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Section E3

000

000

0000

changeable

arrival

advisable

functional

assemblage

desirable

patronage

percentage

emotional

pilgrimage

 

enjoyable

 

 

original

The exception is 'original' (compare 'origin and o'riginal).

000

000

0000

0000

awkwardness

alertness

characterless

abrasiveness

colourless

disgraceful

deviousness

assertiveness

powerful

eventful

 

directionless

 

regardless

 

 

000

000

 

0000

beautify

announcer

 

anomalous

borrower

beginner

 

calamitous

dangerous

 

 

diversify

marvellous

 

 

intensify

simplify

 

 

solidify

The exception is 'solidify' (compare 'solid and so'lidify).

00

000

 

0000

anxious

ambitious

 

industrious

cautious

pretentious

 

laborious

spacious

religious

 

luxurious

 

suspicious

 

mysterious

 

 

 

rebellious

000

000

0000

00000

glamorous

courageous

carnivorous

insectivorous

humorous

outrageous

herbivorous

miscellaneous

tremulous

 

incredulous

simultaneous

 

 

miraculous

 

In fast speech, -eous in 'miscellaneous' and 'simultaneous' might be said as one syllable (/-j;:)s/), so would have the pattern 0000.

English Pronunciation in Use (Advanced)


00

000

 

0000

Chinese

auctioneer

 

cohabitee

laundrette

detainee

 

evacuee

trainee

divorcee

 

examinee

 

journalese

 

interviewee

 

Taiwanese

 

 

000

0000

0000

00000

provincial

differential

adverbial

ceremonial

substantial

influential

industrial

editorial

torrential

presidential

remedial

managerial

In fast speech, -ial in 'averbial', 'remedial' and 'ceremonial' might be said as one syllable (I-j I/), so would have the patterns 000 ('adverbial' and 'remedial') and 0000 ('ceremonial'),

000

0000

0000

00000

00000

addiction

ethnicity

accusation

authenticity

abbreviation

location

extremity

diplomatic

elasticity

characteristic

 

 

formulaic

musicality

 

000

0000

 

0000

0000

constructive

exploitative

 

apprehensive

illustrative

explosive

indicative

 

inconclusive

innovative

impulsive

 

 

interactive

 

progressive

 

 

reproductive

 

The exception is 'indicative' (compare 'indicate and in'dicative),

 

000

000

 

0000

 

hesitant

coherent

experience

ignorance

pollutant

inhabitant

negligence

 

 

inheritance

resident

 

 

magnificent

tolerant

 

 

significant

000

 

 

0000

 

appliance

occurrence

 

correspondent

 

compliance

resemblance

 

independence

 

defiant

resistant

 

obsolescence

 

deterrent

triumphant

 

 

 

observance

 

 

 

 

000

000

 

0000

0000

government

achievement

 

accomplishment

disappointment

measurement

investment

 

development

entertainment

settlement

recruitment

 

embarrassment

 

 

retirement

 

 

 

English Pronunciation in Use (Advanced)

191



E26

E27

Key to phonemic and other symbols

Vowels

Short vowels

IT) pit, it 0 wet, end

cat, a pple

0 ru n, u p

hot, opposite @] put, would

0 ago, doctor

DJ happy, cosy

[illinfluence, annual

Consonants

CliJ bee, about

W do, side

CIJ fat, safe []]go, big

0iJ hat, beh ind rn yet, you

W key, week

DJ led, allow

Long vowels

OD see, eat

@D part, arm

@D saw, always

@D too, you

@D her, early

[BD map, lamp

Wnose, any

Wpen, stop

CD red, around IT] soon, us

CD ten, last

Gvet, live

0wet, swim

Other symbols used in this book

Diphthongs

@]

day, eight

@D

my, eyes

@!J

boy, joi n

[gu]

low, open

tau]

how, out

near, here

l eg] hair, where lug] tau rist, sure

lOO, loves

(ili] general, age [ill hang, hoping

[[) that, other []]thin, bath CD sh ip, push

Wmeasure, usual

ern chin, catch

/71

a glottal stop, as in l'fu?bo:V ('football'). See Section E4 Glossary for more

 

information.

I I

shows that I:JI can be pronounced or not pronounced, as in l'rev nd31 (average).

fTI

shows that in BBC English Irl is pronounced when it is followed by a vowel sound but

 

not when it is followed by a consonant sound, as in l'brAo:Jrl (brother). In some

 

other varieties, such as North American English, Irl is always pronounced.

III

put before the syllable with main stress, as in fI'ventl (elvent).

1.1

put before the syllable with secondary stress, as in l,retm:Js'fenk/ ( .atmos'pheric).

III

shows a syllabic consonant, as in I'bntll (bottle). See Section E4 Glossary for more

I

I

 

information.

I. I

shows syllable divisions within a word, as in l'dIf.:JI (differ).

192

English Pronunciation in Use (Advanced)



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