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UNIT 6
ORAL REPORTS (AT THE CONFERENCE)
BEFORE READING: Do you have any experience of making reports in public?
Speak about at least three things that were particularly difficult for you when making oral presentations.
PRE-TEXT EXERCISES:
Task1 Choose the correct meaning of the word.
1.An abstract is ... a) a remark c) a paragraph
b) a precis d) a note
2.A speech is... a) an utterance c) a thought
b) a discussion d) a glance
3.A report is... a) habit c) mark
b) knowledge d) statement
4.A discussion is ...... a) a view c) a talk
b) a book d) a device
Task 2 Match the columns:
1.an animated discussion a) заключне слово
2.to make a speech b) після тривалої дискусії
3.an opening speech c) жвавий диспут
4.a debate on the report d) вступна промова
5.a fruitful debate e) питання обговорюється
6.a closing speech f) плідна дискусія
7.a question under debate g) промовити слово
8.after much debate h) диспут по доповіді
Task 3 Read the text and say which of the suggestions below seem mostly useful for you:
More and more young people nowadays are involved in research and have to participate in the work of different scientific conferences. At some point in your scientific life you will be asked to make a presentation and you will be expected to deliver your presentation so that others can understand you. Giving an oral presentation strikes fear into the souls of many English as a Second Language students, but it needn’t. Following some simple suggestions should help you overcome much of your fear of giving an oral presentation.
First, be sure to prepare for the talk thoroughly.This means gathering your facts and organizing them logically. You can also prepare for your talk by thinking about the characteristics of the audience. Are they likely to agree with your conclusions or are they likely to be hostile? If you think that the audience might be hostile, it may be necessary to prepare answers to questions that might be raised during the presentation.
You will find that audiences generally love handouts. If at all possible, prepare handouts that illustrate some important concept in your presentation. You will find that handouts, like graphs, can make difficult points easier to understand.
The organization of the total presentation includes more than just the organization of the report. It also includes the physical preparation for the presentation: finishing the speech, designing the visual aids, checking out the room where you will speak ( if possible), and rehearsing the presentation until it satisfies you.
In putting the finishing touchers on the speech, you need to remember the three elements for gaining and keeping the audience s attention: 1) tell the audience what you intend to say (the introduction); 2) support, explain and expand on the topic of the presentation (the body) ; 3) sum up your presentation (the conclusion).
It is necessary to capture the audience’s attention at the beginning of your talk. A powerful opening gives the presentation force and momentum which will help to ensure audience interest. Because the conclusion is the last thing the audience hears it‘s necessary to make it as forceful and convincing as possible.
Once you have delivered your talk, you must ask your audience for questions. Remain calm and don t think that others are attacking your presentation. If you are confident and at ease, you will see that people will respond to you pleasantly. If you become angry or defensine, you will lose your audience.
POST-TEXT EXERCISES:
TASK 1 A good report requires a lot of preparatory wok. Some specialists distinguish the procedures enumerated below.
Read all of then and:
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determine which four of them you find to be the most important;
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arrange all of them in the proper order;
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divide all of them into three groups:
Planning stage.
Script stage.
Rehearsal stage.
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Recording the presentation on audiotape.
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Recording the presentation on videotape to control body language.
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Planning the presentation( aim, time, place, length, form).
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Writing the presentation out in full.
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Producing a plan.
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Writing down all your ideas.
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Choosing the best demonstration materials ( documents, pictures ,photos, slides, diagrams, tables, graphs, charts, objects, models, etc) and handouts.
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Producing demonstration materials and handouts.
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Reading the script.
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Producing cards with the notes of the presentation.
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Using a marker to underline the most important ideas and facts.
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Transferring the most important things into cards.
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Timing the presentation to fit the available time.
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Rehearsing the whole presentation from the cards.
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Reducing the script if necessary.
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Arranging the cards.
TASK 2 At the planning stage you should provide answers to the seven basic questions: why? to whom? what? where? when? how long? how? Say what is meant by these questions matching the questions on the the left with the information you need to answer them on the right.
why? a) What the audience knows about the subject, their
to whom? status, age, culture, specific interest – the information
what? you present should be tailored to their need;
where? b) the aims of your report, those evident and those hidden
c) the subject matter of the report;
when?
how long? d) the place where the report will be delivered ( a large
how? conference-hall, a small meetimg room, with the help of a
microphone or without it, etc);
e) the time ( the first report, the last one, after or before
the break, in the evening, etc).
f) the length of the report is determined by many factors,
but generally try to make your talk reasonably short;
g) the format, or form of the report including the use of
demonstration materials and handouts.
TASK 3 Translate and remember the phrases expressing your appreciation about taking part in a conference:
-I think it is a privilege for me to participate in this conference and I greatly appreciate it.
-I’d like to begin by expresing my appreciation to the opportinity to exchange information on the problems which interest all of us.
-It’s a great pleasure for me to attend this representative meeting and to have an opportunity to take part in a lively discussion here.
Task 4 Imagine that you’ve been asked several questions after your speech. Respond to the question or apologize for lack of clarity in answers. These phrases will help you to do it in the most possible polite way and style:
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It’s a difficult question. I can’t give a detailed answer to it now.
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It’s rather a complex problem. Besides, it is beyond my subject of investigation.
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That’s a good question. Thank you for asking it. I have my own view on that problem.
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Well, your argument sounds convincing but don’t you think that...
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Oh, yes. Your remark is quite relevant. Thank you for reminding me that...
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Would you mind if came back to your question later?
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I’m afraid you misunderstood me. I didn’t mean to say...
I haven’t really considered the problem in this aspect, but I believe that...
UNIT 7
AT THE LIBRARY
BEFORE READING: Is there a library at your University? How often do you go there? What are the main departments of this library? What collection and materials does it contain? What do you like and dislike about this library?
PRE-TEXT EXERCISES:: Task1 : Choose the correct meaning of the word:
1. A bibliography is: a) a book
b) a story about your past
c) a list
2. A reference is: a) an essay
b) an indicator
c) a place
3. A manuscript is: a) a science
b) information
c) composition
4. A catalog is: a) complete enumeration of items
b) a specific feature
c) an argument
5. A volume is: a) a big amount of smth.
b) a considerable quantity
c) a printed report
6. A copy is: a) an idea
b) a certificate
c) a reproduction of smth original
TASK 2 Read and translate the text:
Dealing with scientific research you can’t imagine without library services. Usually a big scientific library has various departments and desks to make your work there more efficient and convenient. A Circulation Desk is a library department where readers can borrow books. An Information Services Department with electronic and card catalogues is always able to give you the required data about the library services. There is also a Periodical Department, a Rare Books Department, and Manuscripts Department. Items in these special collections may not be checked out but are available for study on site by anyone with a need to use them. Copy machines are provided in libraries so that students may make copies of extracts from library books and periodicals for research or private study.
Library staff assists reader in many important ways. In addition to reference help, they prepare subject bibliographies, offer bibliographic instructions, library tours and prepare and circulate monthly lists of recent acquisitions. Searching of information for research papers and other projects need not to be difficult. If you follow a plan in your research for information –“ a search strategy”` - you will be able to find what you need with greater efficiency. Librarians also can help readers in planning the searching strategy for finding the best information available on their topics. The libraries also have Request and Reservation services with acces to the Interlibrary Loan Department.
POST-TEXT EXERCISES:
TASK 1 Complete the sentences below using the words from the box:
catalog library bibliography references volume copy
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Our local ...... has a rich collection of scientific literature.
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It’s obligatory to have an original document, not a .....
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This invention will be included into International.....
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Have you made the ......of works used in your thesis?
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Don’t forget to make .....in your research.
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I need to find the second..... of the encyclopedia.
TASK 2 Explain the difference between the words:
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a subject catalog - an alphabetic catalog;
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an edition - a volume;
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a dictionary - a vocabulary;
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a title – a headline;
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a book - a text book.
TASK 3 Fill in the blanks with the necessary words:
1.Library ... assist readers in many important ways. information
2. Making research you can’t do without library..................................on site
3.Items in Rare Department may not be checked out but are services
available for study Circulation Desk
4. .........is a department where readers can borrow books.
5. This library provides a quiete working ........... staff
6. A search strategy means following plan in your search for........ Interlibrary Loan
Department
7. Do you have the acces to......... ? environment
TASK 4 Read the supplementary text and discuss it:
Books, I believe, may be divided into three classes:
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books to read;
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books to re-read;
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books not to read at all.
The third class is most important. To tell people what to read, is, as a rule, either useless or harmfull. But to tell people what not to read is a very different matter.
It is indeed necessary in this age of ours, an age that reads so much, that it has no time to admire, and writes so much that it has no time to think. Whoever will select “ The Worst Hundred Books” and publish a list of them will give the rising generation a real and lasting service. ( After O.Wild)
Answer the questions:
1.Do you agree that the list of the “Worst Hundred Books” may be usefull?
2.How do you choose a book to read?
3.What books do you re-read?
Використана література
1 .Програма курсу для підготовки аспірантів і пошукувачів до кандидатського іспиту з іноземної мови - Міністерство освіти України. Вища атестаційна комісія України. – Київ. 1993. – 17с.
2. Кузнецова О.Ю. Англійська мова для аспірантів( для підготовки до складання канд.іспиту з іноземної мови.) – Харківський національний педагогічний університет ім.Г.С. Сковороди, 2004. – 64с.
3. Митусова О.А. Английский для аспирантов. – Ростов н/Д : изд-во < Феникс> , 2003. – 320с.
4.Бондар Т.І., Кириченко З.Ф., Коленик Д.М., Дегтярьова Л.П., Шпак В.К. Англійська мова для аспірантів та наукових співробітників. – Київ. 2005. – 351с.
5.Neufeld J.K. A Handbook for Technical Communication. –Englewood:Prentice Hall Regents.
6. Winkler A.C., McCuen J.R. Writing the Research Paper/ A handbook. San Diego, New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Publishers, 1985. – 284p.