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G R A M M A R 28 VERBS F O L L O W E D BY INC OR I N F I N I T I V E
•Verbs followed by -ing, or infinitive without to
Some verbs can be followed by an object + -ing, or an infinitive without to.
There is a change in meaning. These verbs are sometimes called 'verbs of
perception' and include:
feel, hear, listen to, notice, see, watch
If we see or hear only part of the action, or it continues, we use the -ing form. If we see or hear the whole action from beginning to end, we use the infinitive without to. Compare:
/ felt |
the |
train |
moving. |
(continuing action) |
/ felt |
the |
train |
move. |
(one completed action) |
Some of these verbs can be used with a that clause with a change of
meaning. |
|
/ feel that you should look for another job. |
(believe) |
I've just heard that the match is off. |
(receive news) |
See that you lock up when you leave. |
(make sure) |
167
FIRST CERTIFICATE LANGUAGE PRACTICE
Complete each sentence with a suitable form of the verb in brackets.
a) |
I really miss (play) |
playing |
tennis like I used to. |
b) |
I'm sorry. I meant (write) |
|
to you, but I've been busy. |
c) |
Martin failed (pay) |
|
the rent on time yet again. |
d) |
It's not worth (buy) |
|
a return ticket. |
e) |
Have you ever considered (work) |
as a teacher? |
|
f) |
I promise I won't forget (feed) |
the cat. |
|
g) |
We've arranged (meet) |
|
outside the school at 4.30. |
h) |
If you've got a headache, try (take) |
an aspirin. |
2Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given.
a)Jack said that he hadn't cheated in the exam. cheating
Jack |
denied |
cheating |
in the exam. |
b)It was difficult for me not to laugh at Wendy's letter. help
I |
at Wendy's letter. |
c)I'm sorry but you have not been appointed to the post. regret
I |
you have not been appointed to the post. |
d)I needed a drink of water and so I stopped running. to
I stopped running |
water. |
e)I think it would be a good idea to take the train. taking
|
I |
the train. |
f) |
Don't forget the lights when you leave. |
|
|
off |
|
|
Don't forget |
when you leave. |
g) |
I think Derek has forgotten the meeting. |
|
|
appears |
|
|
Derek |
the meeting. |
h) |
My neighbour said he would call the police! |
|
|
threatened |
|
|
My neighbour |
the police. |
168
G R A M M A R 28 VERBS F O L L O W E D BY -ING OR I N F I N I T I V E
3 Complete each sentence with a suitable form of the verb in brackets.
a) |
Pauline couldn't manage (eat) |
to |
eat |
all the ice cream. |
b) |
I've decided (not sell) |
|
my bike |
after all. |
c) |
A witness reported (see) |
|
Terry at the scene of the crime. |
|
d) William pretended (not notice) |
|
|
the 'No Parking' sign. |
|
e) |
I suppose I tend (buy) |
|
more books than I used to. |
|
f) |
Sometimes I regret (move) |
|
to this part of the country. |
|
g) |
Did you notice anyone (wait) |
|
|
outside when you left? |
h) |
Mark expects (finish) |
|
work round about 6.00. |
4 Complete each sentence with a suitable form of one of the verbs in brackets.
a) |
Mary was so angry that she |
demanded.. |
to see the manager. |
|
(demand, hope, risk, stop) |
|
|
b) |
The weather is so awful that I don't |
going out this |
|
|
evening. |
|
|
|
(fancy, like, try, want) |
|
|
|
|
c) |
The children could hardly |
to leave their pets behind. |
||
|
|
|
(bear, forget, regret, seem) |
|
||
|
|
d) John |
|
to let his children go to the concert. |
||
|
|
|
(afford, |
avoid, |
refuse, stop) |
|
|
|
e) |
If I give you the information, I |
losing my job! |
||
|
|
|
(expect, mean, |
prepare, risk) |
|
|
|
|
f) |
What do you |
|
to be doing in ten years time? |
|
|
|
|
(begin, |
expect, |
remember, suggest) |
|
|
|
g) |
Do you |
|
to tell the police about the missing money? |
|
|
|
|
(admit, |
confess, deny, intend) |
|
|
Key p o i n t s |
l |
Check new verbs in a good dictionary as it will show how they should be used. |
||||
|
2 |
Note that some verbs can be used in different ways with changes of meaning. |
169
Explanations
Prepositions |
• |
About |
following verbs |
|
agree about, argue about, boast about, dream about, know about, laugh about, |
|
|
read about, talk about |
|
• |
At |
|
|
guess at, laugh at, look at |
|
• |
For |
|
|
apply for, arrange for, ask for something, blame someone for, care for, forgive |
|
|
someone for, look for, pay for something, search for, vote for, wait for |
|
- |
In |
|
|
believe in, confide in someone, involve someone in something, specialise in, |
|
|
succeed in, take part in |
|
- |
Of |
|
|
accuse someone of something, (dis)approve of, die of something, dream of, |
|
|
remind someone of something, rob someone of something, smell of, taste of, |
|
|
warn someone of something |
|
• |
On |
|
|
blame something on someone, concentrate on, congratulate someone on |
|
|
something, depend on, insist on, rely on |
|
- |
To |
|
|
add something to, admit to, apologise to someone for something, be accustomed |
|
|
to, be used to, belong to, confess to, explain something to someone, lend |
|
|
something to someone, listen to, object to, reply to, talk to someone about |
|
|
something |
|
• |
With |
|
|
agree with, argue with, begin with, charge someone with a crime, deal with, |
|
|
discuss something with someone, provide someone with something, share |
|
|
something with someone, trust someone with something |
Prepositions |
• |
About |
following |
|
annoyed about, anxious about, certain about, excited about, happy about, |
adjectives |
|
pleased about, right about, sorry about, upset about |
|
• |
At |
|
|
angry at, annoyed at, bad/good at, surprised at |
|
• |
By |
bored by, shocked by, surprised by
G R A M M A R 29 V E R B / A D J E C T I V E + P R E P O S I T I O N
• For
famous for, late for, ready for, sorry for
-From
absent from, different from, safe from
-In
interested in
-Of
afraid of, ashamed of, aware of, capable of, fond of, full of, it is good of you (to do something), jealous of
•On
keen on
-To
grateful to, kind to, married to
-With
angry with, annoyed with, bored with, happy with, pleased with
171
FIRST CERTIFICATE LANGUAGE PRACTICE
1 Put one suitable word in each space.
a) |
A lot of people I know really believe |
in |
ghosts. |
|
b) |
Martin grew to be very fond |
|
his pet snake. |
|
c) |
This bread tastes |
fish! |
|
|
d) |
Everyone was shocked |
|
Susan's strange appearance. |
|
e) |
The company blamed the drop in sales |
the economic situation. |
||
f) |
Brenda decided to discuss her problems |
a psychiatrist. |
||
g) |
When Harry made his speech, everyone laughed |
him. |
||
h) |
Robert has been married |
|
Deborah for over a year. |
|
i) |
You were right after all |
|
the result of the election. |
|
j) |
The woman who lived next door admitted |
the robbery. |
2 Rewrite each sentence beginning as shown. Do not change the meaning.
a) Two men stole the old lady's handbag.
The old lady was robbed of her handbag,
b)John finds photography interesting. John is
c)Helen has a good knowledge of car engines. Helen knows a lot
d)The food in France is famous. France is
e)I'd like to thank your brother for his help. I am very grateful
f)Can you and Stephen share this book, please? Can you share this book
g)I find studying all night rather difficult. I'm not used to
h)Harry feels frightened when he sees a snake. Harry is afraid
i)I'm sorry about breaking your camera.
Please forgive me
j) Peter knows how to draw well. Peter is good