Файл: Л.А. Бердюгина Английский язык. Контрольные работы для студентов заочной формы обучения.pdf

The new transmitter was set in Bell’s bedroom. Watson was sitting in the laboratory. He put his ear to the receiver and was waiting. Suddenly he heard Bell’s voice. And not the voice only but the words too. “Mr. Watson, come here. I want you.” It was on the 10th of March, 1876. Alexander Graham Bell had invented the telephone. In a few years there were telephones all over the world. In 1915, the first transcontinental telephone line was opened. Graham Bell, a very old man now, sat in New York at a desk with a telephone before him, while his friend Watson was listening more than three hundred thousand miles away in San Francisco. People were interested what speech Bell had prepared for that great day, on which the telephone invented by him was to carry sound from the Atlantic coast to the Pacific.

4. Bell was sitting in a big hall; there were many people in it. Everyone expected to hear a serious, scientific speech. Suddenly everybody heard his clear voice as he spoke into his old transmitter, “Mr. Watson, come here. I want you.” He repeated the words which he had said almost forty years ago. Much to the amusement of the people Watson answered, “I would be glad to come, but it would take me a week.”

V. Прочитайте 4-й абзац и вопрос. Из приведенных вариантов укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос.

What did Bell say on the opening of the transcontinental telephone line? 1. He said nothing.

2.He repeated the words he had said almost forty years before.

3.He prepared a serious scientific speech.

ВАРИАНТ II

I. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на пассивные конструкции.

1. When an airplane moves through the atmosphere, the air resists its movement.

2.The work was going on according to the schedule.

3.The radio signals were reflected from the surface of Venus and came back to the Earth.

4.The development of automated control systems will be accompanied by mechanization and automation of the key production processes.

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II. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и укажите, являются ли они определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения.

1. The metric or decimal system is the international system of measures and weights based on the meter and the kilogramme.

2.Having loaded the goods, the workers left the port.

3.A platinum cylinder known as the kilogramme was declared to be the standard for 1000 grammes.

4.When studying elements Mendeleyev found that they could be divided into nine groups.

III. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквиваленты. Переведите предложения.

1. The amount of friction can be reduced even more with ball or roller bearings with some grease as lubrication.

2.The meeting was to be attended by the representatives of fifteen European countries.

3.When are we to visit the laboratories of the Institute?

4.Care must be taken to ensure that the welted surfaces are clean, for dirt will weaken the weld.

IV. Прочтите и устно переведите текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 2-й абзац.

I.P. PAVLOV, THE NOBEL PRIZE WINNER

1. Ivan Petrovich Pavlov, a son of a poor priest, was born in Ryazan, in Russia, September 14, 1849. Pavlov was one of a large family of eleven children, six of whom died very young.The inhabitants of Ryazan and even his

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own family had no idea that one day Pavlov would be hailed as one of the greatest scientists of modern times.

2.At an early age, Pavlov showed that he had an alert and inquiring mind. He was an avid reader. He was also fond of working in the family garden and of watching the plants and flowers grow. Pavlov decided that his interest lay in science, and he went to the University of St. Petersburg. He then studied medicine at the Military Medical Academy of St. Petersburg. He received his medical degree in 1883. In 1884 Pavlov was appointed lecturer in physiology and the next two years he spent in Germany continuing his studies. Pavlov returned to St. Petersburg and, in 1890, was appointed professor of physiology at the Army Medical Academy and director of the physiology department of the Institute for Experimental Medicine at St. Petersburg.

3.Pavlov always thought that he did his most important work after the research which earned him the Nobel Prize. It was in these later years that he discovered the “conditioned reflex” and, in doing so, made his greatest contribution to science. Pavlov won many honours during his lifetime. He became, in 1907, one of the four scientific members of the Academy of St. Petersburg and in the same year the British Royal Society made him a foreign member. After the First World War, he was made a director of the Russian Institute of Experimental Medicine. In 1928 he was made an honorary member of the Royal College of Physicians in London. In the closing years of his life and work, Pavlov became interested in psychiatry.

4.Pavlov’s death on February 27, 1936, at the age of 86, cut short his experiments in trying to understand the human mind. Yet his years of untiring work have left mankind a rich legacy of knowledge and a promising startingpoint for further discoveries and endeavour.

V. Прочитайте 3-й абзац текста и вопрос. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите предложение, содержащее правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос.

When was Pavlov made an honorary member of the Royal College of physicians in London?

1. In 1920 he was made an honorary member of the Royal College of Physicians in London.

2.In 1930 he was made an honorary member of the Royal College of Physicians in London.

3.In 1928 he was made an honorary member of the Royal College of Physicians in London.

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ВАРИАНТ III

I. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на пассивные конструкции.

1. In 1897 Rudolf Diesel invented a new internal combustion engine.

2.The force of gravity pulls things towards the Earth’s center.

3.In an automated factory control is performed by machines.

4.This is the principle the electronic computer is based on.

II. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и укажите, являются ли они определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения.

1. Petrol is the fuel used in jet engines.

2.The figures mentioned in his report were published in the latest scientific journal.

3.Having finished the experiment they left the laboratory.

4.The professor told the students about the experiment now being carried on in the laboratory of the institute.

III. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквиваленты. Переведите предложения.

1. The laboratory was to make important scientific experiment in a very short time.

2.You needn’t keep your activities in secret.

3.The engineer could correct the program during the test of the engine.

4.We can feed the oil into the bearing in several ways.

IV. Прочтите и устно переведите текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1,2 и 3-й абзацы текста.

Пояснения к тексту

A. M. TERPIGOREV (1873 — 1959)

1. Academician A. M. Terpigorev is a well-known mining engineer who successfully combined his practical experience with scientific researсh. He was born in 1873 in Tambov. In 1892 he finished school with honours and decided to get a higher education. He chose the Mining Institute in St. Petersburg, passed all the entrance exams successfully and became a student of the Mining Institute.

2.At the Institute he studied the full range of subjects relating to metallurgy, mining and mining mechanics. At that time students’ specialization was based on descriptive courses and elementary practical training. One of the best lecturers was A. P. Karpinsky. His lectures on historical geology were very interesting. During his practical training A. M. Terpigorev visited mines and saw that the miner’s work was very difficult. In the Donbas he collected material for his graduation paper which he was to prepare and defend. It dealt with the mining of flat seams in the Donbas.

3.In 1897 A. M. Terpigorev graduated from the Mining Institute and was awarded a first-class diploma and a degree of Mining Engineer. From 1900 till 1922 A. M. Terpigorev was working at the Yekaterinoslav Mining Institute ( now the Mining Institute of Dnepropetrovsk). In 1922 A. M. Terpigorev accepted an offer to take charge of the mining chair at the Moscow Mining Academy and moved to Moscow. From 1930 he headed the chairs of Mining Transport and Mining of Bedded Deposits at the Moscow Mining Institute.

4.Academician A. M. Terpigorev took a particular interest in mine safety. As a result of the investigations he was carrying out in the Donbas at the beginning of the century, he worked out a series of safety measures in gassy collieries. For a long time he was working at the problem of fire damp, the most harmful and dangerous of all the gases in mine air.

5.His two volume work Coal Mining and Mine Transport Facilities is a complete description of the state of the mechanization and the economy of the Donbas. His other works deal with mining transport facilities, mechanization of coal mining and mining machinery. He is one of the pioneers in scientific methods of coal gasification. A. M. Terpigorev’s activities include his work as a public figure. Many times he was decorated with Government orders. Academician A. M. Terpigorev, B. I. Boky and other prominent scientists made a great contribution to the developement of mining. They layed the foundation of the Russian science of the mining.

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V. Прочтите 4-й абзац текста и вопрос. Из приведенных ниже вариантов укажите предложение, содержащее правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос.

What did A. M. Terpigorev take a particular interest in?

1. A. M. Terpigorev took a particular interest in the developement of mining.

2.A. M. Terpigorev took a particular interest in mine safety.

3.A. M. Terpigorev took a particular interest in mining transport facilities.

ВАРИАНТ IV

I. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на пассивные конструкции.

1. Some ideas of rapid air transportation are on the drawing boards.

2.Most of the advances in air transportation will materialize within the next few years.

3.All commercial banks are involved in lending money to suitable businesses.

4.The load was lifted by means of a crane.

II. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и укажите, являются ли они определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения.

1. Metallurgists studying a new class of alloys have produced a very durable alloy which is being used in aircraft and rocket engineering.

2.The explanation given was not complete.

3.When burnt coal produces heat.

4.Being obtained in the laboratory the new substance had some valuable properties.

III. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквиваленты. Переведите предложения.

1. We can reach any point on the globe from any other point through tunnels deep in the earth.

2. Marie Curie had to use an old store-room at the University as her laboratory because she was refused a better room.

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3.Many physical phenomena could never be explained without the Theory of Relativity.

4.A man who designs buildings and makes the plans for them must not forget the sort of material to be used in the building; this may be stone, brick,

wood or steel and concrete.

IV. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 2 и 3-й абзацы.

ALFRED NOBEL - A MAN OF CONTRASTS

1. Alfred Nobel, the great Swedish inventor and industrialist, was a man of many contrasts. He was a son of a bankrupt, but became a millionaire, a scientist who cared for literature, an industrialist who managed to remain an idealist. He made a fortune but led a simple life, and although cheerful in company he was often sad when remained alone. A lover of mankind, he never had a wife or family to love him, a patriotic son of his native land, he died alone in a foreign country.

2. He was born in Stockholm on October 21, 1833 but moved to Russia with his parents in 1842, where his father, Emmanuel, made a strong position for himself in the engineering industry. Emmanuel Nobel invented the landmine and got plenty of money for it from government orders during the Crimean War, but then, quite suddenly went bankrupt. Most of the family went back to Sweden in 1859. Four years later Alfred returned there too, beginning his own study of explosives in his father’s laboratory. It occurred that he had never been to school or University but had studied privately and by the time he was twenty was a skilful chemist and excellent linguist having mastered Swedish, Russian, German, French and English.

3. Nobel was never really concerned about making money or even making scientific discoveries. Seldom happy, he was always searching for the sense of life, and from his youth had taken an interest in literature and philosophy. Probably because he could not find ordinary human love, he never married, he began to care deeply about the whole mankind. His famous will, in which

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he left money to provide prizes for outstanding work in physics, chemistry, physiology, medicine, economics, literature and promotion of world peace is a memorial to his interests and ideals.

4. According to Nobel’s will the capital was to be safely invested to form a fund. The interest of this fund is to be distributed annually in the form of prizes to those who, during the previous year did work of the greatest use to mankind within the field of physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, economics, literature and to the person who has done the most for brotherhood between nations, for the abolition or reduction of permanent armies and for the organization and encouragement of peace conferences.In his will Nobel wrote that it was his firm wish that in choosing the prize winner no consideration should be given to the nationality of the candidates, but that the most worthy should receive the prize, whether he be a Scandinavian or not. This will was written in Paris, on November 27, 1895.

V. Прочитайте 4-й абзац текста и вопрос к нему. Из приведенных вариантов укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос.

What did Nobel write in his will?

1. In his will Nobel wrote that it was his firm wish that in choosing the prize winner no consideration should be given to the nationality of the candidates, but that the most worthy should receive the prize, whether he be a Scandinavian or not.

2.The interest of the fund is to be distributed weekly in the form of prizes.

3.According to Nobel’s will the capital was not to be invested to form a fund.

ВАРИАНТ V

I. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на пассивные конструкции.

1. Some people were experimenting with different unusual materials.

2.Personal computers or simply PCs are a common feature of our life.

3.The rubber solution was used for raincoat production.

4.The simplest explanation of this phenomenon is connected with the earth’s magnetic field.

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