Файл: DENISENKO1.pdf

delighted Bond fans by returning to the role of 007 in the slyly titled «Never Say Never Again» (1983).

Two films in the mid-1980s reestablished him as a major star. He won a British Academy Film Award for his portrayal of a monk turned detective in the film adaptation of Umberto Eco’s «The Name of the Rose» (1986) and followed this with a best supporting actor Oscar for his role as a veteran Chicago cop in pursuit of Al Capone in «The Untouchables» (1987). In Steven Spielberg’s «Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade» (1989), Connery played the title figure's father, and in «The Hunt for Red October» (1990), a defecting Russian submarine captain. Connery's memorable films of the 1990s include «Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves» (1991), «First Knight» (1995), «The Rock» (1996), «Dragonheart» (1996), and «Entrapment» (1999).

Connery received a Kennedy Center Honor for lifetime achievement in 1999 and was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II in 2000.

Notes:

1.a series of odd jobs – ряд случайных заработков (нерегулярная работа);

2.navy – военно-морской флот;

3.notable films – выдающиеся (знаменитые) фильмы;

4.a portrayal of a monk – изображение монаха.

YOU KNOW MY NAME – 007

Date of birth: February 1952 Location: Jamaica

Father: Ian Fleming Hair colour: dark

Favourite food: scrambled eggs, pork

Habits: drinking, smoking, wearing short-sleeved shirts Career: naval Commander

Status: agent of the British Intelligence Service

I think that an eccentric journalist Ian Fleming, if still alive, would be much surprised to learn about the enormous popularity of his book character. Almost half of the century immortal James Bond has been saving the world. The secret service agent with the «simplest, dullest, plainest-sounding name»

131

as Fleming once said, now is a prominent character in video games, comic strips and comic books and has been subjected to many parodies.

This popularity can be explained by two facts. First of all, Ian Fleming should have thanked US President John F. Kennedy who mentioned «From Russia With Love» in a list of his favourite books. Secondly, it is due to cinematography that James Bond has become known worldwide.

From 1962 through 2007, six actors have portrayed James Bond in 21 movies.

Sir Sean Connery is considered to be the most popular James Bond of all times. He has appeared as 007 image in seven films, beginning with «Dr. No» in 1962 and concluding with «Never Say Never Again» in 1983. Ian Fleming, the creator of James Bond, had doubts about the casting, on the ground that the muscular, 6'2» Scotsman was too «unrefined» but the author later changed his mind after «Dr. No» premiered.

In 1967, following the unsatisfying experience of filming «You Only Live Twice», Connery quit the role having grown tired of the repetitive plots and lack of character development.

The producers hired George Lazenby tо take over the role in «On Her Majesty's Secret Service» in 1969. However, the actor backed out of a sevenfilm contract and quit before the film was even released.

Lazenby's performance as James Bond is controversial. Most viewers appreciate him in action scenes but many have been dismissive toward his interpretation of Bond. His style is found cold-blooded and sometimes humourless. That's why Connery was enticed back for 1. 2 million pounds (!) and he appeared again as the secret agent in 1971's «Diamonds Are Forever». Later, in 1983 Connery signed to play Bond for the seventh and final time in the unofficial film «Never Say Never Again». Over 40 years after he first played the role, Connery is still widely regarded as the incarnation of James Bond. When asked if he'd ever escaped the identification, he replied, «Never. It's with me till I go in the box».

Sir Roger Moore is the longest-serving James Bond actor, having spent twelve years in the role (from his debut; in 1973, to his retirement from the role in 1985), and made seven official films. He is also the oldest actor to play Bond: he was 46 when he debuted, and 58 when he announced his retirement, as it was agreed by all involved that Moore was too old for the role by that point. In 1986 after Roger Moore's retirement from the role, the lean, green-

132

eyed Timothy Dalton (who is well-known in our country for starring in «Jane Eyre» and «Scarlett») was the first choice to replace Moore but he was able to accept the role only after the filming of another movie, «Brenda Starr», was completed.

Dalton's first outing as 007, «The Living Daylights» in 1987 was successful and grossed more than the previous two Bond films with Roger Moore, as well as contemporary box-office rivals such as «Die Hard» and «Lethal Weapon». However, his second film «Licence To Kill» in 1989 did not perform well.

Pierce Brosnan was signed for a four-film deal and first appeared as James Bond in «GoldenEye» in 1995 to much critical praise. «GoldenEye» made over $26 million during its opening weekend in the USA, and during its release made around $350 million worldwide. Brosnan returned in 1997's «Tomorrow Never Dies» and 1999's «The World Is Not Enough» which had almost the same success. In 2002, Brosnan appeared for his fourth and final time as Bond in «Die Another Day», which made $432 million during its release.

After the last Bond film producers felt that the audience had grown tired of 007, and it was decided to revive the secret agent and the style of the movie as well. «Casino Royale», released in 2006, is the 21st film in James Bond series and is based on the first Fleming's story about young Bond's adventures. However, it is not a prequel – it is the establishing of a new time line and narrative framework. Daniel Craig portrays brand-new Bond – cold, brutal, more muscular and kinetic than ever before. The film and Craig's performance in particular, quickly earned critical acclaim and «Casino Royale» is the highest grossing James Bond film to date, though some viewers find the changes in the plot and in Bond himself too radical.

Love it or hate it, Bond is back to stay, but nobody knows who will be the next person to drop the famous catch-phrase, «My name is Bond. James Bond…»

Notes:

1.Intelligence Service – секретная (разведывательная) служба;

2.on the ground – на основании;

3.unrefined – грубый;

4.incarnation – воплощение;

5.to back out of – уклоняться от чего-либо;

133

6.to entice – переманивать;

7.to go in the box – (разг.) сыграть в ящик, умереть;

8.to gross – получать доход;

9.brand-new – совершенно новый;

10.catch-phrase – известная фраза.

JEAN-PAUL BELMONDO

Jean-Paul Belmondo was born on April 9, 1933, near Paris.

He is a French motion picture actor who embodied the antiheroic spirit of the French New Wave in his early performances and later starred in and produced many commercially successful films that highlighted his graceful agility and easygoing charm.

The son of sculptor Paul Belmondo, Jean-Paul spent his childhood in close contact with the arts. After a turbulent education in which he often played the class clown, he had a brief stint as an amateur boxer, but he abandoned the ring to study acting at the National Conservatory of Dramatic Art in Paris. Despite his obvious talent, the irreverent attitude he adopted toward his instructors prevented him from winning the highest honours when he graduated in 1956.

Belmondo soon made the transition from stage to screen with a series of minor roles in films by established directors. His commanding screen presence caught the attention of other major directors, although his unconventional looks limited the number of offers he received. He was usually cast as a discontented rebel or a common criminal, as in Claude Chabrol’s «A double tour» (1959; «Web of Passion»).

It was with a similar role in Jean-Luc Godard’s seminal debut feature «Breathless» (1959) that Belmondo delivered his landmark performance. His portrayal of a disaffected, amoral street punk combined the cynical worldweariness of Humphrey Bogart with the naïveté of a bumbling crook, incorporating a compelling mixture of toughness, spontaneity, and comic timing. The film and the character he played created an entire myth around Belmondo, earning him comparisons in the French media to the American actor James Dean.

Belmondo soon showed a willingness to destroy this myth by taking roles that contrasted sharply with his established screen persona, including a

134

worker involved in an impossible love affair in Peter Brook’s screen adaptation of Marguerite Duras’s «Seven Days…Seven Nights» (1960); a gentle intellectual in Vittorio De Sica’s «Two Women» (1961). These roles demonstrated that, despite his hardened exterior, Belmondo was capable of great nuance and sensitivity.

Not only was Belmondo able to work across different character types, he moved successfully among different types of films. He made the transition from artistic films to popular cinema with his appearance in several works, including the action-comedy «Sword of Blood» (1962;), in which he masterfully portrayed a Robin Hood figure, and the engaging «That Man from Rio» (1964), a fast-moving, fantasy-filled spoof of chase films. Known for performing his own stunts, Belmondo continued to star in entertaining action films and comedies that proved immensely popular with European audiences.

In the late 1980s Belmondo again changed his image, this time from action hero to mature dramatic actor, giving notable performances for which he won a César (France's top film award).

Notes:

1.to prevent – препятствовать (мешать);

2.to embody – воплощать;

3.to make the transition – сделать изменение;

4.discontented rebel – недовольный бунтовщик;

5.weariness – усталость;

6.toughness – прочность;

7.naïveté – наивность, простодушие; легковерие;

8.a bumbling crook – (зд.) лентяй, бездельник;

9.agility – подвижность, легкость;

10.irreverent – непочтительный.

JACK NICHOLSON

Jack Nicholson (original name John Joseph Nicholson) was born on April 22, 1937, Neptune, New Jersey, U. S.

He is one of the most prominent American motion-picture actors of his generation, especially noted for his versatile portrayals of unconventional, alienated outsiders.

135

Nicholson, whose father abandoned his family, grew up believing that his grandmother was his mother and that his mother was his older sister; it was not until he had attained fame that Nicholson himself learned the truth. After graduating from high school, he moved to California, where he took an office job in Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer's animation department. During the years 1957– 58 he performed on stage in Los Angeles and landed some small roles on television. About this time he met B-film king Roger Corman, who offered him the leading role in his low-budget film «The Cry Baby Killer» (1958). Nicholson spent the next decade playing major roles in B-films, occasional supporting roles in A-films, and guest roles on such television series as «The Andy Griffith Show». He also dabbled in screenwriting.

Nicholson's big break finally came with «Easy Rider» (1969), a seminal counterculture film starring Peter Fonda and Dennis Hopper as drifting, drugdealing bikers and Nicholson in a scene-stealing, Oscar-nominated supporting performance as an alcoholic lawyer. Nicholson's newfound stardom was secured with his leading role in «Five Easy Pieces» (1970), an episodic, existentialist drama and a major entry in Hollywood's «art film» movement of the early 1970s. Nicholson's portrayal of a man alienated from his family, friends, career, and lovers garnered him an Oscar nomination for best actor. His next successful film, «Carnal Knowledge» (1971), was a darkly humorous condemnation of male sexual mores; it was perhaps mainstream Hollywood's most sexually explicit film to date. Nicholson's performance as an emotionally empty, predatory chauvinist showcased his talent for interjecting humour into serious situations as a means to underscore inherent irony–typically, his darkest characters are wickedly funny.

Nicholson earned another Oscar nomination for «The Last Detail» (1973), in which he portrayed a rowdy military police officer who reluctantly escorts a young sailor to military prison. He next starred in Roman Polanski’s «Chinatown» (1974), an homage to the film noir detective films of the 1940s and a widely acknowledged cinematic masterpiece. Nicholson's brilliant performance as stylish private eye Jake Gittes, who realizes too late his impotence in the face of wealth and corruption, earned him a fourth Oscar nomination. The actor capped this highly successful period with his first Oscar win, for «One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest» (1975), in which his iconoclastic, free-spirited characterization of mental institution inmate R. P. McMurphy serves as a metaphor for the hopelessness of rebellion against established au-

136

thority. Other notable Nicholson films from this period include Michelangelo Antonioni’s «The Passenger» (1975), in which Nicholson portrays a depressed reporter who assumes a dead man's identity, and «Tommy» (1975), director Ken Russell's garish production of the Who’s rock opera, featuring Nicholson in a supporting singing role as the title character's doctor.

His stardom assured, Nicholson worked sporadically during the next few years. He costarred with Marlon Brando. His next notable role in director Stanley Kubrick’s «The Shining» (1980) became one of the indelible cinematic images of the era. Nicholson appeared in several quality films during the 1980s, garnering further Academy Award nominations for «Reds» (1981), «Prizzi's Honor» (1985), and «Ironweed» (1987) and winning a best supporting actor Oscar for his role as a drunken-but-decent ex-astronaut in «Terms of Endearment» (1983). Two of his most popular performances of the decade came in «The Witches of Eastwick» (1987) and «Batman» (1989), which featured Nicholson’s over-the-top comic turns as the Devil and the Joker, respectively.

By the 1990s, Nicholson was regarded as a screen icon. He began the decade by directing and starring in «The Two Jakes» (1990), a sequel to «Chinatown» that generated lukewarm reviews.

His 11th nomination, for his portrayal of a misanthropic writer in «As Good As It Gets» (1997), resulted in Nicholson’s third Oscar (his second for best actor). After playing a world-weary former cop in «The Pledge» (2001), he scored another personal triumph with his much-lauded performance as the title character in «About Schmidt» (2002), a retired widower seeking to mend his relationship with his daughter. Nicholson’s understated acting in this melancholic comedy earned him a 12th nomination for an Academy Award.

Although Nicholson’s widely imitated trademarks of a devilish smile and a slow, detached speaking style remained constant throughout the years, his screen persona mellowed in its metamorphosis from iconoclastic leading man to mainstream character actor, and his characters of later years reflect in many ways the maturation of his generation. As he entered his 60s, he often played men with a youthful rebellious streak but who have also learned the value of sensitivity. Nicholson was awarded the American Film Institute's Life Achievement Award in 1994.

Notes:

1.newfound stardom – (зд.) вновь открытая звезда;

2.to be secured – быть гарантированным;

137

3.to underscore inherent irony – подчеркивать присущую иронию;

4.with a youthful rebellious streak – склонный к юношескому бунтарству;

5.to award – присуждать.

GEORGE LUCAS

George Lucas (born May 14, 1944) is an American motion-picture director, producer, and screenwriter who created several of the most popular films in history.

Lucas became interested in filmmaking while in high school. He received encouragement from the cinematographer Haskell Wexler and gained admission to the film department of the University of Southern California (B. A., 1966). Lucas's first full-length feature film was «THX 1138» (1971), a grim fantasy about a robotized, dehumanized society in the distant future. His second film, «American Graffiti» (1973), a sympathetic recollection of adolescent American life in the early 1960s, was a surprise success at the box office.

Lucas spent the next four years writing and then shooting «Star Wars» (1977), an intergalactic swashbuckler with colourful characters, realistic extraterrestrial settings, and an array of breathtaking special effects. The film was immediately popular and went on to become the largest-selling motion picture in history. Its success spawned a host of other science fiction films using the same newly developed computer-based special-effects technologies that «Star Wars» had used so effectively. In 1978–79 Lucas formed the production company Lucasfilms, Ltd., which contained a number of divisions, including Industrial Light and Magic, regarded as the most prestigious special-effects workshop in American film.

Lucas served as executive producer of the other two episodes in the Star Wars saga, «The Empire Strikes Back» (1980) and «The Return of the Jedi» (1983), and of the popular Indiana Jones series directed by Steven Spielberg. Working exclusively as a producer throughout the 1980s and most of the '90s, Lucas had a few minor successes («Willow», 1988) and spectacular failures («Howard the Duck», 1986). In 1997 he added new computerized effects to the Star Wars films and re-released them to great acclaim. These films generated interest for one of the most highly anticipated films of the decade, «Star

138

Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace» (1999), the first release in a new trilogy. For this film, which received mixed reviews but reaped enormous profits, Lucas returned to the director's chair for the first time in more than 20 years.

Notes:

1.to receive encouragement – получить поддержку;

2.to gain admission – получить доступ;

3.a sympathetic recollection – полное сочувствия воспоминание;

4.adolescent – юноша;

5.swashbuckler – забияка (хвастун);

6.a great acclaim – шумное одобрение;

7.to reap profits – получить прибыль.

JOHN TRAVOLTA

"Travolta» means «high voltage» in Italian. He couldn't have chosen a better or more suitable name. When he was about twenty, John Travolta became one of the biggest stars in Hollywood. His popularity was tremendous. The way he danced, the way he moved; those melting brown eyes, that ironic tender smile... Then something happened. From 1981 on, he played in one bad movie after another. His star had fallen. He found himself replaced by a new wave of actors – Tom Cruise, Tom Hanks, Kevin Costner... Soon he was almost forgotten. Then suddenly, almost 15 years later, he did what has since become known as «a Travolta» – he came back.

John Travolta was the youngest of six children. His father was a former semi-pro football player and his mother was a high school drama teacher. Mrs Travolta was 43 when John was born. «It was like I had come as a special gift,» John says. «I was spoiled to death».

It seems that John began to think about show business at an early age. At any rate, when he was 8 he won a twisting contest, and by the age of 12 he had already joined a local actors' group, and was soon appearing in musicals. He also took tap-dancing lessons from a very good teacher.

John went to a Catholic school. His classmates nicknamed him «Bone» (because he was skinny) and «Brat» (because he was spoiled). He could also be quite stubborn. When he wanted to get a haircut like the Beatles and his teacher said, «Change your hair, change schools,» John CHANGED schools!

139

At around 13 or 14 he had his first girlfriend. Sadly, after 5 years she dumped him for another guy. What was she thinking?

At the age of 16, he dropped out of high school (with his parents permission, mind you) to take up acting full-time. «I think the confidence my parents had in me as an actor stayed with me my whole life,» he later said.

John did not become an actor immediately, in fact, he had tried a lot of jobs: he worked as a ticket man, a luggage handler, a cashier. But still he made a quick start: a theatre debut in 1972, a Broadway musical in 1973, and then in 1975 the lead in a nationally transmitted television series, which made him very popular. At the same time he recorded a series of pop music albums.

The big success came with his first major feature film, «Saturday Night Fever», released in 1977. Travolta became the most talked-about young star in Hollywood. In addition to his first Academy Award nomination, he also became a symbol of American culture. Soon his face adorned T-shirts, lunchboxes and the like. After several hits in films, on television and on the radio, he became a true cultural phenomenon, defining tastes in music and fashion and dominating innumerable gossip columns in newspapers and magazines. It seemed Travolta could do no wrong. He was famous, he was rich, he was a superstar. But showbiz stars not always shine forever...

The 80s were bad years for him. He starred in several unsuccessful films. Travolta's career was on shaky ground. «I started to lose confidence in my career, John remembers. «Not in my talents, but in my career.» For several years he disappeared from the screen.

Then, in 1994, he made one of the most stunning comebacks in entertainment history by starring in «Pulp Fiction», a film written and directed by Quentin Tarantino, a longtime Travolta fan who wrote the role of Vincent Vega for him and literally forced him to accept it. A critical as well as commercial smash, «Pulp Fiction» introduced Travolta to a new generation of moviegoers, and suddenly he was again a major star, with a second Academy Award nomination to prove it.

After «Pulp Fiction», Travolta became one of the hardest-working actors in Hollywood. «Broken Arrow», «Phenomenon», «Michael», «Face/Off», «She's So Lovely», «Primary Colors», «The Thin Red Line», «General's Daughter», «Battlefield Earth» – an impressive list of successful films in which Travolta starred. It seems that the list is likely to be continued...

140