Файл: Кочуров Геоэкология - экодиагностика и эколого-хозяйственный анализ территории.pdf

ihke_^kl\bc Mkeh\gh fh`gh \u^_eblv ljb kl_i_gb baf_g_gby ijbjh^guo

k\hckl\ - ijbagZdh\ hl^_evguo ijh[e_f jbk keZ[h_ gZijbf_j baf_g_gb_

ijbjh^guo k\hckl\ eZg^rZnlZ f_g__ q_f 

%

 kj_^g__ lh `_ gh hl  ^h

50

%

bkbevgh_lh`_ghij_\urZ_l

%

). 

<u^_eyxl ljb hkgh\gu_ ]jmiiu ijh[e_f b kblmZpbc ih wdheh]bq_kdbf

ihke_^kl\byfbaf_g_gbyijbjh^u 

-

Zgljhihwdheh]bq_kdb_-ihbaf_g_gbxmkeh\bc`bagbba^hjh

\vygZk_e_gby 

-

 ijbjh^gh-j_kmjkgu_ k\yaZggu_ k bklhs_gb_f b mljZlhc ijb

jh^guoj_kmjkh\mom^rZxsb_ohayckl\_ggmx^_yl_evghklvgZl_jjblhjbb 

-

eZg^rZnlgh-]_g_lbq_kdb_h[mkeh\e_ggu_gZjmr_gb_fp_ehkl

ghklbeZg^rZnlh\mljZlhc]_ghnhg^Zihl_j_cmgbdZevguoijbjh^guoh[t_d

lh\bli 

<k\yabkwlbf\u^_eyxlkyljbhkgh\guolbiZkbkl_fuhp_gdbwdheh]bq_

kdhckblmZpbb 

-

hp_gdZdZq_kl\Zijbjh^ghckS_^u^eya^hjh\vyq_eh\_dZ\dex

qZyZgZebahiZkghklbhdjm`Zxs_ckS_^u 

-

hp_gdZZgljhih]_gguo\ha^_ckl\bcbgZ]jmahd 

  -

hp_gdZg_]Zlb\guobaf_g_gbchdjm`Zxs_cijbjh^ghckS_^u 

H^gZdh kZfh hp_gb\Zgb_wdheh]bq_kdhc kblmZpbbijh\h^blkyiml_f ZgZ

ebaZdhfie_dkZwdheh]bq_kdboijh[e_foZjZdl_jgh]h^eylhcbebbghcl_jjb

lhjbbZj_ZeZwdheh]bq_kdhckblmZpbbihke_^mxs_cko_f_bklhqgbdZg

ljhih]_ggh_ \ha^_ckl\b_ - Zgljhih]_ggZy gZ]jmadZ - ijbjh^Z - g_]Zlb\gu_

baf_g_gby\hdjm`Zxs_cijbjh^ghckj_^_wdheh]bq_kdb_ijh[e_fu-mom^r_

gb_ a^hjh\vy q_eh\_dZ b baf_g_gb_ijbjh^gh-j_kmjkgh]hihl_gpbZeZ l_jjblh

jbb 

DZ`^Zyl_jjblhjbyih^e_`ZsZyhp_gd_kh^ghcklhjhguoZjZdl_jbam_l

ky hij_^_e_gguf \b^hf bkihevah\Zgby k ^jm]hc klhjhgu y\ey_lky qZklvx

ijbjh^gh]heZg^rZnlZqlhijhy\ey_lky\ki_pbnbq_kdbo^ey^Zgghcl_jjblh

jbbijbjh^gh-eZg^rZnlguohkh[_gghklyo 

<hafh`gZ ]jmiibjh\dZ wdheh]bq_kdbo ijh[e_f b kblmZpbc b ih ^jm]bf

ijbagZdZf 

-

ihhkgh\ghcijbqbg_\hagbdgh\_gbywdheh]h-bjjb]Zpbhggu_wdheh]h-

ljZgkihjlgu_ wdheh]h-ijhfure_ggu_ wdheh]h-]b^jhl_ogbq_kdb_ b

^j 

-

ihhkgh\guf\b^ZfZgljhih]_gguo\ha^_ckl\bclZ[e 

-

ihhkljhl_g_hkljZymf_j_gghhkljZyhkljZyhq_gvhkljZy 

-

ihkeh`ghklbijhklu_keh`gu_hq_gvkeh`gu_ 

-

ihj_rZ_fhklbj_rZ_fu_ljm^ghj_rZ_fu_ijZdlbq_kdbg_j_rZ_fu_ 

-

ihijhkljZgkl\_gghfmho\Zlml_jjblhjbbehdZevgu_km[ehdZevgu_

j_]bhgZevgu_km[j_]bhgZevgu_]eh[Zevgu_ 

-

ih\j_f_gbdjZldh\j_f_ggu_^ebl_evgu_ijZdlbq_kdbg_bkq_aZ_fu_ 

-

 ih ahgZevgh-j_]bhgZevghfm jZaebqbx ijh[e_fu lmg^ju lZc]b imk

lugv]hjjZ\gbgK_\_jh-<hklhdZX]ZJhkkbbbl^ 

Hp_gdZhkljhluwdheh]bq_kdbokblmZpbchkgh\ZgZgZZgZeba_l_jjblhjb

Zevguokhq_lZgbcwdheh]bq_kdboijh[e_foZjZdl_j_bbgl_gkb\ghklbijhy\e_

gby ihke_^kl\bcwlboijh[e_fHij_^_e_gb_ hkljhlu kblmZpbb aZ\bkbl hl j_

]bhgZevguo hkh[_gghkl_c b ki_pbnbdb \_^msbo ijh[e_f b fh`_l jZkkfZljb

\Zlvkyhl^_evghklhqdbaj_gbymkeh\bcijh`b\ZgbygZk_e_gbybkhklhygby_]h

a^hjh\vykhklhygbyijbjh^guoj_kmjkh\khojZg_gbymgbdZevghklbb]_ghnhg

^Z eZg^rZnlZ <u^_eyxlky ke_^mxsb_ dZl_]hjbb wdheh]bq_kdbo kblmZpbc ih

kl_i_gb hkljhlu dZlZkljhnbq_kdZy djbabkgZy djblbq_kdZy gZijy`_ggZy

dhgnebdlgZym^h\e_l\hjbl_evgZy

DZlZkljhnbq_kdb_ kblmZpbb oZjZdl_jbamxlky ]em[hdbfb b qZklh g_h[

jZlbfufbbaf_g_gbyfbijbjh^umljZlhcijbjh^guoj_kmjkh\bj_adbfmom^

r_gb_fmkeh\bcijh`b\ZgbygZk_e_gby\ua\Zgguf\hkgh\ghffgh]hdjZlguf

ij_\ur_gb_f Zgljhih]_gguo gZ]jmahd gZ eZg^rZnlu j_]bhgZ <Z`guf ijb

agZdhfdZlZkljhnbq_kdhckblmZpbby\ey_lkym]jhaZ`bagbex^_cbbogZke_^kl

\_gghklb Z lZd`_ mljZlZ ]_ghnhg^Z b mgbdZevguo ijbjh^guo h[t_dlh\ HgZ

fh`_lgZklmiblv\g_aZighgZijbf_jijbZ\ZjbbgZ:WKbebihkl_i_gghijb

gZjZklZxs_fbaf_g_gbbijbjh^u 

DjbabkgZy kblmZpby ijb[eb`Z_lky d dZlZkljhnbq_kdhc \ eZg^rZnlZo

\hagbdZxl hq_gv agZqbl_evgu_ b ijZdlbq_kdb keZ[h dhfi_gkbjm_fu_ baf_g_

gbyijhbkoh^blihegh_bklhs_gb_ijbjh^guoj_kmjkh\bj_adhmom^rZ_lky

a^hjh\v_gZk_e_gby?kebg_ijbgylvkjhqguodZj^bgZevguof_jlhwlhli_j_

oh^fh`_lijhbahclb\l_q_gb_g_[hevrh]hijhf_`mldZ\j_f_gb-e_l 

Ijbdjblbq_kdhckblmZpbb\hagbdZxlagZqbl_evgu_bkeZ[hdhfi_gkb

jm_fu_baf_g_gbyeZg^rZnlh\ijhbkoh^bl[ukljh_gZjZklZgb_m]jhaubklh

s_gbybebmljZluijbjh^guoj_kmjkh\\lq]_ghnhg^ZmgbdZevguoijbjh^

guo h[t_dlh\ gZ[ex^Z_lky mklhcqb\uc jhkl qbkeZ aZ[he_\Zgbc ba-aZ j_adh]h

mom^r_gby mkeh\bc ijh`b\Zgby :gljhih]_ggu_ gZ]jmadb dZd ijZ\beh ij_

\urZxl mklZgh\e_ggu_  ghjfZlb\gu_ \_ebqbgu b wdheh]bq_kdb_ lj_[h\Zgby

Ijb mf_gvr_gbb beb ij_djZs_gbb Zgljhih]_gguo \ha^_ckl\bc b ijh\_^_gbb

ijbjh^hhojZgguo f_jhijbylbc \hafh`gZ ghjfZebaZpby wdheh]bq_kdhc h[klZ

gh\dbmemqr_gb_mkeh\bcijh`b\ZgbygZk_e_gbyih\ur_gb_dZq_kl\Zhl^_ev

guoijbjh^guoj_kmjkh\bqZklbqgh_\hkklZgh\e_gb_eZg^rZnlh\ 

IjbgZijy`_gghckblmZpbbhlf_qZxlkyg_]Zlb\gu_baf_g_gby\hl^_ev

guodhfihg_glZoeZg^rZnlh\qlh\_^_ldgZjmr_gbxbeb^_]jZ^Zpbbhl^_ev

guo ijbjh^guo j_kmjkh\ b \ jy^_ kemqZ_\ d mom^r_gbx mkeh\bc ijh`b\Zgby

gZk_e_gbyIjbkh[ex^_gbbijbjh^hhojZgguof_jgZijy`_gghklvwdheh]bq_

kdhckblmZpbbdZdijZ\behkiZ^Z_l 

DhgnebdlgZy kblmZpby bf__l f_klh \ lhf kemqZ_ dh]^Z gZ[ex^Zxlky

g_agZqbl_evgu_ \ ijhkljZgkl\_ b \h \j_f_gb baf_g_gby \ eZg^rZnlZo \ lhf

qbke_\kj_^h-bj_kmjkh\hkijhba\h^ysbok\hckl\Zoqlh\_^_ldkjZ\gbl_evgh

g_[hevrhci_j_kljhcd_kljmdlmjueZg^rZnlh\b\hkklZgh\e_gbx\j_amevlZl_

ijhp_kkh\ kZfhj_]meypbb ijbjh^gh]h dhfie_dkZ beb ijh\_^_gby g_keh`guo

ijbjh^hhojZgguof_j 

Ijb m^h\e_l\hjbl_evghc kblmZpbb ba-aZ hlkmlkl\by ijyfh]h beb dhk

\_ggh]h Zgljhih]_ggh]h \ha^_ckl\by \k_ ihdZaZl_eb k\hckl\ eZg^rZnlh\ g_

baf_gyxlky 
 
 

<hijhkudijZdlbdmfm 

1. 

GZah\bl_hkgh\gu_ijbgpbiudeZkkbnbdZpbbwdheh]bq_kdboijh[e_f

bkblmZpbc 

2. 

Ijb\_^bl_ ijbf_ju hkgh\guo deZkkbnbdZpbhgguo ijbagZdh\ djb

l_jb_\wdheh]bq_kdboijh[e_fbkblmZpbc 

3. 

Hkgh\gu_]jmiiuwdheh]bq_kdboijh[e_fbkblmZpbc 

4. 

DZdb_ dZl_]hjbb wdheh]bq_kdbo kblmZpbc ih kl_i_gb hkljhlu \u

agZ_l_" 

WDHEH=BQ?KDH?D:JLH=J:NBJH<:GB? 

 
<mkeh\byo\k_m\_ebqb\ZxsbokybgnhjfZpbhgguoihlhdh\hkhklhygbb

hdjm`Zxs_ckj_^uagZqbl_evgh]hmkeh`g_gbyl_hj_lbq_kdbobf_lh^heh]bq_

kdboijh[e_flj_[mxsboijhkljZgkl\_ggh]hj_r_gby\hajZklZ_ljhevwdheh

]bq_kdh]h dZjlh]jZnbjh\Zgby <ukhdZy bgnhjfZpbhggZy _fdhklv kl_i_gv

miehlg_gbybgnhjfZpbbdZjlh]jZnbq_kdbofZl_jbZeh\^hklb]Z_fZyaZkq_l

kh\_jr_gkl\h\Zgby dZjlh]jZnbq_kdhc agZdh\hc kbkl_fu gZ]ey^ghklv b ^hk

lmighklvdZjl^eyg_ihkj_^kl\_ggh]h\hkijbylbyijhkljZgkl\_ggh]hZgZebaZb

h[h[s_gby ^_eZxl dZjlh]jZnbq_kdbc f_lh^ g_aZf_gbfuf \ gZmqguo b ijb

deZ^guobkke_^h\Zgbyo 

Kh\j_f_ggh_khklhygb_wdheh]bq_kdh]hdZjlh]jZnbjh\Zgby 

Kms_kl\mxl jZaebqgu_ ih^oh^u d hp_gd_ b hlh[jZ`_gbx gZ dZjl_ kh

klhygby hdjm`Zxs_c kj_^u ih khklhygbx hl^_evguo dhfihg_glh\  jZkijh

kljZg_gbxaZ]jyag_gbykl_i_gb^_]jZ^Zpbbkhklhygbxwdhkbkl_fuihhp_gd_

ijbjh^guomkeh\bc`bagb gZk_e_gbybli GZb[he__agZqbl_evgu_^hklb`_

gby\h[eZklbbamq_gby\ebygbyhdjm`Zxs_ckj_^ugZq_eh\_dZhlf_qZxlky\

f_^bdh-]_h]jZnbq_kdhfb^_fhwdheh]bq_kdhfdZjlh]jZnbjh\Zgbb 

Ihfg_gbxE=Jm^_gdhb:B;hqdh\kdhcwdheh]h-]_h]jZnbq_kdh_

dZjlh]jZnbjh\Zgb_ aZjh^behkv \ jZfdZo dZjlh]jZnbjh\Zgbyijbjh^hihevah\Z

gbybhojZguhdjm`Zxs_ckj_^ub\gZklhys__\j_fyhnhjfbehkvdZdgh\uc

jZa^_e l_fZlbq_kdh]h dZjlh]jZnbjh\Zgby Ihy\beky gh\uc lbi dZjl hlh[jZ

`Zxsbokh\f_klghijbjh^gu_bkhpbZevgh-wdhghfbq_kdb_y\e_gbybeb_keb

[ulv[he__lhqgufijhkljZgkl\_ggh-\j_f_ggu_Zki_dlu\aZbfh^_ckl\byijb

jh^u b h[s_kl\Z Wlb dZjlu y\eyxlky hp_ghqgufb b ghkyl km]m[h  km[t_dl-

h[t_dlgucoZjZdl_j 

Gh\ucjZa^_el_fZlbq_kdh]hdZjlh]jZnbjh\Zgbybf__lkj_^bijhqbohkh

[u_ aZ^Zqb\uy\e_gb_b ijhkljZgkl\_ggmxehdZebaZpbxg_]Zlb\guo k lhqdb

aj_gbyZgljhih]_gguobaf_g_gbck\hckl\kj_^u?]hjZajZ[hldZl_kghk\yaZgZ

kkh\j_f_ggufihgbfZgb_fij_^f_lZwdheh]bbdZdhlghr_gbchj]ZgbafZkbk

l_fu b kj_^u Dhqmjh\ @_j_[ph\Z  Ihfbfh ljZ^bpbhggh kms_kl\mx

s_c deZkkbq_kdhc [bhwdheh]bb `b\hlguo jZkl_gbc khh[s_kl\ ihy\bebkv

gh\u_jZa^_eu-]_hwdheh]byijbjh^guodhfihg_glh\wdhkbkl_f-eZg^rZnl

gZywdheh]bybZgljhihwdheh]byq_eh\_dZh[s_kl\Z 

LjZ^bpbhggZy [bhp_gljbq_kdZy hj]Zgbafhp_gljbq_kdZy wdheh]by dZd

gZmdZh\aZbfh^_ckl\bbhj]Zgbafh\bkj_^uijZdlbq_kdb^_eZ_lZdp_gllhevdh

gZh^ghcklhjhg_wlh]h\aZbfh^_ckl\bygZijZ\e_ggh]hgZhj]ZgbafBkZq_gdh

<p_glj_\gbfZgby]_hwdheh]bbgZoh^ylkyijbjh^Zijbjh^gu_dhfie_d

ku ]_hkbkl_fu Z Zgljhih]_ggu_ b l_ogh]_ggu_ \ha^_ckl\by \uklmiZxl dZd

\g_rgb_ nZdlhju f_gyxsb_ kljmdlmjm b nmgdpbhgbjh\Zgb_ ijbjh^guo b

ijbjh^gh-Zgljhih]_gguo kbkl_f :gljhihwdheh]by jZkkfZljb\Z_l rbjhdbc

djm]\hijhkh\\p_glj_dhlhjuogZoh^blkyq_eh\_dKh\j_f_ggZy]_hwdheh]byb

Zgljhihwdheh]by \hiehsZxl \ k_[_ Zgljhihp_gljbq_kdbc ijbgpbi Wlh lhl

kZfuckl_j`_gvdhlhjuc\dhg_qghfblh]_hij_^_ey_lki_pbnbdmkh\j_f_ggh

]hwdheh]bq_kdh]hdZjlh]jZnbjh\Zgby 

Bkoh^yba\ur_baeh`_ggh]hfh`gh\u^_eblv\wdheh]bq_kdhfdZjlh]jZ

nbjh\Zgbbljbdjmiguo[ehdZ 

  -

[bhwdheh]bq_kdh_dZjlh]jZnbjh\Zgb_ 

  -

]_hwdheh]bq_kdh_dZjlh]jZnbjh\Zgb_ 

  -

Zgljhihwdheh]bq_kdh_dZjlh]jZnbjh\Zgb_ 

Ih fg_gbx <K Ij_h[jZ`_gkdh]h  wdheh]bq_kdb_ dZjlu - wlh g_

dZjlu ijbjh^u \hh[s_ eZg^rZnlgu_ ihq\_ggu_ ]_h[hlZgbq_kdb_ Z dZjlu

hj]ZgbaZpbb gZ^hj]Zgbaf_gguo kbkl_f beb dZjlu hlghr_gby hj]Zgbafh\ b

kj_^uFgh`_kl\hhlghr_gbcg_fh`_l[ulvh^ghagZqghhljZ`_ghg_dhc_^b

ghcwdheh]bq_kdhcdZjlhc 

Kms_kl\m_lihgbfZgb_]_hwdheh]bq_kdhcdZjludZddhfiZdlgh]hbihegh

]h hlh[jZ`_gby \k_o oZjZdl_jbklbd hdjm`Zxs_c  kj_^u dhlhju_ \ebyxl gZ

khklhygb_[bhlugZ`bagvba^hjh\v_ex^_c=eZ\gZyp_gghklv]_hwdheh]bq_

kdbodZjl-bodhfie_dkghklvlZddZdZleZkqZklguoj_]bkljZpbhgguodZjlg_

iha\hey_lihemqblvh[s__bgZ]ey^gh_ij_^klZ\e_gb_hkl_i_gbhkljhluwdheh

]bq_kdhckblmZpbb\p_ehf 

=eZ\guc \u\h^ ba \k_o wlbo hij_^_e_gbc ke_^mxsbc < wdheh]bq_kdhf

dZjlh]jZnbjh\Zgbbihy\beky_szh^bg[ehdlZdgZau\Z_fh_dhfie_dkgh_wdh

eh]bq_kdh_ dZjlh]jZnbjh\Zgb_ kbgl_abjmxs__ j_amevlZlu \k_o ij_^u^msbo

[ehdh\jZamf__lkykZgljhihp_gljbq_kdboihabpbcdZjlh]jZnbjh\Zgb_wdheh

]bq_kdboijh[e_fbkblmZpbc 

Wdheh]h-]_h]jZnbq_kdh_ dZjlh]jZnbjh\Zgb_ ih :=BkZq_gdh  kh

klhblbabamq_gbybhp_gdbwdheh]bq_kdh]hihl_gpbZeZ]_hkbkl_fbamq_

gbyohayckl\_ggh]h\ha^_ckl\bygZ]_hkbkl_fub\uy\e_gbyl_ogh]_gguowdh

eh]bq_kdboZghfZebc\uy\e_gbyj_ZdpbcgZk_e_gbygZkhklhygb__kl_kl\_g

ghckj_^ubgZ__l_ogh]_ggh_baf_g_gb_bkke_^h\Zgbymklhcqb\hklb]_h

kbkl_f d l_ogh]_gguf \ha^_ckl\byf  ijh]ghaZ wdheh]bq_kdbo kblmZpbc

jZajZ[hldb wdheh]bq_kdbo ghjfZlb\h\ b iml_c hilbfbaZpbb ]_h]jZnbq_kdhc

kj_^u I_j_qbke_ggu_ wlZiu khhl\_lkl\mxl deZkkbnbdZpbb wdheh]bq_kdbo

dZjl 

Ih deZkkbnbdZpbb KKDZjimobgZ b ^j  wdheh]bq_kdb_ dZjlu ^_

eylkygZ[Zah\u_bkoh^gh_j_kmjkgh-wdheh]bq_kdh_khklhygb_l_jjblhjbb

 dZjlu aZ]jyag_gbc bgZjmr_gbchdjm`Zxs_c kj_^u hp_ghqgu_ ijh

]ghagu_bj_dhf_g^Zl_evgu_ 

DeZkkbnbdZpbx wdheh]bq_kdbo dZjl ih p_e_\uf nmgdpbyf ij_^eh`beb

E=Jm^_gdh b :B;hqdh\kdZy  bamq_gb_]eh[Zevguo ijh[e_f\u`b

\Z_fhklb q_eh\_dZ \ ^_]jZ^bjmxs_c kj_^_  bkke_^h\Zgb_ wdheh]h-

]_h]jZnbq_kdbo ijh[e_f j_]bhgZevgh]h b ehdZevgh]h mjh\g_c  fhgblhjbg]

kj_^u   aZ^Zqb h[jZah\Zgby b bgnhjfbjh\Zgby rbjhdbo keh_\ gZk_e_gby h

khklhygbbkj_^u 

NmgdpbhgZevgh_ ^_e_gb_ wdheh]bq_kdbo dZjl ijh\_e K? KZevgbdh\

 Bf \u^_ey_lky q_luj_ ]jmiiu dZjl bg\_glZjbaZpbhggu_ hp_ghqgu_

hp_ghqgh-ijh]ghagu_bj_dhf_g^Zl_evgu_ 

:gZebam kh\j_f_ggh]h khklhygby wdheh]bq_kdh]h dZjlh]jZnbjh\Zgby \

Jhkkbbihk\ys_gZjZajZ[hldZBgklblmlZ]_h]jZnbbJ:G\kh^jm`_kl\_khki_

pbZebklZfb fgh]hqbke_gguo mqj_`^_gbc b hj]ZgbaZpbc kljZgu Dhf_^qbdh\

Exlucb^jDhf_^qbdh\ExlucIj_^eh`_gZdeZkkbnbdZpbydZjl

ih b_jZjobq_kdhfm mjh\gx]eh[Zevguc bkm[]eh[Zevgucdhglbg_glZevgucb

djmighj_]bhgZevguc gZpbhgZevguc j_]bhgZevguc ehdZevguc b ^_lZevguc

<u^_eyxlky ih ihagZ\Zl_evghfm ijbagZdm bg\_glZjbaZpbhggu_ hp_ghqgu_

ijh]ghagu_ j_dhf_g^Zl_evgu_ dZjlu ih nmgdpbhgZevghfm gZijZ\e_gbx

gZmqgh-kijZ\hqgu_kijZ\hqgu_mq_[gu_ijhiZ]Zg^bklkdb_bli 

JZajZ[hlqbdZfb [ue hj]Zgbah\Zg k[hj bgnhjfZpbb h dZjlZo wdheh]bq_

kdh]hkh^_j`ZgbyMqblu\Zebkvba^Zggu_bjmdhibkgu_dZjlugZqbgZyk

]^eydZjlbZleZkh\k]GZhkgh\Zgbbwlh]h[ueh\u^_e_ghk_fvdjmi

guo l_fZlbq_kdbo ]jmii dZjl dhebq_kl\h bo ^Zgh \ % hl h[s_c kmffu 

hp_gdbijbjh^guomkeh\bcbj_kmjkh\^ey`bagbb^_yl_evghklbq_eh\_dZ%); 

 g_[eZ]hijbylguo b hiZkguo ijbjh^guo ijhp_kkh\ b y\e_gbc %  Zg

ljhih]_gguo \ha^_ckl\bcb baf_g_gbcijbjh^ghc kj_^u %  mklhcqb\h

klbijbjh^ghckj_^udZgljhih]_gguf\ha^_ckl\byf%hojZguijbjh^u

bijbjh^hhojZgguof_jhijbylbc%f_^bdh-]_h]jZnbq_kdb_bj_dj_Zpbb
(14%

dhfie_dkgu_wdheh]bq_kdb_%).    

Ih dhebq_kl\m Zdlb\gh \_^msboky jZajZ[hlhd \k_ k_fv l_fZlbq_kdbo

]jmiidZjl[uebh[t_^bg_gu\ljb[ehdZkZfu_fZehqbke_ggu_bebg_ih

imeyjgu_ihimeyjgu_bebih\ur_ggh]hbgl_j_kZij_h[eZ^Zxsb_ 

JZkij_^_e_gb_ dZjlh]jZnbq_kdbo jZajZ[hlhd iha\hey_l ]h\hjblv  h

ijhbkoh^ys_f gZdhie_gbbg_h[oh^bfhc bgnhjfZpbbih Zgljhih]_gguf \ha

^_ckl\byf b baf_g_gbyf ijbjh^ghc kj_^u  h [mjghf jhkl_ dhfie_dkgh]h

wdheh]bq_kdh]hdZjlh]jZnbjh\Zgbyihy\b\r_]hky\]h[m\_ebq_gbb

dZjlh]jZnbjh\ZgbynZdlbq_kdbo\ha^_ckl\bcbbaf_g_gbcg_^Zxs_]h\k_klh

jhggxxhp_gdmkhklhygbykj_^uqlhk\b^_l_evkl\m_lhf_lh^bq_kdhfhlklZ\Z

gbbdhfie_dkguojZajZ[hlhd 

Hlf_qZ_lkyj_adZyfZkrlZ[gZyZkbff_ljby\uy\e_ggh]hfZkkb\ZdZjlGZ

^hex f_edhfZkrlZ[guodZjl f_evq_   ijboh^blky%hlh[s_]h

qbkeZdZjl\lh\j_fydZdgZ^hexdjmiguofZkrlZ[h\b[he__- 

lhevdh%. 

GZqZehdhfie_dkghfmwdheh]bq_kdhfmdZjlh]jZnbjh\Zgbx\Jhkkbb[ueh

iheh`_gh\]Klhevlhqghh[hagZq_ggZy^ZlZ -\j_fykha^ZgbyZ\lhjkdh]h

hjb]bgZeZh^ghcbai_j\uodhfie_dkguowdheh]bq_kdhodZjl-DZjlugZb[h

e__ hkljuo wdheh]bq_kdbo kblmZpbc KKKJ fZkrlZ[Z  WlZ dZjlZ

him[ebdh\ZgZ\gZmqguobihimeyjguoba^ZgbyodZd\gZr_ckljZg_lZdbaZ

jm[_`hf [ueZ bkihevah\ZgZ \ ijZdlbq_kdhc jZ[hl_ fgh]bo ]hkm^Zjkl\_gguo

hj]ZgbaZpbc\hreZ\gZpbhgZevgu_^hdeZ^uihkhklhygbxhdjm`Zxs_ckj_^u

KKKJbJhkkbbaZ]]bl^Dhqmjh\Ih

fg_gbxK:KeZ^dhi_\p_\ZZdlmZevghklvaZ\_jr_gghcjZ[hluk\yaZgZkhkljhc

g_o\Zldhc \ gZklhys__ \j_fy dZjl wdheh]bq_kdh]h ijhnbey ihlj_[ghklv \

dhlhjuohsmsZ_lkygZkZfuojZaebqguomjh\gyo^ey[hevr_cqZklbj_]bhgh\

kljZgu KeZ^dhi_\p_\  k  DZd i_j\uc hiul wdheh]bq_kdh]h dZjlh

]jZnbjh\Zgby kljZgu dZjlZ ijb\e_deZ \gbfZgb_ ki_pbZebklh\ b rbjhdhc h[

s_kl\_gghklby\beZkvgZ]ey^gufihkh[b_f\kbkl_f_wdheh]bq_kdh]hh[jZah

\Zgby ihkem`beZ hkgh\hc ^ey ^Zevg_crbo [he__ ^_lZevguo j_]bhgZevguo

hp_ghd<ihke_^mxsb_]h^u^ZggZydZjlZg_h^ghdjZlghkh\_jr_gkl\h\ZeZkvb

mlhqgyeZkvjbk<]hgZ[ueZba^ZgZ 

Dqbkemi_j\uojZajZ[hlhdihdhfie_dkghfmwdheh]bq_kdhfmdZj

lh]jZnbjh\Zgbx fh`gh lZd`_ hlg_klb jZ[hlu \uiheg_ggu_ \ OZjvdh\kdhf

mgb\_jkbl_l_ ih^ jmdh\h^kl\hf BXE_\bpdh]h b  \ F=M :< >hgq_\Z

H:?\l__\ZENYg\Zj_\Zb^j 

Hq_gv bgl_j_kgmx deZkkbnbdZpbx wdheh]bq_kdbo dZjl ho\Zlu\Zxsmx

ijZdlbq_kdb \kx kh\hdmighklv \Z`g_crbo bo oZjZdl_jbklbd ij_^eZ]Z_l

EFDhjulguc  <u[jZgu ke_^mxsb_ deZkkbnbdZpbhggu_ ijbagZdb k