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2.2. Çàãàëüí³ ñàí³òàðíî-ã³ã³ºí³÷í³ âèìîãè äî ïðîìèñëîâèõ 
ï³äïðèºìñòâ, âèðîáíè÷èõ ïðèì³ùåíü òà îðãàí³çàö³¿ ïðàö³ 
íà ðîáî÷îìó ì³ñö³................................................................149

2.2.1. Âèìîãè äî ðîçì³ùåííÿ òà ïëàíóâàííÿ òåðèòîð³¿
ï³äïðèºìñòâà ................................................................149
2.2.2. Âèìîãè äî âèðîáíè÷èõ ³ äîïîì³æíèõ ïðèì³ùåíü ....152
2.2.3. Îðãàí³çàö³ÿ ïðàö³ íà ðîáî÷îìó ì³ñö³......................154

2.3. ̳êðîêë³ìàò âèðîáíè÷èõ ïðèì³ùåíü ..............................161

2.3.1. Çàãàëüí³ ïîëîæåííÿ ............................................161
2.3.2. ijÿ ïàðàìåòð³â ì³êðîêë³ìàòó íà ëþäèíó ................162
2.3.3. Íîðìóâàííÿ ì³êðîêë³ìàòó ....................................163
2.3.4. Çàãàëüí³ çàõîäè òà çàñîáè íîðìàë³çàö³¿ 
ì³êðîêë³ìàòó òà òåïëîçàõèñòó ........................................167

2.4. Îçäîðîâëåííÿ ïîâ³òðÿíîãî ñåðåäîâèùà............................169

2.4.1. Çàãàëüí³ ïîëîæåííÿ ............................................169
2.4.2. Ñòðóêòóðà ³ ñêëàä àòìîñôåðè ................................169
2.4.3. Çàáðóäíþþ÷³ ðå÷îâèíè, íîðìóâàííÿ, ä³ÿ íà ëþäèíó ....171
2.4.4. Ìåòîäè ðåãóëþâàííÿ ÿêîñò³ ïîâ³òðÿíîãî 
ñåðåäîâèùà ³ çíèæåííÿ íåãàòèâíîãî âïëèâó 
çàáðóäíþþ÷èõ ðå÷îâèí íà ïðàö³âíèê³â............................175
2.4.5. Âåíòèëÿö³ÿ ..........................................................176
2.4.6. Ïðèðîäíà âåíòèëÿö³ÿ ..........................................178
2.4.7. Ìåõàí³÷íà âåíòèëÿö³ÿ ..........................................180
2.4.8. Êîíäèö³îíóâàííÿ ïîâ³òðÿ......................................183

2.5. Îñâ³òëåííÿ âèðîáíè÷èõ ïðèì³ùåíü ................................186

2.5.1. Çàãàëüí³ óÿâëåííÿ................................................186
2.5.2. Îñíîâí³ ñâ³òëîòåõí³÷í³ ïîíÿòòÿ òà îäèíèö³ ............187
2.5.3. Âèäè âèðîáíè÷îãî îñâ³òëåííÿ ................................189
2.5.4. Îñíîâí³ âèìîãè äî âèðîáíè÷îãî îñâ³òëåííÿ ............190
2.5.5. Ïðèðîäíå îñâ³òëåííÿ ............................................190
2.5.6. Øòó÷íå îñâ³òëåííÿ ..............................................192
2.5.7. Åêñïëóàòàö³ÿ îñâ³òëþâàëüíèõ óñòàíîâîê ................197

2.6. Çàõèñò â³ä øóìó ó âèðîáíè÷îìó ñåðåäîâèù³ ....................198

2.6.1. Çàãàëüíå ïîëîæåííÿ ............................................198
2.6.2. ijÿ øóìó íà ëþäèíó ............................................201
2.6.3. Íîðìóâàííÿ òà âèì³ðþâàííÿ øóì³â ......................202
2.6.4. Çàõèñò â³ä øóì³â ................................................205
2.6.5. Çàõèñò â³ä óëüòðà- òà ³íôðàçâóêó ..........................213

2.7. Çàõèñò â³ä â³áðàö³¿ ........................................................214

2.7.1. Îñíîâí³ ïîëîæåííÿ ..............................................214
2.7.2. Âïëèâ â³áðàö³¿ íà ëþäèíó ....................................218

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2.7.3. Ìåòîäè ã³ã³ºí³÷íî¿ îö³íêè òà íîðìàòèâí³ ïàðàìåòðè 
âèðîáíè÷î¿ â³áðàö³¿ ......................................................220
2.7.4. Ìåòîäè çàõèñòó â³ä â³áðàö³é ................................223

2.8. Çàõèñò â³ä åëåêòðîìàãí³òíèõ âèïðîì³íþâàíü 

ðàä³î÷àñòîòíîãî ä³àïàçîíó ..............................................228
2.8.1. Îñíîâí³ ïîëîæåííÿ ..............................................228
2.8.2. Îñíîâí³ õàðàêòåðèñòèêè åëåêòðîìàãí³òíîãî ïîëÿ ....229
2.8.3. ijÿ ÅÌ ðàä³î÷àñòîòíîãî ä³àïàçîíó íà ëþäèíó ......233
2.8.4. Íîðìóâàííÿ åëåêòðîìàãí³òíèõ âèïðîì³íþâàíü ........233
2.8.5. Çàõèñò â³ä åëåêòðîìàãí³òíèõ âèïðîì³íþâàíü ..........237

2.9. Çàõèñò â³ä âèïðîì³íþâàíü îïòè÷íîãî ä³àïàçîíó................239

2.9.1. Çàõèñò â³ä ²× âèïðîì³íþâàíü................................239
2.9.2. Çàõèñò â³ä ÓÔ âèïðîì³íþâàíü ....................................246
2.9.3. Çàõèñò â³ä ëàçåðíèõ âèïðîì³íþâàíü ......................249

2.10. Çàõèñò â³ä ³îí³çóþ÷îãî âèïðîì³íþâàííÿ ........................256

2.10.1. Çàãàëüí³ ïîëîæåííÿ............................................256
2.10.2. Îñíîâí³ ïîíÿòòÿ ³ õàðàêòåðèñòèêè ³îí³çóþ÷îãî
âèïðîì³íþâàííÿ............................................................258
2.10.3.Á³îëîã³÷íèé âïëèâ ³îí³çóþ÷îãî âèïðîì³íþâàííÿ ....262
2.10.4.Íîðìóâàííÿ ³îí³çóþ÷îãî âèïðîì³íþâàííÿ ..............265
2.10.5.Çàõèñò â³ä ³îí³çóþ÷îãî âèïðîì³íþâàííÿ ................267

Ïèòàííÿ äëÿ ñàìîêîíòðîëþ ................................................269

Ðîçä³ë 3. ÎÑÍÎÂÈ ÁÅÇÏÅÊÈ ÂÈÐÎÁÍÈÖÒÂÀ ................273
3.1. Çàãàëüí³ âèìîãè áåçïåêè äî âèðîáíè÷îãî îáëàäíàííÿ
òà òåõíîëîã³÷íèõ ïðîöåñ³â ....................................................273
3.2. Ñèñòåìè, ùî ïðàöþþòü ï³ä òèñêîì ................................279

3.2.1. Ïîñóäèíè, ùî ïðàöþþòü ï³ä òèñêîì ......................279
3.2.2. Áåçïåêà ï³ä ÷àñ åêñïëóàòàö³¿ ðåçåðâóàð³â ³ áàëîí³â....284
3.2.3. Ïàðîâ³ ³ âîäîãð³éí³ êîòëè ....................................287

3.3. Áåçïåêà ï³ä ÷àñ åêñïëóàòàö³¿ óñòàíîâîê êð³îãåííî¿ 
òåõí³êè ..............................................................................296
3.4. Áåçïåêà ï³ä ÷àñ âàíòàæíî-ðîçâàíòàæóâàëüíèõ ðîá³ò 
³ ïåðåì³ùåííÿ âàíòàæ³â........................................................303

3.4.1. Çàãàëüí³ ïîëîæåííÿ ............................................303
3.4.2. Âèìîãè äî ì³ñöü âèêîíàííÿ ðîá³ò ..........................305
3.4.3. Âèìîãè äî âàíòàæíî-ðîçâàíòàæóâàëüíèõ çàñîá³â ....308

3.5. Åëåêòðîáåçïåêà ............................................................314

3.5.1. Îñíîâí³ âèçíà÷åííÿ, íîðìàòèâíà áàçà 
³ àêòóàëüí³ñòü ïðîáëåì åëåêòðîáåçïåêè ..........................314
3.5.2. Îñîáëèâîñò³ åëåêòðîòðàâìàòèçìó  ..........................317

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3.5.3. ijÿ åëåêòðè÷íîãî ñòðóìó íà îðãàí³çì ëþäèíè ........318
3.5.4. Âèäè åëåêòðîòðàâì ..............................................319
3.5.5. ×èííèêè, ùî âïëèâàþòü íà òÿæê³ñòü óðàæåííÿ
åëåêòðè÷íèì ñòðóìîì ....................................................322
3.5.6. Êëàñèô³êàö³ÿ ïðèì³ùåíü çà íåáåçïåêîþ 
åëåêòðîòðàâì ............................................................326
3.5.7. Ïðè÷èíè åëåêòðîòðàâì ........................................327
3.5.8. Çåìëÿ ÿê åëåìåíò åëåêòðè÷íî¿ ìåðåæ³. Íàïðóãà 
êðîêó ..........................................................................328
3.5.9. Ô³çè÷í³ îñíîâè åëåêòðîáåçïåêè ............................331
3.5.10. Ñèñòåìè çàñîá³â ³ çàõîä³â ùîäî åëåêòðîáåçïåêè ....342
3.5.11. Îïîñâ³ä÷åííÿ ñòàíó áåçïåêè òà åêñïåðòèçà 
åëåêòðîóñòàíîâîê ñïîæèâà÷³â ........................................362

3.6. Ãàçîíåáåçïå÷í³ ðîáîòè ..................................................364
Ïèòàííÿ äëÿ ñàìîêîíòðîëþ ................................................368

Ðîçä³ë 4. ÏÎÆÅÆÍÀ ÁÅÇÏÅÊÀ ......................................373
4.1. Îñíîâí³ ïîíÿòòÿ òà çíà÷åííÿ ïîæåæíî¿ áåçïåêè ..............373

4.1.1. Îñíîâí³ òåðì³íè òà âèçíà÷åííÿ..............................373
4.1.2. Ñó÷àñíèé ñòàí ³ ð³âåíü ïîæåæíî¿ áåçïåêè â Óêðà¿í³.
Ïðè÷èíè òà íàñë³äêè ïîæåæ ..........................................374

4.2. Ñêëàäîâ³ òà çàãàëüíà ñõåìà çàáåçïå÷åííÿ ïîæåæíî¿ 
áåçïåêè ..............................................................................375

4.2.1. Êîíöåïòóàëüí³ îñíîâè ñèñòåìè ïîæåæíî¿ áåçïåêè....375
4.2.2. Âèõ³äí³ äàí³ ³ øëÿõè çàáåçïå÷åííÿ ïîæåæíî¿ 
áåçïåêè îá'ºêòà ............................................................376

4.3. Çàêîíîäàâ÷à ³ íîðìàòèâíî-ïðàâîâà áàçà ïîæåæíî¿ 
áåçïåêè ..............................................................................378

4.3.1. Çàãàëüíà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà çàêîíîäàâ÷î¿ ³ íîðìàòèâíî-
ïðàâîâî¿ áàçè Óêðà¿íè ïðî ïîæåæíó áåçïåêó ..................378
4.3.2. Îñíîâí³ ïîëîæåííÿ Çàêîíó Óêðà¿íè «Ïðî ïîæåæíó 
áåçïåêó» ......................................................................380

4.4. Ïîæåæîâèáóõîíåáåçïå÷í³ âëàñòèâîñò³ ðå÷îâèí 
³ ìàòåð³àë³â ........................................................................383

4.4.1. Ñóòí³ñòü òà âèäè ãîð³ííÿ. Êëàñè ïîæåæ ................383
4.4.2. Ïîêàçíèêè ïîæåæîâèáóõîíåáåçïåêè ðå÷îâèí 
³ ìàòåð³àë³â ..................................................................385
4.4.3. Êëàñèô³êàö³ÿ âèáóõîíåáåçïå÷íèõ ãàçî-
³ ïàðîïîâ³òðÿíèõ ñóì³øåé ..............................................390
4.4.4. Ñàìîçàãîðÿííÿ ðå÷îâèí ........................................391

4.5. Îö³íêà âèáóõîïîæåæîíåáåçïåêè îá'ºêòà ..........................392

4.5.1. Îñíîâí³ ïðèíöèïè àíàë³çó ³ êëàñèô³êàö³¿ îá'ºêò³â
çà ¿õ âèáóõîïîæåæîíåáåçïåêîþ ......................................392
4.5.2. Êàòåãî𳿠ïðèì³ùåíü ³ áóä³âåëü çà âèáóõîïîæåæíîþ
³ ïîæåæíîþ íåáåçïåêîþ ................................................393
4.5.3. Êëàñèô³êàö³ÿ ïîæåæîíåáåçïå÷íèõ 
òà âèáóõîíåáåçïå÷íèõ çîí ..............................................396

4.6. Ñèñòåìè çàáåçïå÷åííÿ âèáóõîïîæåæíî¿ áåçïåêè îá'ºêòà ....399

4.6.1. Ñèñòåìà ïîïåðåäæåííÿ âèáóõ³â ³ ïîæåæ ................399
4.6.2. Ñèñòåìà ïðîòèïîæåæíîãî òà ïðîòèâèáóõîâîãî 
çàõèñòó ........................................................................406
4.6.3. Ñèñòåìà îðãàí³çàö³éíî-òåõí³÷íèõ çàõîä³â................425

Ïèòàííÿ äëÿ ñàìîêîíòðîëþ ................................................431

Äîäàòêè
Äîäàòîê 1. Òèïîâà íàâ÷àëüíà ïðîãðàìà íîðìàòèâíî¿ äèñöèïë³íè 

«Îñíîâè îõîðîíè ïðàö³» äëÿ âèùèõ íàâ÷àëüíèõ 
çàêëàä³â âñ³õ ñïåö³àëüíîñòåé ³ íàïðÿì³â ï³äãîòîâêè 
çà îñâ³òíüî-êâàë³ô³êàö³éíèìè ð³âíÿìè «ìîëîäøèé 
ñïåö³àë³ñò» òà «áàêàëàâð»....................................436

Äîäàòîê 2.  Ïîëîæåííÿ ïðî Äåðæàâíó ñëóæáó ã³ðíè÷îãî íàãëÿäó 

òà ïðîìèñëîâî¿ áåçïåêè Óêðà¿íè ..............................451

Ñïèñîê âèêîðèñòàíî¿ ë³òåðàòóðè ..........................................466

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Äëÿ íîòàòîê