МИНИСТЕРСТВО НАУКИ И ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования

«Тольяттинский государственный университет»

Тольяттинский государственный университет

(наименование института полностью)

Институт химии и энергетики

(Наименование учебного структурного подразделения)

13.03.02

(код и наименование направления подготовки / специальности)

Энергетика и электротехника

(направленность (профиль) / специализация)

Практическое задание №_2__

по учебному курсу « Иностранный язык »

^{(наименование учебного курса)}

Вариант ____ (при наличии)

Обучающегося	Казаков Д.В.
	(И.О. Фамилия)
Группа	ЭЭТб-2201а
Преподаватель	Михайлина О.Н.
	(И.О. Фамилия)

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Part A Grammar focus

Present Simple and Present Continuous

Present Simple is used:	Present Continuous is used:
for permanent situations. She works in an office.	for temporary situations. He's staying with some friends at the moment.
for repeated actions in the present, especially with adverbs of frequency. He often buys her flowers.	for actions happening at or around the time of speaking. He's looking for a new job at the moment.
for facts which are permanently true. The sun sets in the west.	3.with always to express annoyance or criticism. He's always telling lies!
4.for timetables or programmes. The lesson starts at 10 o'clock.	4.for fixed arrangements in the near future. I'm flying to London tomorrow. (It's all arranged. I've already bought the tickets. The time of the action is always stated or understood.)
Time expressions used with Present Simple:	Time expressions used with Present Continuous:
usually, always, never, often, sometimes, every day/week/month/year etc.	now, at the moment, at present, always, tonight etc.
Adverbs of frequency (often, always, usually, sometimes etc.) are placed before main verbs but after auxiliary / modal verbs (be, nave, can, will, must, shall etc.). He often goes to the theatre. He is never late.	Some verbs appear rarely in continuous tenses. They express a permanent state: appear (=seem), be, believe, belong, cost, feel, forget, hate, have (=possess), know, like, love, mean, prefer, realize, remember, see, smell, seem, sound, suppose, taste, think, understand, want etc. I understand (NOT am understanding)it now.

Exercise 1. Fill in with Present Simple or Present Continuous.

1. 
   Excuse me. Do you speak (you/speak) English?
   
2. 
   “Where is Tom?” “____he is having___ (he/have) a shower”.
   
3. 
   __I don’t watch_____ (I/not/watch) television very often.
   
4. 
   Listen! Somebody ____is singing___ (sing).
   
5. 
   Sandra is tired. ___she wants____ (she/want) to go home now.
   
6. 
   How often ___do you read____ (you read) a newspaper?
   
7. 
   “Excuse me but __are sitting_____ (you/sit) in my place”. “Oh, I’m sorry”.
   
8. 
   It’s late. ___I am going____ (I/go) home now. 9) ___Do you come____ (you/come) with me?
   

10. 
    What time __does your father finish_____ (your father/finish) work in the evenings?
    
11. 
    You can turn off the radio. ____I am not listening___ (I/not/listen) to it.
    
12. 
    “Where is Paul?” “In the kitchen. __he is cooking_____ (he/cook) something”.
    
13. 
    Martin ____does not usually drive___ (not/usually/drive) to work. 14) He ___usually walks____ (usually walk).
    

15) Sue __does not like_____ (not/like) coffee. 16) She ___prefers tea____ (prefer/tea).)

Exercise 2. Complete these sentences using Present Simple or Present Continuous. Use the verb given in brackets.

1. 
   My sister ____is waits___ (wait) patiently for her exam results.
   
2. 
   We __do not travel_____ (not travel) by train very often.
   
3. 
   I ___consider____ (consider) accepting that job in Crete.
   
4. 
   The film ___is ending____ (end) with a dramatic car chase.
   
5. 
   I'm sorry, I __am feeling_____ (feel) too tired to go out this evening.
   
6. 
   We ___are having____ (have) a great time here in London.
   
7. 
   ___are____ you ____seeing___ (see) much of your brother these days?
   
8. 
   We ___rely____ (rely) on you to bring the keys with you.
   
9. 
   I ___wish____ (wish) people didn't smoke in restaurants.
   
10. 
    Who ___do____ you ____think___ (think) you are, speaking to me like that!
    

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Exercise 3. Put in the correct tense (Present Simple or Present Continuous).

1. 
   Vegetarians are people who (don't eat /are not eating) meat.
   
2. 
   Look out! My husband (comes/is coming).
   
3. 
   Some people still think the sun (goes/is going) round the earth.
   
4. 
   I (play/I'm playing) tennis every weekend.
   
5. 
   Who (sits/'s sitting) in my chair?
   
6. 
   What (happens/is happening) in golf if you lose the ball?
   
7. 
   An alcoholic is a person who (drinks/is drinking) too much and can't stop.
   
8. 
   Look! (She wears/She's wearing) the same shoes as me.
   
9. 
   “What (are you looking/do you look) at?” “A strange bird”.
   
10. 
    I (stay/I'm staying) with John for a few weeks until my flat's ready.
    
11. 
    We (usually stay/'re usually staying) with Peggy when we go to Chicago.
    
12. 
    Can you explain why water always (runs/is running) downhill?
    
13. 
    What (do you do/are you doing) with my coat?
    
14. 
    Nobody (gets/is getting) up early for fun.
    
15. 
    Not many passenger planes (fly/are flying) faster than sound.
    

Exercise 4. Put the verb into the correct form, Present Continuous or Present Simple.

1. 
   I ___do not belong____ (not/belong) to a political party.
   
2. 
   Hurry! The bus __is comming_____ (come), __do not want_____ (not/want) to miss it.
   
3. 
   The River Nile ___flows____ (flow) into the Mediterranean.
   
4. 
   The river ___is flowing____ (flow) very fast today – much faster than usual.
   
5. 
   ____Does is never snow___ (it/ever/snow) in India?
   
6. 
   We usually ____grow___ (grow) vegetables in our garden but this year we ___are not growing____ (not/grow) any.
   
7. 
   A: Can you drive?
   
8. 
   B: No, but I ___am learing____ (learn). My father ___teaches____ (teach) me.
   
9. 
   You can borrow my umbrella. I ___am do not need____ (not/need) it at the moment.
   
10. 
    (at a party) I usually ___enjoy____ (enjoy) parties but I __am not enjoying_____ (not/enjoy) this one very much.
    
11. 
    George says he's 80 years old but I ___am do not believe____ (not/believe) him.
    
12. 
    Ron is in London at the moment. He ___is staying____ (stay) at the Hilton Hotel.
    
13. 
    He usually ___stays____ (stay) at the Hilton Hotel when he's in London.
    

Past Simple and Present Perfect

Past Simple: verb + ed	Present Perfect: have + past participle
Past Simple is used:	Present Perfect is used:
for actions which happened at a stated time in the past. He sold his car two weeks ago. (When? Two weeks ago.)	for actions which happened at an unstated time in the past. He has sold his car. (When? We don't know.)
to express a past state or habit. When she was young she lived in a small flat.	to express actions which have finished so recently that there's evidence in the present. He has just painted the room. (The paint is wet.)
for past actions which happened one after the other. She put on her coat, took her bag and left the house.	for actions which started in the past and continue up to the present. She has lived in this house for two years. (She still lives in this house.) BUT: He lived in Australia for one year. (He doesn't live in Australia now.)
for a past action whose time is not mentioned and it is not connected with the present. I saw Elvis Presley. (I won't see him again; he's dead. – period of time now finished)	for a past action whose time is not mentioned but it is connected with the present. I've met Madonna. (I may meet her again; she's still alive. – period of time not finished yet)
Time adverbs and expressions used with Past Simple:	Time adverbs and expressions used with Present Perfect:
yesterday, last week/month/year/ Monday etc, ago, how long ago, just now, then, when, in 1980 etc.	just, ever, never, always, already, yet, for, since, so far, how long, recently, today, this week/month/year, once, several times etc.
Special points for Past Simple and Present Perfect:
Since is used to express a starting point. For is used to express a period of time. Yet is used in questions and negations. Already is used in statements and questions. Just + Present Perfect Just now+ Past Simple	I've known Ann since October. I've known Ann for two months. Have you met him yet? I haven't met him yet. I've already posted the letters. I've just called the doctor. He left just now.

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Exercise 5. Put the verbs in brackets into Present Perfect or Past Simple.

1. 
   A): How long 1) have you had (you / have) your car?
   

B): I 2) __have had_____ (have) it since Christmas. I 3) ___bought____ (buy) it from my uncle.

2. A): 4) __have you see_____ (you /see) that film before?

B): Yes, I 5) ___saw____ (see) it when I 6) ___was____ (be) in London.

3. A): How long 7) ___have you been____ (you/be) ill?

B): I 8) ___have been____ (be) ill since I 9) ___ate____ (eat) that meal.

4. A): When 10) __did Ann move_____ (Ann / move) into her new house?

В): She 11) ___moved____ (move) in a month ago. I 12) _have not visited______ (not / visit) her yet, but I 13) ___have arranged____ (arrange) to meet her this week.

Exercise 6. Fill in Past Simple or Present Perfect.

My best friend is called Alison. We 1) have known (know) each other since we 2) ___have known__were__ (be) five years old. We 3) ___always shared____ (always / share) our problems and our troubles, but we 4) ___also enjoyed____ (also/enjoy) good times together and 5) ___spent____ (spend) many hours laughing together. We 6) ___lived____ (live) next door to each other before Alison 7) ___moved____ (move) to London. I 8) ____have visited___ (visit) her many times since then. She 9) __has just bought_____ (just / buy) a new house but I 10) __have not seen_____ (not/see) it yet.

Exercise 7. Put the verbs in brackets into Past Simple or Present Perfect.

1. 
   A: Last night I saw (see) "The Bodyguard" at the cinema.
   

B: Oh, I 1) ___have already seen____ (already / see) it twice.

2. 
   A: Do you know that Mrs Jones 2) ___has wored____ (work) here for sixteen years?
   

B: I thought she 3) __started_____ (start) working here ten years ago.

3. 
   A: 4) ___have you ever met____ (you / ever / meet) anyone famous?
   

B: Well, I 5) ___seen____ (see) Jane Fonda.

A: Really? I 6) ___met____ (meet) her father, Henry Fonda, once. But he is dead now.

4. 
   A: Yesterday I 7) ___left____ (leave) the house and 8) ___caught____ (catch) the train. Then I 9) ___realized____ (realise) that my keys 10) __were_____ (be) in the house.
   

B: Oh no! That 11) ___has happened____ (happen) to me before. What 12) ___did you do____ (you/do)?

A: I 13) ____called___ (call) the locksmith.

5. 
   A: I 14) ___have already made____ (already / make) the beds and I 15) ____have just swept___ (just/sweep) the floor, but I 16) _have not started______ (not/start) the ironing yet.
   

B: Don't worry. I 17) ____did___ (do) it yesterday.

6. 
   A: How long ago 18) __did you begin_____ (you /begin) painting?
   

B: Ten years ago. I 19) ___have recently completed____ (recently / complete) a painting that the National Gallery 20) __asked_____ (ask) me to do a year ago.

7. A: Why are you so happy?

B: I 21) ___have just passed____ (just/pass) my driving test!

8. 
   A: 22) ___Have you always had____ (you /always/ have) long hair, Julie?
   

B: No, when I was young my hair 23) __was_____ (be) very short.

8. 
   А: On Monday my father 24) __gave_____ (give) me £20.
   

B: That's wonderful!

A: No it isn't. I 25) ___have already spent____ (already / spend) it.

8. 
   А: What 26) ___happened____ (happen)? Why is the room full of smoke?
   

В: I 27) ___just cooked____ (just/cook) your dinner, dear.

A: Well, I'm not that hungry.

The Passive

The passive is formed with the appropriate tense of the verb to be + past participle
	Active Voice		Passive Voice
Present Simple	He delivers letters.		Letters are delivered.
Past Simple	He delivered the letters.		The letters were delivered.
Present Perfect	He has delivered the letters.		The letters have been delivered.
Future Simple	He will deliver the letters.		The letters will be delivered.
Past Perfect	He had delivered the letters.		The letters had been delivered.
Present Continuous	He is delivering the letters.		The letters are being delivered.
Past Continuous	He was delivering the letters.		The letters were being delivered.
Infinitive	He has to deliver the letters.		The letters have to be delivered.
Modals (modal + be + past participle)	He may deliver the letters. Hemust deliver the letters.		The letters may be delivered. The letters must be delivered.
The Passive is used:
when the agent (= the person who does the action) is unknown, unimportant or obvious from fie context. Jane was shot. (We don't know who shot her.) This church was built in 1815. (unimportant agent) He has been arrested. (obviously by the police)		when the action is more important than the agent, as in processes, instructions, events, reports, headlines, news items, and advertisements. 30 people were killed in the earthquake.
to make more polite or formal statements. The car hasn't been cleaned. (more polite) You haven’t cleaned the car. (less polite)		to put emphasis on the agent. The new library will be opened by the Queen.

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Changing from Active into Passive.

The object of the active verb becomes the subject in the new sentence.

e.g. Picasso painted that picture.

The active verb changes into a passive form and the subject of the active verb becomes the agent. The agent is introduced with by or it is omitted.

e.g. That picture was painted by Picasso.

After modal verbs (will, can, must, have to, should, may, ought to) we use be + past participle.

e.g. You can use the machine for cutting bread.

e.g. The machine can be used for cutting bread.

With verbs taking two objects it is more usual to begin the passive sentence with the person.

e.g. I sent her some roses.

e.g. She was sent some roses. (more usual) or Some roses were sent to her. (less usual)

We put the agent (= the person who does the action) into the passive sentence only if it adds information. When the agent is unknown, unimportant or obvious it is omitted. Agents such as people (in general), they, somebody etc. are omitted.

e.g. Bell invented the telephone.

e.g. The telephone was invented by Bell. (The agent is not omitted because it adds information.)

e.g. Somebody murdered him.

e.g. He was murdered (by somebody). (unknown agent is omitted.)

e.g. The police arrested him.

e.g. He was arrested (by the police). (obvious agent is omitted.)

Exercise 8. Put the verbs in brackets into Past Simple Passive.

Two men 1) were seen (see) breaking into a house in my street last night. The police 2) ____were called___ (call) and they arrived very quickly. One man 3) ____was caught___ (catch) immediately. The other escaped, but he 4) __was found_____ (find) very soon. Both men 5) ___were taken____ (take) to the police station where they 6) ___were question____ (question) separately by a police officer. The two men 7) __were charged_____ (charge) with burglary.

Exercise 9. Turn from Active into Passive.

1. The gardener has planted some trees. - Some trees have been planted by the gardener.

2. Doctor Brown will give you some advice. - Some advice will be given to you by the doctor Brown.

3. A famous designer will redecorate the hotel.  - The hotel will be redecorated by the famous designer.

4. Steven Spielberg directed "E.T.". - "E.T." was directed by Steven Spielberg.

Exercise 10. Turn from Active into Passive.

1. Columbus discovered America.  - America was discovered by Columbus.

2. We keep money in a safe. - Money is kept in a safe.

3. A bee stung her. - She was stung by a bee.

4. They speak Italian in Italy. - Italian is spoken in Italy.

5. They have taken his aunt to hospital. - His aunt has been taken to hospital.

6. The boys damaged the television. - The television was damaged by the boys.

7. Da Vinci painted the Mona Lisa. - The television was damaged by the boys.

8. He invited 30 people to his party.  - Thirty people were invited to his party.

9. They grow bananas in Africa. - The bananas are grown in Africa.

Exercise 11. Turn from Active into Passive.

1. 
   Someone is helping her with the housework.
   

e.g. She is being helped with the housework.

2. A pickpocket robbed me. - I was robbed by a pickpocket.

3. You must extinguish your cigarettes. - Your cigarettes must be extinguished by you.

4. The mail-order company sent Mrs Green a parcel. - MrsGreen was sent a parcel by the mail-order company.

5. You must dry-clean this shirt. - This shirt must be dry-cleaned by you.

6. Someone will pay you within the next few days. - 

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