks of messengers?
Task 2. Translate the text in writing.
WhatsApp is a cross-platform instant messaging app for Android, iOS, Windows Phone, and other operating systems, that lets users communicate through text, voice, and images over Wi-Fi or cellular networks. It competes with services like Facebook Messenger, Google Hangouts, iMessage, Line, Viber, KakaoTalk, or Skype.
WhatsApp was created in early 2009 by Ian Koum. His original idea was to give users a way to share statuses like “I am busy” or “At the gym” with people in their network. This is why the app is called “WhatsApp” – Koum chose the name because it sounded like “what’s up”, which was essentially what the app was originally meant to communicate to one’s contacts.
Designing a website
Designing a website can be a complicated and involved project that can draw upon a number of experienced technology and design professionals.
The look and feel of a website is crucial to its success. A badly designed website will damage your brand. Remember, not everyone has a good eye for design, and certainly not many small business owners have this ability – but their friends and colleagues are too polite to say so! The most common mistake first-time website developers make is to produce a visually crowded site. It includes repetitive or dark backgrounds which make the text difficult to read, animations, particularly flashing ones which distract the eye from the copy, and colour selections which clash with each other and do not put the visitor at ease.
The open-ended nature of the web gives companies a new freedom to give more and more detailed information to their customers. The decision therefore changes from ‘what to include’ to ‘where to stop’. You should understand your objectives from the website, and establish your content to meet those objectives. If you wish to include a catalogue of your wares or a customer support, it will be many dozens of pages.
People approach the web differently to how they approach printed documents. If you find that your documents are on to many pages, consider summarising them or breaking them up into several shorter pages. A common way of viewing web pages is ‘Scanning’ – skipping thorough content in search of relevant information. For this reason you should summarise the content at the top, and consider highlighting.
Accurate and current content is a primary concern as outdated information may mislead your customers. Ensure that you plan for regular updating of content.
You should also bear in mind the legal status of any words or images on your site to confirm explicitly that their author permits it.
Exercise 1. Answer the following questions:
-
1. Who needs a website? -
2. Name reasons why people need to create their own website. -
3. What does ‘web friendly’ information mean? -
4. What are common mistakes of website developers who are beginners? -
5. What can be the objectives for a website.
Exercise 3. Write a brief evaluation of the University site. List the good and bad points of the home page. You may refer to these seven points for evaluating.
-
Design -
Navigation -
Ease of use -
Accuracy -
Up to date -
Helpful graphics -
Compatibility
Exercise 4. Fill in the blanks with the words given
| colour doesn’t to (x2) something each reducing scheme make |
-
Try to understand what works visually, and what ________. -
Select a visual style that is appropriate ____ your business and clientele. -
Design your visual style around your site structure, and _____it easy to navigate and find information. -
Remember that colours should complement ____other. -
Website structure is ________ which many inexperienced developers do not devote a significant amount of attention ____. -
Several sites use CAPTCHA filters as a method of _________ spam on comments. -
If the user is getting a headache after visiting your site for 10 consecutive minutes, you probably should pick a better _________ __________.
How internet search engines work
The Internet contains a vast collection of information, which is spread out in every part of the world on remote web servers. The problem in locating the correct information on the internet led to the creation of search technology, known as the internet search engine. A search engine can provide links to relevant information based on your requirement or query. Search engines are designed to help people search on the Web documents for specified keywords. This term is often used to describe systems like Google, Yandex, Bing and Yahoo!
They all perform three basic tasks:
-
They search on the Internet information based on important words. -
They keep an index of the words they find, and where they find them. -
They allow users to look for words or combinations of words found in that index.
Google built its initial system to use multiple spiders, usually three at one time. Each spider could keep about 300 connections to Web pages open at a time. At its peak performance, using four spiders, their system could crawl over 100 pages per second, generating around 600 kilobytes of data each second.
Keeping everything running quickly meant building a system to feed necessary information to the spiders. The early Google system had a server dedicated to providing
URLs to the spiders. Rather than depending on an Internet service provider for the domain name server (DNS) that translates a server's name into an address, Google had its own DNS, in order to keep delays to a minimum.
When the Google spider looked at an HTML page, it took note of two things:
-
The words within the page -
Where the words were found
Words occurring in the title, subtitles, meta tags and other positions of relative importance were noted for special consideration during a subsequent user search. The Google spider was built to index every significant word on a page, leaving out the articles "a," "an" and "the." Other spiders take different approaches.
These different approaches usually attempt to make the spider operate faster, allow users to search more efficiently, or both. For example, some spiders will keep track of the words in the title, sub-headings and links, along with the 100 most frequently used words on the page and each word in the first 20 lines of text. Lycos is said to use this approach to spidering the Web.
Other systems, such as AltaVista, go in the other direction, indexing every single word on a page, including "a," "an," "the" and other "insignificant" words.
Exercise 1. Answer the questions
-
What are the basic tasks for search engines? -
Do numbers of spiders influence sustainability of the service? -
Why did Google prefer to have its own DNS? -
Which indexing approaches are mentioned above?
Exercise 2. Fill in the gaps
| key page meta tags (Х2) search engine (Х2) spiders page content |
Meta tags allow the owner of a page to specify _____words and concepts under which the page will be indexed.
This can be helpful, especially in cases in which the words on the ______ might have double or triple meanings — the _____ ________can guide the ________ ________ in choosing which of the several possible meanings for these words is correct.
There is, however, a danger in over-reliance on _______ _______, because a careless or unscrupulous page owner might add meta tags that fit very popular topics but have nothing to do with the actual contents of the page.
To protect against this, ________ will correlate meta tags with _______ ________, rejecting the meta tags that don't match the words on the page.
Many times, the page's owner doesn't want it showing up on a major ______ _______, or doesn't want the activity of a spider accessing the page.
Exercise 3. Translate into English
-
Как заставить паука работать быстрее? -
Говорят, что наш коллега уже использует этот подход в течение года. -
Мы пытаемся исправлять метатеги, встречающиеся в результатах поиска. -
Мы далеко не удовлетворены результатом 100 страниц в секунду. -
Все ли поисковики различают значимые и незначимые слова?
Exercise 4. Match two parts of the sentences
| In other words, there would be no way of building the ranking list | with increasing values assigned to words as they appear near the top of the document, in sub-headings, in links, in the meta tags or in the title of the page. |
| A search engine could just store the word and the URL | the search engine must store the information in a way that makes it useful. |
| There are two key components involved | in making the gathered data accessible to users: |
| Once the spiders have completed the task of finding information on Web pages, | where it was found. |
| The engine might assign a weight to each entry, | that tries to present the most useful pages at the top of the list of search results. |
Exercise 5. Google posted a call for applications. To get a grant, you need to develop additional functionality to Google search results.