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G R A M M A R 27 PHRASAL VERBS 2
7Choose the best meaning for the words in italics. Note that some of the phrasal verbs have a different meaning to the one given in the Explanations section.
a) |
At half past six, the alarm clock went off. |
B. |
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A) exploded B) rang C) disappeared |
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b) |
Jim is very good at taking off his teacher |
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A) flying with his teacher B) getting rid of his teacher |
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C)imitating his teacher
c)Please don't bring up that subject again!
A) start shouting about it |
B) mention it C) talk about it for hours on end |
d) There is one small matter I would like to clear up |
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A) find an explanation for |
B) make clean and tidy |
C)get rid of once and for all
e)Jean is really good at picking up languages
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A) choosing languages |
B) learning languages by being in a country |
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C) learning languages by heart |
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f) All my old clothes need taking up |
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A) taking to the cleaners |
B) to be replaced |
C) to be made shorter |
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g) The whole cost of the equipment works out at £450 |
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A) comes to B) can be reduced to C) will involve an extra |
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h) Jackie broke down and everyone felt sorry for her |
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A) injured herself B) caused an accident |
C) started crying |
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Key p o i n t s |
1 |
Check any new phrasal verb in a dictionary, to see how it is used. |
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2 |
Remember that many phrasal verbs have more than one meaning. |
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3 |
Phrasal verbs are common in spoken and informal written language. |
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Explanations
•Verbs followed by -ing or a noun
Some verbs can be followed either by another verb in an -ing form or a noun.
Try to avoid walking as much |
as possible. |
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I managed to avoid an argument. |
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Verbs in this list include: |
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avoid, be worth, dislike, enjoy, fancy, help, keep, mind, miss, practise, risk, |
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can't stand |
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It's not worth waiting for a bus |
at |
this time of day. |
I dislike having to get up early. |
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Do you enjoy meeting people from |
other countries? |
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I don't fancy going out this evening.
George can't help laughing when he sees you!
I wish you wouldn't |
keep interrupting. |
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I don't mind helping you do the washing-up. |
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Jane misses going for long country walks. |
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You should practise |
introducing yourself. |
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We can't risk starting a |
fire in the forest. |
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I can't stand going |
to |
office parties. |
- Verbs followed by -ing, or a noun, or a that-clause
Some verbs can be followed either by another verb in an -ing form, or a noun, or a that-clause.
Jack admitted stealing the money.
When accused of stealing the money, Jack admitted it.
Jack admitted that he had stolen the money.
Verbs in this list include:
admit, consider, deny, imagine, recollect, report, suggest |
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Have you considered taking up jogging? |
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You must consider that Jim has never driven abroad before. |
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Peter denied stealing the money. |
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Can you imagine living in California? |
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I don't recollect meeting you |
before. |
Suddenly I recollected that I |
had another appointment. |
Helen reported losing her watch |
to the director. |
1 suggested going to the beach. |
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I suggested that we went to the |
beach. |
G R A M M A R 28 VERBS F O L L O W E D BY - ING OR I N F I N I T I V E
•Verbs followed by -ing or infinitive: little change of meaning
Some verbs can be followed either by an -ing form or an infinitive and there is little or no change in meaning. Verbs in this list include:
attempt, begin, continue, dread, not bear, hate, intend, like, love, prefer, start I attempted to leave/leaving but the police stopped me.
The forms would like, would love and would prefer are followed by an infinitive.
I'd like to come to your party, but I'll be away then.
Like to can have its normal meaning of something that gives pleasure. But it has a second meaning which is to talk about a habitual action, whether or not it gives us pleasure.
On Sundays I like to get up early and go for a swim.
•Verbs followed by -ing or infinitive: change of meaning
Some verbs can be followed either by an -ing form, or by the infinitive, and there is a change in meaning. Study the examples below carefully and check more examples in a dictionary.
forget and remember
We use forget/remember doing for memories of the past (the action happens
before the remembering). We use forget/remember to do for actions someone is/was supposed to do (the remembering happens before the action).
/ won't forget meeting you. |
(meet —• forget) |
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/ forgot that I had invited ten people to lunch. |
(invite -» |
forget) |
/ forgot to buy any coffee. |
(forget -> buy) |
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J won't forget to go there. |
(forget -» |
go) |
I remember locking the door. |
(lock —• remember) |
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/ remembered that I had left my keys behind. |
(leave - |
remember) |
Please remember to lock the door. |
(remember -» lock) |
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go on
We use go on doing when we continue doing something. We use go on to do
when we move on to do something else. |
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Diana went on working all night. |
(did the same thing) |
The director went on to say that the strike was |
over. (did something else) |
mean
We use mean doing when one thing results in or involves another. We use
mean to do to express an intention. |
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This |
means leaving at 6.00. |
(involves) |
This |
means that we will have to leave at 6.00! |
(has a result) |
/ meant to phone you but I forgot. |
(intended) |
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165
FIRST CERTIFICATE LANGUAGE PRACTICE
regret
We use regret doing when we are sorry about something that happened in the past.
Kate regretted not buying the house.
Kate regretted that she hadn't bought the house.
We use regret to inform/to tell when we are giving bad news. This use is formal.
/ regret to tell you that you have failed.
stop
We use stop doing when we end an action. We use stop to do when we give the
reason for stopping. |
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I stopped going to evening classes. |
(gave up going) |
/ stopped to buy some coffee. |
(in order to buy) |
try
We use try doing when we do something and see what happens. We use try to do when we make an effort to do something, but don't necessarily succeed.
Why don't you try getting up early? |
(suggesting an action) |
/ tried to get up early, hut I couldn't. |
(try and fail) |
•Verbs followed by the infinitive
Some verbs can only be followed by the infinitive. These include:
afford, appear, ask, choose, fail, happen, help, long, manage, offer, prepare, refuse, tend, wait, want
I can't afford to go on holiday abroad this year.
The car appears to have broken down.
David asked |
me to give this to you. |
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I chose not to go to university. |
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Gerry failed |
to |
arrive on time. |
I happened |
to |
be passing so I dropped in. |
•Verbs followed by the infinitive, or a that-clause
Some verbs can be followed by the infinitive or a that-clause. These include: agree, arrange, decide, demand, desire, expect, hope, intend, learn, plan, pretend, promise, seem, threaten, wish
Tom agreed to meet us outside the cinema.
Tom agreed that he would meet us outside the cinema.
We arranged that we would leave at 5.30.
John decided to take the bus.
John decided that he would take the bus.
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